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urnio&U/  uiwo ru  rape** 


A  SELECTIVE  MICROFILM  EDITION 

PARTIV 

(1899-1910) 


Thomas  E.  Jeffrey 
LisaGitelman 
Gregory  Jankunis 
David  W.  Hutchings 
Leslie  Fields 


Editors 


Theresa  M.  Collins 
Gregory  Field 
Aido  E.  Salerno 
Karen  A.  Detig 
Lorie  Stock 


Robert  Rosenberg 
Director  and  Editor 


Sponsors 

Rutgers,  The  State  University  Of  New  Jersey 
National  Park  Service,  Edison  National  Historic  Site 
New  Jersey  Historical  Commission 
Smithsonian  Institution 


University  Publications  of  America 
Bethesda,  MD 
1999 


Edison  sigunluro  used  with  permission  of  McGraw-Edison  Co 


Thomas  A.  Edison  Papers 
at 

Rutgers,  The  State  University 
endorsed  by 

National  Historical  Publications  and  Records  Commission 
18  June  1981 

Copyright  ©  1999  by  Rutgers,  The  State  University  ■  • 

All  rights  reserved.  No  part  of  this  publication  including  any  portion  of  the  guide  and  index  or  of 
the  microfilm  may  be  reproduced,  stored  in  a  retrieval  system,  or  transmitted  in  any  form  by  any 
means — graphic,  electronic,  mechanical,  or  chemical,  includingphotocopying,  recordingor  taping, 
or  information  storage  and  retrieval  systems— without  written  permission  of  Rutgers,  The  State 
University,  New  Brunswick,  New  Jersey. 

The  original  documents  hi  this  edition  are  from  the  archives  at  the  Edison  National  Historic  Site 
at  West  Orange,  New  Jersey. 


ISBN  0-89093-703-6 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON  PAPERS 


Robert  A.  Rosenberg 
Director  and  Editor 

Thomas  E.  Jeffrey 
Associate  Director  and  Coeditor 

Paul  B.  Israel 

Managing  Editor,  Book  Edition 
Helen  Endick 

Assistant  Director  for  Administration 


Associate  Editors 
Theresa  M.  Collins 
Lisa  Gitelman 
Keith  A.  Nier 

Research  Associates 

Gregory  J&nkunis 
Lorie  Stock 


Assistant  Editors 
Louis  Carlat 
Aldo  E.  Salerno 


Secretary 

Grace  Kurkowski 


Amy  Cohen 
Bethany  Jankunis 
Laura  Konrad 
Vishal  Nayak 


Student  Assistants 


Jessica  Rosenberg 
Stacey  Saelg 
Wojtek  Szymkowiak 
Matthew  Wosniak 


BOARD  OF  SPONSORS 


Rutgers,  The  State  University  of  New 
Jersey 

Francis  L.  Lawrence 
Joseph  J.  Seneca 
Richard  F.  Foley 
David  M.  Oshinsky 
New  Jersey  Historical  Commission 
Howard  L.  Green 


National  Park  Service 
John  Maounis 
Maryanne  Gerbauckos 
Roger  Durham 
George  Tselos 
Smithsonian  Institution 
Bernard  Finn 
Arthur  P.  Molelia 


EDITORIAL  ADVISORY  BOARD 

James  Brittain,  Georgia  Institute  of  Technology 
R.  Frank  Colson,  University  of  Southampton 
Louis  Golambos,  Johns  Hopkins  University 
Susan  Hockey,  University  of  Alberta 
Thomas  Parke  Hughes,  University  of  Pennsylvania 
Peter  Robinson,  Oxford  University 

Philip  Scranton,  Georgia  Institute  orTechnology/Hagley  Museum  and  Library 
Merritt  Roe  Smith,  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology 


FINANCIAL  CONTRIBUTORS 


PRIVATE  FOUNDATIONS 
The  Alfred  P.  Sloan  Foundation 
Charles  Edison  Fund 
The  Hyde  and  Watson  Foundation 
National  Trust  for  the  Humanities 
Geraldine  R.  Dodge  Foundation 


PUBLIC  FOUNDATIONS 
National  Science  Foundation 
National  Endowment  for  the 
Humanities 

National  Historical  Publications  and 
Records  Commission 


PRIVATE  CORPORATIONS  AND  INDIVIDUALS 


Alabama  Power  Company 

Anonymous 

AT&T 

Atlantic  Electric 

Association  of  Edison  Illuminating 
Companies 

Battelie  Memorial  Institute 
The  Boston  Edison  Foundation 
Cabot  Corporation  Foundation,  Inc. 
Carolina  Power  &  Li$it  Company 
Consolidated  Edison  Company  of  New 
York,  Inc. 

Consumers  Power  Company 
Cooper  Industries 
Corning  Incorporated 
Duke  Power  Company 
Entergy  Corporation  (Middle  South 
Electric  System) 

Exxon  Corporation 

Florida  Power  &  Light  Company 

General  Electric  Foundation 

Gould  Inc.  Foundation 

Gulf  States  Utilities  Company 

David  and  Nina  Heitz 

Hess  Foundation,  Inc. 

Idaho  Power  Company 


IMO  Industries 

International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical 
Workers 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanley  H.  Katz 
Matsushita  Electric  Industrial  Co.,  Ltd. 
Midwest  Resources,  Inc. 

Minnesota  Power 
New  Jersey  Bell 
New  York  State  Electric  &  Gas 
Corporation 

Nortli  American  Philips  Corporation 
Philadelphia  Electric  Company 
Philips  Lighting  B.V. 

Public  Service  Electric  and  Gas  Company 

RCA  Corporation 

Robert  Bosch  GmbH 

Rochester  Gas  and  Electric  Corporation 

Sail  Diego  Gas  and  Electric 

Savannah  Electric  and  Power  Company 

Schering-Plough  Foundation 

Texas  Utilities  Company 

Thomas  &  Betts  Corporation 

Thomson  Grand  Public 

Transamerica  Delavol  Inc. 

Westinghouse  Foundation 
Wisconsin  Public  Service  Corporation 


A  Note  on  the  Sources 

The  pages  which  have  been 
filmed  are  the  best  copies 
available.  Every  technical 
effort  possible  has  been 
made  to  ensure  legibility. 


PUBLICATION  AND  MICROFILM 
COPYING  RESTRICTIONS 


Reel  duplication  of  the  whole  or  of 
any  part  of  this  film  is  prohibited 
In  lieu  of  transcripts,  however, 
enlarged  photocopies  of  selected 
items  contained  on  these  reels 
may  be  made  in  order  to  facilitate 
research. 


Folio  No _ J2&S&. 


Serial  No 


Title . 'Ak*xc&k«*. . zjL . . "Jt-uJL&Lc....  .  . A-b . 


Fiied.fA 


>£<■  .fj,  S?6S 


Examiner’s  Room  No._ 


ACTIONS. 


sJ$Lc /v.  /<7o  . ;,  ^sso  r,  ■ 

(s  ^ 

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, 

7 . 

8 _ 

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9.  . . . ........ 

i  ?  \ 

10  . 

1  ’  ;  /’ 

11 

12 

!  U. 

13 

14  '  \ 

u — 

.,A~: 


'li 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 

/  Counsel, 

Orange,  New  Jersey.;! 


petition 


Ho  tbe  (Eommissioner  of  patents : 

Born-  petitioner  tromas  alva  Edison  . 

@.cttl3en  of  tbe  Wniteb  States,  resibing  anb  having  a  post  Office  abbress  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  Haw  Jersey, 


prap  tbat  letters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  bim  for  tbe  improvements  in 
PROCESS  OP  VAKINO  mmc  Pints  OR  W.AKES, 


set  fortb  in  tbe  anneieb  specification ;  anb  be  bereb?  appoints  tfranf?  X,  Bper 
(•(Registration  Ulo.  560),  of  lEbison  laboratory,  ©range,  mew  3ersey,  bis 
attorney,  witb  full  power  of  substitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosecute  this 
application,  to  mahe  alterations  anb  anienbments  therein,  to  receive  tbe  patent, 
anb  to  transact  all  business  in  tbe  patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tberewltb. 


-SPEOIEICATION- 


ITO  AIL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

Be  it  known  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON, 
a  oitizen  of  the  United  States,  reeiding  at  Llewellyn  Park, 
Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey, 
have  invented  a  certain  new  and  useful  PROCESS  OS’  MAKING 
METALLIC  EILMS  OR  SLAKES ,  of  whioh  the  following  is  a 

description: 

' 

My  invention  relates  to  an  improved  prooetss  of 
making  metallic  films  or  flakes,  and  particularly  flakes 
of  metallio  oohalt  or  oobalt-niokel  alloy,  for  ubo  in  the 
,  make-up  of  the  positive  eleotrodeB  of  storage  batteries 
of  the  Edison  type.  As  I  have  previously  indioated,  flakes 
of  metallio  oohalt  or  oobalt-niokel  alloy  are  peculiarly 
fitted  for  this  use,  owing  to  the  high  character  of  the 
oontiaot  which  will  he  afforded  for  the  particles  of  active 
material,  Buoh  as  nlokel  hydroxide,  as  well  as  the  permanen¬ 
cy,  of  tjie  flakes  under  the  effeot  of  electrolysis.  In  an 
application  for  Letters  Patent  filed  March  30th,  1905, 

Serial  No.  252,932,  1  desorihe  a  process  for  thlB  purpose 
(  in  whioh  the  flakes  are  formed  hy  depositing  eleotrolytical- 
ly  upon  a  oathode  layers  or  films  of  a  soluble  metal  alter¬ 
nating  with  successive  films  of  the  desired  metal  (cobalt 
oh  aohalt-niokel)  after  which  the  soluble  metal  is  dis¬ 
solved,  so  as  to  result  in  the  separation  and  segregation 
of  the  oohalt  or  oobalt-niokel  films.  In  the  application 
referred  tbf: I  desorihe  the  use  of  zino  as  a  suitable 
soluble  metal,  and  I  describe  the  breaking  dp  or  sizing 
1. 


of  the  oobalt  or  oobalt-nickel  flakeB  by  means  of  a  screen¬ 
ing  operation.  My  present  invention  relates  to  an  im¬ 
provement  on  the  process  described  in  said  application 
by  whioh  flakes  of  cobalt  or  oobalt-ni ckel  can  be  secured 
which  will  be  very  muoh  smoother,  of  more  uniform  thickness 
and  more  coherent  than  when  zinc  is  used,  and  which  flakes 
will  also  be  more  uniform  in  size  than  when  sub-divided  by 
a  screening  operation. 

To  this  end  the  invention  ooneists,  broadly 
speaking ,  first  in  making  use  of  copper  as  the  soluble 
metal  on  whioh  the  films  of  oobalt  or  cobalt-nickel  are 
deposited,  and  second,  in  outting  up  the  composite  strips 
or  sheets  to  the  required  Bize  after  separation  of  the  same 
from  the  oathode.  The  invention  also  contemplates  details 
of  procedure,  all  as  will  be  more  fully  hereinafter  des¬ 
cribed  and  claimed. 

In  carrying  my  invention  into  effect,  I  proceed 
substantially  as  follows: 

The  cathode  o  cnsists  of  a  plate  or  oylinder 
df  polished  copper,  preferably  nickel-plated,  and  which 
may  be  conveniently  rotated  during  the  plating  and  sub- 
•  sequent  operations,  as  1  describe  in  toy  application  for 
letters  Patent  filed  October  12,  1905,  Serial  No.  282,380. 
The  oathode  is  first  rubbed  with  graphite  bo  as  to  poliBh 
the  surface  thereof  and  permit  the  effective  separation 
of  the  deposited  composite  sheet.  1  first  Introduce  the 
oathode  in  a  copper  plating  bath  employing  any  suitable 
oopper  salt,  suoh  as  the  sulphate  thereof  with  metallic 
copper  anodes  and  deposits  a  thin  layer  or  film  of  copper 
on  the  oathode,  as  will  be  understood.  Suoh  a  oopper  layer 
will  be  extremely  smooth  and  coherent  and  in  this  respect 
very  superior  to  ztJno.  The  cathode  is  now  washed  and  then 
2. 


immersed  in  a  cobalt  or  cobalt-nickel  bath.,  the  solution 
UBed  toeing  preferably  an  ammonium  sulphate  solution  of  the 
metal  or  metals  to  toe  plated,  and.  anodes  of  cobalt  or  of 
ootoalt  and  niokel  being  employed.  In  the  latter  case, 
the  anodes  and  the  depositing  ourrent  will  toe  so  regulated 
as  to  secure  the  desired  relative  deposit  of  the  tv/o  met¬ 
als.  Wien  the  ootoalt  Or  o obalt-niokel  film  haB  been 
i  thus  deposited  on  the  oopper  film,  the  cathode  is  again 
|  washed,  returned  to  the  oopper  bath  and  a  second  layer 
j  of  oopper  is  deposited  on  the  ootoalt  or  cobalt-niokel  film. 

Ij  After  washing,  a  seoond  film  of  cobalt  or  cobalt-nickel  iB 
||  deposited  on  the  seoond  oopper  film,  and  these  operations 
|  are  continued  until  a  sufficient  number  of  layers  of  oopper 
!  and  cobalt  or  o obalt-nickel  are  secured.  The  oomposite 
|  sheet  thus  obtained  on  the  cathode  is  easily  stripped  from 
!  the  same  by  cutting  the  Bheet  longitudinally,  so  aB  to 
!  permit  the  sheet  to  be  pealed  off.  To  facilitate  this 
cutting  of  the  composxte  sheet ,  the  oathode  is  formed  with 
I  one  or  more  longitudinal  grooves  whloh  aot  as  effective 
ij  guides  for  the  outter.  After  the  sheet  has  been  thus  sep- 
|  arated  from  the  oathode,  it  is  preferably  out  up  into 
strips  about  three  inches  wide,  and  these  strips  are  sub¬ 
divided  by  meanB  of  a  suitable  cutting  maohine  tt  any  desip 
I  ed  type,  into  squares  or  other  formB,  the  dimensions  of 
j  which  in  length  and  breadth  determine  the  ultimate  size  of 
the  flakes  to  be  produoed.  Ordinarily',  each  flake  will  be 
about  l/l6  of  an  inch  square.  At  this  stage  of  the  method, 
I  will  obtain  a  great  number  of  very  small  squares  or  bod¬ 
ies  each  formed  of  Buooessive  and  alternating  layers  of 
copper  and  cobalt  or  cobalt-niokel,  as  will  be  understood. 
It  now  becomes  nooessary  to  dissolve  the  oopper  without  af¬ 
fecting  the  cobalt  or  oobalt-nickel  flakes,  thereby  elia- 
I  lnating  the  oopper  and  separating  the  flakes  desired.  This 

!  3- 


is  preferably  effeoted  by  soaking  the  sub-divided  composite 
jbodies  in  a  very  Btrong  solution  of  oyanide  of  potassium, 
and  agitated  at  times  during  the  treatment.  The  effect 
of  the  oyanide  is  to  dissolve  the  metallic  oopper,  without 
appreciably  affeoting  the  cobalt  or  cobalt-nickel,  thus 
freeing  the  flakes  of  cobalt^ or  oobalt-niokel  and  effect¬ 
ively  separating  the  same.  These  flakeB  may  now  be  used 
directly  in  the  make-up  of  the  battery  electrodes  or  they 
[may  be  first  annealed  in  hydrogen  before  such  use.  In  ap¬ 
plying  the  oobalt  or  oobajit-nickel  flakes  to  the  active 
partioles,  1  prefer  to  make  use  of  the  process  described 


At eiitZi-S"  xtr,  /  / 

wherein  the  active  particles  are  firBt 

ooated  with  a  sticky  material,  such  as  molasses  or  glucose, 
after  whioh  the  conducting  flakes  are  added,  and  will  be 
caused  to  adhere  to  the  surfaces  of  the  aotive  particles  to 
thereby  coat  the  Bame  in  the  most  effective  manner,  j]  If 


leslred,  instead  of  direotly  subjecting  the  composite  bod¬ 
ies  tb  the  aotiou  of  a  solvent  of  oopper,  such  as  cyanide 
of  po'tassj.um  bb  explained,  it  will  be  possible  to  subject 


the  oompo^ii\e  bodies  to  a  treatment  by  which  the  oopper 
will  be  aonVer^ed  to  a  soluble  oopper  salt,  after  which  the 
latter  will  be\|l^solved  by  a  solvent  thereof.  ThuB,  the 
composite  bodies  artfr  their  sub-diviBion  may  be  first  soak¬ 
ed  in  a  strong  solutx^h  of  sulphide  of  potash  or  soda  until 
all  of  the  metallio  copper  is  converted  to  the  sulphide 
thereof,  after  whioh  the  ma^s  is  washed  free  of  the  alka¬ 
line  Bulphide  and  is  then  subjected  to  a  bath  of  a  very 
strong  solution  of  oyanide  of  potassium,  until  the  copper 
sulphide  is  thoroughly  dissolved,  b^sb  to  separate  and 
segregate  the  oobalt  or  oobalt-niokel  r^Wces.  The  sulphide 
does  not  attack  the  cobalt. 


Having  now  desorlbed  my  invention,  what  I  olaim 
as  new  and  desire  to  secure  hy  Letters  Patent  1b  as 
follows 

1. -  The  process  of  making  films  or  flakeB  of  cohalt 
or  cobalt -niokel,  whioh  consists  in  depositing  on  a 
suitable  cathode  a  layer  or  film  of  copper,  then  in  de¬ 
positing  on  the  oopper  film  a  layer  or  film  of  oobalt^or 
oobalt-niokel,  and  in  finally  dissolving  the  deposited 
oopper  to  free  the  film  of  cobalt  or  oobalt-niokel,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 

2. -  The  prooess  of  making  films  or  flakes  of  co¬ 
balt  or  cobalt- nickel,  which  consists  in  depositing 
upon  a  suitable  cathode  a  layer  or  film  of  copper,  then 
in  depositing  on  the  oopper  a  layer  or  film  of  oobalt 

or  oobalt-niokel,  then  in  separating  the  composite  sheet 
from  the  cathode  and  in  finally  dissolving  the  deposited 
oopper  film  to  free  the  film  of  oobalt  or  cobalt-nickel, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

3. -  The  process  of  making  films  or  flakes  of  oobalt 
or  oobalt-niokel,  whioh  consists  in  depositing  upon  a 
suitable  oathode  a  layer  or  film  of  oopper,  then  in  de¬ 
positing  upo$  the  oopper  film  a  layer  or  film  of  oobalt 
or  oobalt-niokel,  then  in  separating  the  composite  sheet 
from  the  cathode,  then  in  outting  up  the  composite  sheet 
into  bodies  of  the  ultimate  shape  and  size  and  in  final¬ 
ly  dissolving  the  oopper  to  free  the  deposited  cobalt  or 
oobalt-niokel,  substantially  as  Bet  forth. 

4. -  The  process  of  making  films  or  flakes  of  oobalt 
or  oobalt-nickel,  whioh  oonslBts  in  depositing  irpon  a 
suitably  oathode  a  layer  or  film  of  a  soluble  metal,  then 

5. 


in  depositing  , on  the  soluble  film  a  layer  or  film  of  co¬ 
balt  or  oobalt-niokel,  then  in  separating  the  composite 
sheet  from  the  oathode,  then  in  cutting  up  the  composite 
sheet  into  bodies  of  the  ultimate  shape  and  Bize  and  in 
finally  dissolving  the  soluble  metal  to  free  the  flakes 
of  cobalt  or  oobalt-niokel,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

5. -  The  prooess  of  making  filmB  or  flakes  of  cobalts 
or  oobalt-niokel,  which  consists  in  depositing  upon  a 
suitable  oathode  successive  and  alternating  layers  of  oop- 
per  and  cobalt  or  oobalt-niokel,  and  in  finally  dissolving 
the  copper  to  free  the  films  of  cobalt  or  cobalt-nickel, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

6. -  The  prooess  of  making  films  or  flakes  of  oobalt 
or  oobalt-niokel,  which  consists  in  applying  graphite  to 
a  suitable  oathode,  then  in  depositing  a  layer  or  film  of 
oopper  thereon,  then  in  depositing  on  the  copper  film  a 
layer  or  film  of  oobalt  or  oobalt-niokel,  and  in  finally 
dissolving  the  oopper  €o  free  the  film  of  oobalt  or  oobalt- 
niokel,  substantially  aB  set  forth. 


7.-  The  prooess  of  making  films  or  flakeB  of  cobalt 
or  oobalt-niokel,  which  consists  in  depositing  upon  a 
suitable  oathode  a  layer  or  film  of  oopper,  then  in 
depositing  a  layer  or  film  of  oobalt. or  oobalt-niokel  on 
the  oopper  film,  and  in  finally  subjeoting  the  composite 
sheet  so  formed  to  the  action  of  a  oyanide  of  an  alkali  to 
dissolve  the  copper  and  free  the  deposited  oobalt  or  oobalt-] 
niokel,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


The  prooess  of  making  films  dr  flakes  of  oobalt 
or  oobalt^^okel7~~sdiioh  consists  in  depositing  on  a  suit¬ 
able  cathodeSa  layer  or  film^of-^jopper,  theh^ in  depositing 
a  layer  or  f link  of  oobalt  or  oobalt-nioke3 


copper 


Gbls  specification  signet)  ant)  witnessed  tbis  ^  %  &ap  of  /?'?•  190  -s ~~ 

Mitnesses: 

. . ^  -w _ 

2  (o  ~  /~.'J  _ 


©atb. 


State  of  mew  3ersep 
Count?  of  Essex 


thomas  alva  kdisob  ,  tbe  above  named 
petitioner,  being  bulp  sworn,  beposes  anb  saps  tbat  be  is  a  clti3en  of  tbeTTlniteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Llev.-el lyn  Park ,  Omnge ,  County  of  Ebook 
and  State  of  I few  Jorefty; 


tbat  be  verllp  believes  blmself  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  sole  inventor  of  tbe 
improvements  in  process  op  kakihg  metallic  pilmr  or  plakes, 


bescribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tbe  annexeb  specification;  tbat  be  boes  not  hnow  anb 
boes  not  believe  tbat  tbe  same  was  ever  fcnown  or  useb  before  bis  invention  or 
biscoverp  thereof;  orpatentebor  bescribeb  in  an?  printeb  publication  in  tbe 
Ifiniteb  States  of  Hmerica  or  an?  foreign  countr?  before  bis  invention  or 
biscover?  thereof,  or  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  patentee 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tbe  Tfiniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tbe 
TElniteb  States  for  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  tbis  application ;  anb  tbat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  saib  invention  bas  been  fileb  b?  bint  or  bis  legal 
representatives  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countr?. 


Sworn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  tbis  tS 


[Seal] 


United  States  Patent  Office, 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

C/o  Frank  L.  Dyor, 
Orange,  H-  J. 


to  find  brh 


imniniMon.  from  tii-c  EXAMINER  in 


Ja-uary  9,  1906. 


Cer.  Ho. 
"Process 


290,336,  filed  December  5 
of  Making  Metallic  Pi  lino 


Pape  4,  the  specification  should  set  forth  an -advantage  in 
the  alternative  step  of  converting  tho  copper  into  a  sulphide  pre¬ 
vious  to  dissolving  in  potassium  cyanide. 

Claim  6,  line  5,  the  word  sheet  should  bo  inserted  after  "com¬ 
posite". 

The  process  covered  by  claim  8  is  obviously  distinct  and  in¬ 
dependent  from  the  process,  covered  by  the  remaining  claims.  The 
claims  are  therefore  rejected,  and  action  upon  tho  merits  is  sus¬ 
pended. 

Ho  pertinent  references  appear  to  exist  in  tho  prior  art. 


Messrs.  Bacon  &  Milans, 

90B  -  G  Street, 

Washington,  B.C. 

Gentlemen 

I  enclose  amendment  in  application  of  ThomaB 
A.  Edison,  for  Process  of  Making  Metallic  Films  or  Flakes, 
filed  Deo crib er  5th,  190ufT Serial  Ho.  390,336,  Examiner's 
lioom  No.  175.  This  amendment  requires  to  be  filed  on  or 
before  January  9th,  1907.  Please  file  the  amendment  and 
advise  me  when  you  have  done  so. 

Yours  very  truly, 

FU)/AKK. 

Enc . 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON, 

Process  of  Making  Metallic  ) 

Films  or  Flakes,  ) 

)  Room  Ho.  175. 

Filed  December  5th,  1905,  •-  ) 

Serial  No.  290,336. 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

sir:  - 

Please  amend  as  follows 

Page  3,  line  18,  the  word  "oomposuto”  should  be  - 
composite. 

Pago  4,  lines  12  and  13,  erase  "application  for 
Letter*  Patent,  filed  March  30th,  Serial  No.  252,931"  and 
substitute  -  patent  dated  December  25th,  1906,  numbered 
839,371.  Same  page,  beginning  with  the  word  "If",  line  17 
erase  through  the  bottom  of  the  page. 

Canoel  claim  8. 

-  REMARKS- 

Applieant  has  cancelled  the  matter  on  page  4,  be¬ 
cause  he  does  not  oonsider  it  so  desirable  to  oarry  on  the 
prooess  suggested  therein  by  first  converting  the  copper 
to  a  soluble  Balt  thereof.  Applioant  considers  it  better 
to  dissolve  the  copper  in  the  first  instance,  rather  than 
tocomplloate  the  prooesB  by  introducing  the  additional 
step  of  converting  the  metallic  copper  to  a  copper  salt . 

Of  course,  such  an  expedient  could  be  adopted  and  would  be 
covered  by  the  broad  language  of  the  claims,  but  applicant 


cannot  perceive  any  advantage  in  following  it,  and  it  haB 
therefore  been  considered  better  to  erase  this  matter,  to¬ 
gether  with  the  claim  rolating  to  the  same. 

Very  respectfully, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON, 

By 

//  x. 

Orange,  How  Jersey,  Hia  Attorney. 

December  29th,  1906. 


BACON  &  MILANS, 

ATTORNEYS  AND  SOLICITORS  IN  PATENT  CAUSES, 

NO.  908  G  STREET,  NORTHWEST. 

(ROOMS,  410-416.) 

WASHINGTON.  D.  O . DSC. . 31., . 1.90.6., . 

Prank  L,  Dyer,  Esq, , 

Orange,  N.  J. 

Dear  Sir: 

We  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  29th  instant, 
enclosing  amendment  in  application  of  Thos.  A,  Edison,  for  pro¬ 
cess  of  making  metallic  films  or  flakes,  filed  Dec.  5,  190^ 

Sr,  No.  390,336,  The  amendment  was  filed  in  the  Patent 
Office  today  and  received  the  date  of  Dec.  31st. 

Yours  very  truly. 


AMOUNT  CHARGE. 

Date . 

Attorneys  . .  / 

Items  <?■ .  I 

. 

c 7,LA  (*-***j . oc^>, . 

. 

Amount  fl/t.  &  0 . 


BACON  &  MILANS. 


ORAirr,;,  »rsw  JERSEY-,  January  17,  1907 


H01!0PJVRI,E  COM'ISSrOB'EE  OR  PATEI'TS , 

WAfVJiroTor,  r.  a. 


Sir  :  — 


In  reference  to  application  for  letters 
patent  filed  pec ember  5,  lf05,  aerial  IVo. 290,336,  for 
PROCRSS  03’  milTG  UKXAXJ20  P1LKS  OR  STAKES,  X  hereby 
abandon  tlie  Buid  application  (  but  not  the  invention  deBCrib 
ed  and  claimed  therein)  in  favor  of  an  application  similar¬ 
ly  entitled,  which  I  have  oxeouted  on  oven  date  herewith. 

3'y  object  in  abandoning  the  said  application 
and  in  filing  a  new  application  on  the  same  invention,  is 
for  the  purpose  of  specifically  referring  to  the  fact  that 
the  process  may  be  used  for  the  production  of  nickel  films. 
To  a  chemist,  I  believe  this  fact  would  be  instantly  per¬ 
ceived  since  the  application  specifically  refers  to  the 
making  of  cobalt  films  and  to  the  making  of  cobalt-nickel 
films,  but  rather  than  to  incur  any  risk  whatever  I  will, 
on  advice  of  counsel,  file  a  new  application  in  which  the 
manufacture  of  nickel  films  is  specifically  referred  to 
and  the  claims  are  correspondingly  changed  to  include  the 
same. 

Very  reapactfully, 

dJLv^.  $  _ 


In  presence  of: 


Applicant.^^^^ 


Assignee. _ ; _ 

Ass’  g’t  Exec. _ i Recorded _ Liber! _ Page. 


Patent  No. _  Issued. 


petition 


Go  tbe  Commissioner  of  [patents : 

Kour  (petitioner  thomas  alva  Edison  , 

a  citt3en  of  tbe  Glniteb  States,  resibing  anb  having  a  [Post  ©ffice  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  in  the  County  of  Ebbs*  and  State  of 
New  Jereey, 

prass  that  letters  patent  \\m  be  granteb  to  bini  for  tbe  improvements  in 


STORAGE  BATTER?  RH3EPTACLE8 


set  fortb  in  tbe  annereb  specification ;  anb  be  hereby  appoints  Ifraitf?  X.  ®?er 
(IRegistration  mo.  560),  of  JEbison  laboratory  ©range,  mew  3ersey  bis 
attorney,  with  full  power  of  substitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosecute  tbis 
application,  to  mafte  alterations  anb  amenbments  therein,  to  receive  tbe  patent, 
anb  to  transact  all  business  in  tbe  patent  ©ffice  connecteb  therewith. 


-specification- 

TO  AIL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCEHN: 

Bo  it  known  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON, 
a  oitiaen  of  the  United  State*  and  a  resident  of  Llew¬ 
ellyn  Park,  Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  8tate  of 
New  Jereey,  have  invented  certain  new  and  useful  improve¬ 
ments  in  STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACLES,  of  which  the  follow¬ 
ing  is  a  description:  .  _  ////# 

This  application  is  a  devfinkon^bf  an  applica¬ 
tion  filed  November  28,  1902,  Serial  No.  133,112, 

'  -7,^/uuW  /Vo.  >/j>  «/,  7u*y->,/?e 

j  My  invention  relates  to  improvements  in  storage 

■batteries  and  more  particularly  to  the  provision  of  a 
battery  oan  or  reoejtaole  having  an  opening  through  whioh 

Ithe  solution  of  aotive  material  or  water  may  be  introduoed 
from  time  to  time  to  replenish  the  battery  and  means  for 
oloslng  the  same  tightly  against  leakage,  and  oapable  of 
being  readily  opened  whenever  desired  to  introduoe  the  so¬ 
lution.  With  these  ends  in  view  my  invention  consists  in 
the  features  hereinafter  deBoribed  and  claimed. 

Referenoe  is  hereby  made  to  the  accompanying  draw-: 
ing  ^n  whioh  Plgure  1  1b  a  side  elevation  partly  in  seotlon 
of  a  storage  battery  to  which  my  invention  is  applied,  and 
Pigure  2  is  a  plan  view  of  the  same,  the  section  line  of 
Plgure  1  being  indicated  at  the  line  1-1. 

The  oan  1,  is  generally  reotangular  as  shown, 
being  formed  preferably  of  thin  sheet  steel  whioh  has 
been  oarefully  niokel-plated  so  as  to  prevent  oxidation, 
particularly  in  an  alkaline  solution,  but  obviously  other 
materials  oan  be  used  if  desired.  The  top  3  is  provided 
with  an  upturned  flange  4  having  a  return  flange  15  so  as  to 
- T - .. - 1, _ _ _ _ ^ 


reoeive  the  upper  end  of  the  oan.  After  the  top  has  heen 
placed  in  position  spider  may  "be  applied  to  the  Joint 
between  the  bottom  of  the  flange  5,  and  the  upper  end  of  the 
oan  so  ae  to  make  a  perfeotly  tight  Joint.  By  employing  j 
a  top  of  this  oharacter  the  oan  ie  strengthened  at  its  up-; 
per  end  from  both  expanding  and  oompressing  strains,  so 
that  the  Joint  will  at  all  times  be  perfeotly  air  tight. 

The  top  3  is  provided  with  an  opening  in  whioh  a  sleeve 
or  bushing  38  is  secured  by  upsetting  the  metal  of  the 
top  3  to  form  a  bead  39  engaging  a  reoesB  23  in  said  /■ 

sleeve,  thus  making  a  very  tight,  substantial,  durable  and 
cheap  Joint  whioh  requires  no  Bolder  whatever,  although  it 


may  be  used. 

Surrounding  the  sleeve  38  near  its  upper  end  is 
a  ring  40  oarrying  a  hinge  41  for  a  lid  42,  the  latter 
having  a  rubber  packing  43  engaging  an  inclined  seat 
44  at  the  mouth  of  the  sleeve  38.  The  lid  42  is  looked 

40 .'and. -the  hinge  41  is  provided  with  a  ooiled  spring  46 
of  oommon  construction,  so  as  to  automatically  open  the 
lid  when  the  yoke  is  unlatohed.  By  providing  the  rubber 
paoking  a  perfeotly  tight  Joint  is  scoured  at  all  timeB, 
while  by  merely  unlatching  the  yoke  the  lid  will  bo  auto¬ 
matically  opened  to  permit  of  a  filling  operation. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  1  olaim 
as  new  and  desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent  is  as  follows: 


A  storage  ‘vAtery^cian  or  reoeptaole  having  a 
filling  tube  at  the  toVof  the  oan  and  a  lid  hinged  to 
said  tube ,  substantially Vk  set  forth. 

^27-  Aystorage  battery  oan  or  reoeptaole  having  a 
\  oodjtzjkCMtJ&U 

.lling  tube  tft  the  top  of  the  oan,  ^  lid  hinged  to  said 


''(ft' t^&^and  a  spring  for  opening  said  lid,  substantially! 
i}‘  set  forth. 


^  A  storage\baVtery  can  or  reoeptaole  having  k  fill- 

ing  tube  at  the  top  \f  the  oan,  a  lid  hinged  to  said  tube, 
and  a  yoke  for  looking'sol^d  lid  in  its  closed  position,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth.  \\ 

■4.-  A  storage  battVry  oan  or  racepfcaole  having 
opening,  a  bushlhg  or  sle\ve  secured  therein  and  having 
valve  seat,  a  pivol 


ooveA  valve  normally  resting  upon 
said  seat  and  means  N£or  holding  said  valve  upon  said  peat, 
set  forth. 


substantially 

A  storai 


battery  can  or  reoeptaole  having 


opening,  a  bushin  secured  therein  and  jiayjiR  a 


eaid  seat  ' and  means  for  >^ening  said  cover  valve  when] 

■fl<|  holding  means  is  released^Saubstantially 

r  A  storage'Ntettery  oan  or  receptacle  having 

opening,  a  bushing  having  a  valve  seat  and  secured  injj 
!  opening,  a  ring  appliedVo  said  bushing  and  a  cover  vplve 

,  pivoted  to  said  ring,  substantially  aB  Bet  forth. 

J Si  Ou^  I  ?/**/,. 

QyaeV°  “^y^-  A  storage  battery  oan  or  reoeptaole  having 
openlngy  a  bushing  having  a  valVe  seat  and  seoured  in|| 
opening, \  ring  applied  to 
?//4t  pivoted  to  paid  ring,  and  .a^i 

valve,  /  substantially  sb  set  forth, 


A  Btorage  bat t ery "oan^r  reoeptaole  having  I 


& 


opening,  a  bushing  having  a  valve  seat  and  secured  in'  said 
opening-,  a  ring  applied  t o "saldjbushing ,  a  cover  valvJ  piv¬ 
oted  .to  said  ring,  a  spring  for  openlng^said  oover  vaLve 


and  means  for  holding  said  valve  in  a  closed  position)!, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


XEbis  specification  signeb  anb  witnessed  this  t>  bap  of  &  -> 


~<2-Jl.<sl^a^d  »  &>CCL 

Witnesses : 


Qatb. 


State  of  mew  3ersep 
Count?  of  Essex 


thomas  alva  edi  son  ,  tbe  above  narneb 

petitioner,  being  bulp  sworn,  beposes  anb  saps  tbat  be  is  a  cit(3en  of  tbe  iriniteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Llewellyn  Paxl£,  Orange,  in  the  County  of 
Ebbox  and  State  of  Now  Jereey; 

tbat  be  verllp  believes  bimself  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  sole  inventor  of  tbe 
improvements  in 

STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACLE 

bescribeb  anb  clalmeb  in  tbe  annexeb  specification;  tbat  be  boes  not  fcnow  anb 
boes  not  believe  tbat  tbe  same  was  ever  ftnown  or  useb  before  bis  invention  or 
biscoverp  thereof;  orpatentebor  bescribeb  in  an?  prlnteb  publication  in  tbe 
Tliniteb  States  of  America  or  an?  foreign  countr?  before  bis  invention  or 
biscover?  thereof,  or  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  this  application ;  or  patenteb 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tbe  Wniteb  States  on  an  application  fiieb  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  this  application ;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tbe 
IHniteb  States  for  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  this  application ;  anb  tbat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  saib  invention  has  been  fiieb  b?  bim  or  bis  legal 
representatives  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countr?. 


Sworn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  this  &  ba?  of  190  .s  — 

~7f  % _ 

Iwotarp, public. 


[Seal] 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 
T.  A.  Edison,  Washington,  d.  c„ 

C/o  r.  X,.  Dyer, 

Orange,  17 .  J. 


Please  find  below  a  oommwniaatlon  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  .afcijpUi:  application., 

Ho.  290,712,  filed  Deo,  7,  1905,  "Storage  Battery  ReiTeptacles" . 


Co  n  of  Patents. 


Claims  1,  4,  and  9  are  rejected  on  each  of  the  patents  to: 

C*#fin,  Sl93,321^  July  24,  1877  (C .C . .fasteners, Bar) . 

Duhdbn,v418,86?yjan.  7,  1890  (Tank  Clo.). 

Snyder,  i424, 768, yMar.  19,  1872  (Same  class). 

Claims  2  and  5  are  rejected  on  the  patent  to: 

Rider,  ^125, 220,  t4pr.  2,  1872  ( Bar  re  Is,  Bungs ) . 

Claim  3  is  rejected  on  the  patent  to: 

Iiloyd, ^750 ,470, ^an  .  26,  1904  (Tank  Clo.). 

Claim  6  is  rejected  on  the  patent  to  Coffin,  supra. 

Claims  7  and  8  are  rejected  on  the  patent  to  Coffin,  taken  with 
the  patent  to  Rider,  supra. 

Claim  101s  rejected  on  each  of  the  patents  to  Snyder,  Dundon 
and  Coffin,  all  of  record,  taken  with  the  valve  seAt  feature  shown 
in  the  patent  to:  j 

McH airy,  ^09, 239,  Aug.  16,  1898  (C.C.  .ffas.  ,Bar)  . 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  (OTICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

STORAGE  RATTERS'  RECEPTACLES  5 
Piled  December  7,1908  ) 

Serial  No.  290,712  j 


Room  Ho.  148 


HONORABLE  COIiM  SSI  OHER  OP  PAT  ffilTS 
S  I  3t  :  - 

Replying  t,o  Office  action 

of  Jay  4,  1900,  please  amend  tlx  above  entitled  case  as 
follows: 

Cancel  claims  1,  'A,  4,  9  and  10. 

Claim  2,  line  2,  change  "a"  to  -  an  outwardly 
movable  - . 

Claim  5,  line  e ,  cancel  “cover  valve  normally 
resting"  and  insert  in  place  thereof  -  outwardly  movable 
cover  valve,  means  for  holding  said  valve 
Renumber  the  claims. 

RE  PARKS  - 


Claims  1  and  2  clearly  distinguish  from  the  refer¬ 
ence  in  that  they  specify  an  outwardly  movable  lid  or 
cover  valve.  In  the  reference  the  lid  moves  inwardly, 
furthermore  the  spring  in  the  reference  is  for  the  purpose 
of  moving  the  valve  B  into  dosed  position,  whereas  in 
applicant's  device  Ifa  e  spring  is  for  opening  the  valve. 

It  is  obvious  that  in  the  claimed  structures  the 


valve  oan  be  very  readily  opened,  such  being  its  normal 
position,  whereas  in  the  reference  the  valve  is  difficult 


to  open  and  is  normally  closed  so  that  it  it:  necessary 
to  hold  the  same  open  in  8 cm©  manner  when  it  is  desired 
to  introduce  liquid  into  the  receptacle . 

Claims  3,  4  and  5  specify  a  bushing  having  a  valve 
seat,  a  ring  applied  to  tmid  ‘bushing  and  a  cover  valve 
pivoted  to  said  ring.  This  ppecifio  structure  is  not 
found  in  any  of  the  references  and  it  is  ‘believed  that 
claims  covering  the  same  should  he  allowed  since  it 
provides  a  very  simple  and  useful  device  for  the  purposes 
sot  forth. 

Respectfully  submitted . 

THOJiAS  A.  EDISON 


his  attorney 

Orange,  New  jersey 
September  1906. 


2-200. 


department  or  the  interior, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„  JfOl 

Thomas  A,  Edison, 

c/o  Irani:  L.  Dyer, 

Edison  Laboratory, 

Orange,  IT.  J. 

Pleaete  "find  below  o.  eom.mun.Uta.tiou  from,  the  EXAMINER  in  ehnrge  of'  your  app/Jefttion, , 

S.  No.  890,712,  filod  Deo.  7,  1905,  Storage  Battery  Receptacles. 


This  action  is  in  response  to  amendment  filed  Sept.  13, 

1906. 

.Claims  1  and  2  are  rejected  on  the  patent  to 
Snyder,  148, {>95,  Mdh.  3,  1874,  (Tonic  Attachments), 
tolcen  7/ith  tire  patent  to 

Epstein,  657,267,  Sept,  14,  1900,  (B.C.  Hinges  Spring). 
This  patent  to  Snydor  ia  cited  in  lieu  of  the  Snyder 
patent,  124,768,  es  this  patent  shown  more  clearly  the  structure 
claimed.  It  is  old  ond  common  to  use  springs  for  bhth  throwing 
the  cover  open  end  to  Keep  it  closed.  Tiro  mere  addition  of  a 
spring  to  an  old  form  of  saeissg  closure  is  not  deemed  to  he  a 
matter  of  invention. 

Claims  3,  4  and  5  remain  under  the  rejection  of  record. 
They  are  aLso  rejected  on  the  patent  to 

Oppl,  527,123,  Oct;  9,  1884,  (Tanks,  Transporting  Vehicles) 
taken  with  the  patent  to  Epstein,  of  record. 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPIOE. 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACLES  j 

:  Rooi 

Piled  December  7,  1905  ) 

Serial  Ho.  290,712  ) 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATKtfTS : 
SIB:- 


Replying  to  Office  letter  of  November 
8,  1906,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as  follows: 
Cancel  claim  1. 

Renumber  claims  2,  3,  4  and  5  as  1,  2,  3  and  4. 
Add  the  following,  as  claim  5: 


L 


-3  A  storage  battery  can  or  reoeptacle  having  an 

opening  in  its  top,  a  bushing  having  a  valve  seat  and  secur¬ 
ed  in  said  opening,  a  ring  applied  to  the  exterior  of  said 
bushing,  a  cover  valve  pivoted  to  said^rjjg-,  a  Bpring 
for  opening  said  cover  valve  and  means^ori^Baid'ring  for 
holding  said  valve  in  a  closed  position,  s  ub  s  t  anti  all  y^aB\ 
set  forth.  -  _  P)  -  /  2.  *•  3 


REMARKS  - 


The  claims  in  this  oa;;e  have  been  rejected  upon 
a  number  of  patents,  concerning  which  the  most  that  can 
be  said  is  that  they  disclose  in  various  relations  the 
greater  part  of  the  elements  which  make  up  applicant's 
device.  But  no  one  of  these  patentB  or  any  combination 
thereof,  would  suggest  the  devioe  of  this  application 


1. 


It  is  believed  that  the  claims  as  presented  are 


allowable  over  the  art  as  stated  and  allowance  iB  respect¬ 
fully  requested. 

THOMAS  A.  EDI  SOU 


'  |  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

l  5  rrv-  1 

A.t  United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  d.  c.,  August  15,  3907. 

Thomas  A.  "Edison, 

C/o  Prank  I, ,  Dyer , 

Edison  Laboratory,  Orange,  H.  J. 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from,  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  "Storage  Battory  Receptacles" ,  filed  Dec*  7,  1905,  Serial 
llo.  290,712. 

_  _  Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Tliis  action  is  in  response  to  amendment  filed  July  2,  1907 
Claims  1,  2,  3  and  4  remain  under  the  rejection  of  record. 
Hew  cHaim  5  is  rejected  on  the  references  of  record. 


TOOTED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


j  Tliomaa  A.  Edison 
STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACLES 
|  Filed  Deoember  7,  190S 
Serial  No.  290,712 


Room  No.  146 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS! 

SIR!  -  - 

In  response  to  Office 

action  of  August  IB,  1907,  please  amend  the  above  entitled 
case  as  follows: 

Cancel  Claims  1,  2  and  3,  and  substitute  the 
following  as  Claim  1:  r  ,  , 

A^sjorage  battery  can  or  receptacle  having  an 


opening,  a  "oiishing^having  a  valve  seat  and  secured  in 
said  opening,  a  ringappligd  to  said  hushing,  a  cover 
valve  pivoted  to  said  ring,  and'£'~-latching  means  pivoted 
to  said  ring,  and  co-acting  with  an  extensfen-^f  said 
cover  valve,  substantially  set  forth. 

Renumber  Claim  4  as  Claim  2,  and  after  "position1 
in  line  5,  insert  -  comprising  a  looking  means  attached  to 
said  ring,  and  co-acting  with  said  cover  valve  -  . 

Renumber  Claim  5  as  Claim  3.  Line  5  of  Baid 
Claim,  after  "means"  insert  -  pivoted  -  . 


Add  the  following  claim: 


°  (4)  A  can  B^recepiacle  having  ^nopening  in  its 
top,  and  having  the  metal  forming  the  edgb^of  said  opening 


(1) 


bent  into *a bead,  a  bussing  provided  with  a  circumferential 


Ova  bei 
ngageci 


reoess  engageikby  said  b'ead  to  secure\said  bushing  in 
place  in  said  opening,  and  a  lid  hinged  to.  said  bushing, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

-REMARKS  - 


The  olaims  have  been  amended  in  view  of  the 
references,  and  in  their  present  condition,  are  thought 
to  be  allowable.  .  Hew  Claim  4  la  also  thought  to  be 
allowable,  since  none  of  the  references  disclose  the 
method  of  mounting  the  bushing  here  claimed. 

Respectfully  submitted, 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON 


HiB  Attorney. 


August  /©  ,  1908, 


s—zoo. 


Dlv . ZZ  Room .  278  ""  Paper  No . .2... 


t>tP21  1908  |  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 


iVl  A I  L_ELD.  j  United  States  Patent  office, 

1  WASHINGTON,  D.  c.,  Sept.  21,  1908. 


Thomas  A,  Edison, 

c/o  Prank  !■«  Oyer, 

Edison  lahratory ,  Orange,  H.  JT. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  "Storage  Battery  Receptacles",  filed  Dec.  7,  1906,  Serial 
Ho.  290,712. 


Response  to  anendment  filed  Aug.  u,  1908. 

Hcrar  olaim  1  is  rejeoted  on  Ihe  references  of  reocrd. 

Claims  2  and  3,  as  amended,  are  rajeoted  on  the  references 
of  reoord. 

Claim  4  is  rojeoted  on  the  patent  to  Shepherd,  351, < 

Oct.  26,  1886,  (Casks),  taken  with  the  patait  to  Snyder,  148,095, 
of  reoord. 


M 


(1) 


references  discloses  the  construction  of  a  hushing  having 
a  ring  applied  thereto,  a  valvo  pivoted  to  the  ring,  and 
latching  means  also  pivoted  to  the  ring  and  co-ucting 
with  the  cover.  This  construction  is  claimed  in  Claims 
1,  2  and  3*  Claim  4  submitted  by  applicant' s  last  anend-j 
mcnt  was  not  met  in  the  references,  in  that  they  did  not 
show  a  receptacle  having  an  opening,  the  metal  forming  j 
the  edge  of  which  was  bent  into  a  bead.  This  claim  haB, 
however,  been  rewritten  to  include  a  number  of  other 
limitations  and  is  undoubtedly  patentable.  If  the  Examiner 
should  still  be  of  the  opinion  that  Claims  1,  2  and  3 
are  met  in  the  references  of  record,  he  is  requested  to 
apply  the  name  to  the  claims.  The  construction  of  the 
ring  having  the  valve  and  latching  moans  pivoted  thereto 
is  thought  to  be  novel,  simple  and  efficient. 

Re  spe  c  tf ully  subrni 1 1  ed . 

THOMAS  A.  EDISOK 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
September  //7  ,  1909. 


IRTMENT 


INTERIOR, 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  d.  c.,  October  B,  1909. 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  . . 

c/o  Frank  L.  Byer,. .  v 

:  •  .1  OCT  5  1-vi  ••  !,  ■ 

.  .  i't  Orange,  If,  J.  • 

■■'  ■■■ 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

290,712  filed  Bee.  7,  1900  for  .  Storage  nattery  ReooptacleB. 


This  is  in  response  to~  amendment  of  Sept.  IB,  1909. 

In  claim  1  "extension"  has  no  anteoedent. 

Claim  4  is  rejected  as  an  aggregation,  there  being  no  co¬ 
ordination  between  the  speoifio  head  and  groove  means  of  scouring 
the  hushing  in  the  opening  and  applicant's  specific  style  of 
oover  valve  closure. 

;  The  other  clninn  may  prohahly  he  allowed. 


Exaininor. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPE ICE 

Thomas  A.  Edison  ! 

STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACLES  J 

Room  Ho.  148. 

Piled  December  7i  19^5  J 

Serial  No.  290,712 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  Ootober 
5,  1909,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows: 

Page  1  of  the  specification,  line  8,  insert  at 
the  end  of  the  line  -  whioh  has  matured  into  Letters  Pat¬ 
ent  No.  852,424,  granted  May  7,  1907  -  • 

Canoel  Claim  1  and  rewrite  bb  follows:  - 


A  storage  battery  can  c 


iceptaole  having  an 


opening,  a  bUBhing  having  a  valve  seat  and  secured  in 
said  opening,  a  ring'applled  to  Bald  bUBhing,  a  cover 
valve  pivoted  to  said  ring  and  having  an  extension,  and 
a  latohing  means  pivoted  to  said  ring  and  c'oac.ting^with  4 
said  extension  of  said  cover  valve,  substantially  as  set^^ 


Claim  4,  line  6,  insert  -  and  -  after  "bUBhing". 
Line  7,  canoel  "a  spring  for".  Canoel  all  of  llneB  8  and 
9  and  oancel  line  10  through  "valve". 


(1) 


REMARKS 

Reoonsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 

Claim  1  has  been  rewritten  to  overcome  the  formal  objection 
of  the  Examiner  that  the  term  "extension"  had  no  ante¬ 
cedent.  Certain  elements  of  the  combination  in  Claim  4 
have  been  canceled  in  order  to  remove  any  possible  object¬ 
ion  that  the  claim  is  sin  aggregation  therefrom.  It  is 
thought  that  the  claim  in  itB  present  form  is  patentable 
over  the  references. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

By _ 


Oot.  3rd,  1910. 


His  Attorney 


DEPARTMENT  OP  THE  INTERIOR 
J  NIT  ED  STATES  PATENT  OPPIOE 
WASHINGTON 


Thomao  A.  Edison, 

c/o  Prank  L.  Dyer, 

r  Orange,  3T.  ,T. 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  i\ 


Hoyprip,or,.i&,  1910. 

^  ffiW  5  1*’:'  j 


charge  of  your  application. 


29Q,712  filed  nee.  7,  1905  for  storage  ^atteiy Receptacles. 


Responsive  to  anondnent.  of  October  4,  1910. 

The  oath  in  this. case  is  informal  according  to  Rules  of 
Practice,  #47,  which  forbids  the  ac'  nowledgment  being  taken  by 
any  attorney  appearing  in  the  case.  A  now  oath  is  required. 

The  claims  are  thought  to  contain  nothing  patentable  over 
the  art  of  record,  in  view  of  the  use  of  a  separate  ring  on  which 
to  mount  the  cover  and  locking  bar  as  illustrated  by  the  following 
patents: - 

■gcCormick,  ot  al,  554,344,  Fob.  11,  1896,  (137-4) 

Linioh,  608,613,  Aug.  9,  1898,  (137-28) 

Lewis,  526,785,  Oct.  2,  1894,  (Vulcanizing  Apparatus) 
the 

To  no  modify  the  closures  shown  by/Rnyder  patents  of  record 
would  not  be  invention.  The  use  Sf  a  spring  has  been  shown  as 
old  and  might  be  added  without  involving  inventive  skill. 

Claim  4  is  still  rejected  as  an  aggregation,  as~ there  1b  no 
coaction  whatever  between  the  closure  mounted  on  a  ring  and  the 
specific  bead  and  recess  engagement  for  securing  the  bushing  to 
the  receptacle.  Rcckendorfer  vs.  Faber,  0.  B.  1876,  vol.  10, 
p.  71. 


t^ezz 


■Examiner, 


IK  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  : 

STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACLES  : 

Room  No.  148 

Piled  Deoember  7,  1905  ; 

Serial  No.  290,712  ; 

HONORABLE  COULSI  SSI  ONER  OP  PATENTS 

SIR: 

In  partial  response  to  Office  action 
of  November  5,  1910,  a  new  oath  is  enclosed  herewith  to 
be  filed  in  the  oaBe  to  take  the  place  of  the  oath  which 
the  Examiner  declares  to  be  informal.  An  amendment  in 
response  to  the  Examiner’s  action  upon  the  claims  will 
later  be  made. 

Respectfully, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

By _ 

His  Attorney 


Orange,  N.  J. 
November  17th,  1910 


OATH 


State  of  Hew  Jersey  ) 

:  as. : 

County  of  Essex  ) 

THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON,  the  above 
named  petitioner,  being  duly  sworn,  deposes  and  says  that 
he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  StateB,  and  a  resident  of 
Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  State 
of  Hew  Jersey;  that  he  verily  believes  himself  to  be  the 
original,  first  and  sole  inventor  of  the  improvements  in 
STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACEESdesoribed  and  claimed  in  the 
specification  of  application  Serial  Ho.  290,712,  filed 
Deoembor  7,  1905;  that  he  does  not  know  and  does  not  be¬ 
lieve  that  the  same  was  ever  known  or  used  before  hiB  in¬ 
vention  or  discovery  thereof;  or  patented  or  described  in 
any  printed  publication  in  the  United  States  of  America  or 
any  foreign  country  before  his  invention  or  discovery 
thereof,  or  more  than  two  years  prior  to  said  application; 
or  patented  in  any  country  foreign  to  the  United  States  on 
an  application  filed  more  than  twelve  months  prior  to  the 
said  application;  or  in  public  ubo  or  on  Bale  in  the 
United  States  for  more  than  two  years  prior  to  said  appli¬ 
cation;  and  that  no  application  for  patent  upon  said  in¬ 
vention  has  been  filed  by  him  or  his  legal  representatives 
or  assigns  in  any  foreign  country. 


Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me 
this  day  of  si  &Y-  ,  1910. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 
STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACLES  j 
Filed  Deoembar  7,  1905  ) 
Serial  No.  290,712  j 


Room  No.  148. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  response  to  the  Office  notion  of 
November  5,  1910,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  applica¬ 
tion  as  follows :- 


Page  2,  line  18,  after  "yoke"  insert  -  or  latoh  - 
Same  page,  line  19,  oanoel  "and",  and  insert  a  period  after 
"40".  After  the  period  thus  inserted  insert  as  a  oom- 
plete  sentenoe  -  The  lid  42  has  an  extension  42'  with  a 
oam  sitrfaoe  for  oo-operation  with  the  latoh  45.  -  .  Same 
line,  ohange  "the"  before  "hinge"  to  -  The  -  . 

Add  the  following  claims:- 


V//  A 


A  storage  battery  oan  or  reoeptaole  having  an 
opening ^a^-bushing  having  a  valve  seat  and  seoured  in  said 
opening,  a  ring'^applied  to  sAid  bushing,  a  oover  valve 
pivoted  to  said  rdng^nd  having  an  extension  with  a  oam 
surface,  and  a  latohlng^means  pivoted  to  said  ring  and 
ooaoting  with  the  oam  surfaoe  of<the  extension  of  the  oover 
valve,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

6.  A  storage  battery  oan  or  reoeptaoleNhaving  an 
opening,  a  bushing  having  a  valve  seat  and  seouredMn  said 


fl) 


opening,  a  ring  applied  to  aaid  bushing,  a  oover  valve 
pivoted  to  said  ring  and  having  an  extension  with  a  oam 
surfaoe,  a  spring  tending  to  move  the  oover  valve  to  open 
position,  and  a  latohing  means  pivoted  to  said  ring  and 
adapted  to  ooaot  with  the  oam  surfaoe  of  the  extension  of 
j|  the  oover  valve  to  hold  the  said  oover  valve  olosed,  sub- 
'■  stantially  as  desoribed.  -  ^ 

:  REMARKS 

The  Examiner  is  requested  to  apply  the  referenoe 
oharaoter  42'  to  the  extension  with  a  oam  surfaoe  of  the 
lid  42  in  Figure  1. 

Reconsideration  of  the  rejeotion  of  Claims  1  to 
4  inolusive  is  requested.  In  the  rejeotion  of  these  olaims 
the  Examiner  apparently  relies  principally  upon  the  Snyder 
patents  taken  with  the  patents  to  MoCormiok  et  al.,  linioh, 
and  Lewis.  The  Snyder  patents  show  man-hole  oovers  for 
oil  tanks  and  do  not  show  structures  whioh  it  is  believed 
would  be  suitable  for  use  on  battery  oans.  The  looking 
means  shown  in  Snyder  is  oomplioated,  and  the  whole  appar¬ 
atus  is  of  a  oharaoter  applioable  to  large  and  heavy  struc¬ 
tures.  These  patents  do  not  show  springs  for  opening  the 
oovers,  and  there  1b  nothing  in  them  to  suggest  the  use  of 
springs  for  this  purpose.  In  fact,  none  of  the  references 
of  reoord  shows  the  use  of  a  spring  for  opening  the  oover 
in  apparatus  similar  to  that  diBolosed  by  applioant.  The 
patent  to  Linioh  shows  a  pipe  joint  and  oonneotion,  and  also 
neans  for  olosing  or  sealing  the  end  of  the  pipe.  It  is 
lot  believed  that  this  patent  has  any  bearing  on  applicant's 
Lnvention.  The  patent  to. MoCormiok  et  al;  shows  a  olean- 


out  valve  having  a  rather  oomplioated  olosing  and  seouring 
mechanism  for  the  oover  which  is  very  different  from  that 
disclosed  and  claimed  by  applicant.  The  patent  to  lewis 
shows  a  oover  for  a  dental  vuloaniser  and  means  for  holding 
the  Bane  in  dosed  position.  In  this  patent,  the  oover  is 
not  hinged  and.  is  entirely  separate  and  distinot  from  the 
meohanism  for  holding  it  dosed. 

Applicant  has  invented  a  storage  battery  oan  pro¬ 
vided  with  a  simple  and  efficient  devioe  capable  of  being 
easily  opened  for  filling  the  oan  and  of  being  easily  and 
seourely  dosed  after  the  oan  has  been  filled.  None  of  the 
references  shows  a  storage  battery  oan  or  reoeptade  pro¬ 
vided  with  snoh  a  devioe. 

New  Claims  5  and  6  are  believed  to  be  patentable 
over  the  references  of  reoord  for  the  reasons  stated  above , 
and  beoause  of  the  additional  limitation  of  the  oam  surface 
upon  the  extension  of  the  oover  valve. 

Reconsideration  of  the  rejection  of  Claim  4  as 
an  aggregation  is  requested.  The  olaim  oovers  a  unitary 
structure,  and  the  bead  and  reoess  engagement  for  securing 
the  bushing  to  the  reoeptade  is  of  particular  utility  in 
a  structure  of  the  character  described.  All  of  the  element! 
recited  oo-operate  in  the  structure,  and  the  oase  is  not 
believed  to  be  parallel  to  that  of  the  lead  ponoil  provided 
with  an  eraser  passed  upon  in  Reokendorfer  v.  Faber  cited 
by  the  Examiner.  In  this  oase  two  instruments  were  pro¬ 
vided  with  a  ooramon  handle,  and  when  one  of  the  instruments 
was  in  use,  the  other  was  o.ut  of  ubs.  Such  is  not  the  oase 
in  applicant's  structure. 


(3) 


If  the  Examiner  should  reject  any  of  these  olaims 
again,  ha  is  requested  to  indicate  just  which  of  the  many 
referenoes  cited  in  the.  reo.or.d  he  relies  upon  as  anticipat¬ 
ing  aaoh  rejeotod  olaim.  __  _ 

Beoonsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 

Hespeot fully  submitted, 

.  THOMAS  A.  EDISOH 
By  — /c:  ^ 

His  Attorney 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey 
Ootober  St  1911. 


-1  I ' 

7-  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  WASHINGTON  __  November  17,  1911. 

o/o 


Please  find  hole 

290,71:2,  filed  -nee.  7,  1905  for  Ftorago  battery  Receptacles. 


Responsive  to  ainondnent  of  '7ov.  1,  1911. 

Claims  1  to  4  are  rejected  on  the  references  and  for  the 
reasons  of  record. 

Claims  5  and  6  are  rejected  on  the  art  of  record  in  view  of 
the  latch  operating  over  a  can  surface  of  an  extending  bar  in  the 
patent  to 

?*unger,  430,349,  June  17,  1890,  (220-61) 

It  is  thought  that  applicant  has  merely  aggregated  several 
old  elements  in  a  single  closure,  /without  attaining  any  substan¬ 
tive  improvement  over  the  present  art.  It  has  been  shown  as  old 
to  mount  a  bushing  in  a  tank  opening,  this  bushing  having  a  closure 
seat.  The  art'  also  shows  a  ring  mounted  on  a  member  to  be  closed, 
the  ring  carrying  a  hinged  closure  on  one  side  and  a  pivoted  latch 
member  on  the  opposite  side.  There  in  also  shown  a  substantial 
e qu i v alpnt- o f  applicant's  means  for  securing  the  bushing  to  the 
tank  opening,  as  already  pointed  out;  and  the  combination  of  cam 
surface  and  latch  is  shown  in  the  above-cited  patent. 

Although  the  closures  of  record  include  a  bar  member  that  is 
pivoted  directly  to  the  bushing,  and  that  carries  the  coyer  member, 
yet  the  claims  do  not  distinguish  from  this  structure  in  v/kioh  the 
covers  can  be  said  to  be  pivoted  to  the  ring  or  Btuds, (indirectly.! 
Moreover,  the  idea  of  pivoting  the  cover  directly  to  the  ring  or 


rank  L.  TVyor ,  - 

Orange,  JT.  J. 

[\  NOV  17 1911  j) 

•  •  ■  .  .  v:. 

I w  a  oommunioution  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


290,712. 


#2. 

studs  is  bIiov.ti  to  ho  old  in  Oof  fin  and  Ryder  and  others  of 

record;  and  aloo  hy  tl:c  patents  to': 

/ 

=-  Davies,  (I3r.)  12,445,  of  1898,  (220-124) 

^  Nolcol,  (Ger.)  41,601*^ 

As  further  illustrating  the  can  enna^esnont  for  the  closure, 
see  the  pntents  to: 

0  ^ 

navis,  251,420,  nec.  27,  1881,  f220-6l) 

Ho ol:,  ‘398,539,  Feh.  26,  1889  11  « 

The  claims  tiro  rejected  as  arnrefrationq  of  old  elements. 

The  claims  ore  further  rejected  ns  afjf'TORationB  of  unrelated 
elements,  as  pointed  out;  oach  particular  element  peif^rminf;  its 
ftipetion  independently  of  the  others. 


Examiner. 


IB  THE  HIT  I  TED  STATES  PATEIIT  OFFICE. 


THOMAS  A.  EDISOH,  ) 

STORAGE  BATTERY  RECEPTACLES,  ) 

Room  Ho.  148. 

Filed  Dooombor  7,  1906.  ) 

Serial  Ho.  290,712.  ) 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATE1ITS, 

SIR: 

In  response  to  the  Office  action  of  November 
17,  1911,  ploase  amend  the  above  entitled  ease  as  follows: 

Page  1,  lino  8,  oorrect  the  spoiling  of 

"division" . 


Cancel  tho  prooent  claims  and  insert  the 
following  claims  in  place  thereof: 


1.  A  storage  battery  can  or  receptacle  having  an 
opening,  a  bushing'.deviee/ having  a  valve  seat  and  secured 
to  the  walls  of  said  opening  by  a  fluid  tight  Joint,  a  cover 
valve  pivoted  directly  to  said  bushing  dovico  and  having 
a  cam  surface  formed  thereon  and  a  member  pivoted  directly 
to  said  bushing  dovico  and  ooacting  directly  with  tho  cam 
surface  of  tho  cover  valve  to  force  tho  latter  into  fluid 
tight  engagement  with  Baid  valve  seat,  substantially  as 
described. 


2.  A  storage  battery  can  or  reooptaole  having  an 
opening,  a  bushing! dovice^having  a  valve  seat  and  secured  to 
to  the  walls  of  said  opening  by  a  fluid  tight  joint,  a  cover 
valve  pivoted  directly  to  said  bushing  device  and  having  a 
can  surface  formed  thereon,  spring  means  normally  tending 
to  open  said  cover  valve,  and  a  member  pivoted  directly 
to  said  bushing  device  and  Qoaoting  directly  with  the  oam 


surfaoo  of  the  cover  valve  to  force  the  latter  against 
the  tendency  of  said  spring  means  into  fluid  tight 
ongagomont  with  said  valve  seat,  substantially  as  described. 

3.  A  Btorage  battery  can  or  receptacle  having  a  billing 
opening,  a  bushing  having  a  valve  seat  and  secured  to  the 
walls  of  said  opening  by  a  fluid  tight  joint,  a  ring  applied 
to  said  bushing,  a  oovor  valve  pivoted  directly  to  said 
ring  and  having  an  integral  extension  opposite  its  pivotal 
connection  with  said  ring,  said  extension  having  a  cam 

surface  formed  on  the  top  thereof,  a  spring  normally  tending 
.  and 

to  open  said  cover  valve ,  fa  latoh  pivoted  directly  to  suid 
ring  and  ooaoting  with  the  cam  surface  on  said  extension  of 
the  oover  valve  to  force  the  latter  against  the  tendency 
of  said  Bpring  into  fluid,  tight  engagement  with  said  valve 
seat,  substantially  as  described. 

REMARKS 

She  new  olaims  presented  horowith  are  drawn 
specif ioally  to  applicant’s  device  and  aro  believed  to 
patentably  distinguish  from  the  references  of  rocord. 

Ifono  of  these  references  discloses  thasombination  of  a 
bushing  secured  within  the  opening  of  a  receptacle  by  a 
fluid  tight  joint,  a  cover  valve  pivoted  directly  to  the 
bushing  and  having  a  cam  surfaoo  formed  thereon  and  a  member 
pivoted  directly  to  said  bushing  and  coaoting  directly  with 
the  cam  surface  of  the  oover  valve  to  force  the  latter 
into  fluid  tight  engagement  with  the  valve  Beat  formed  on 
the  bushing  as  set  forth  in  claim  1.  In  none  of  tho 
structures  disclosed  by  Hunger,  Davis,  Rock  and  German  patent 
to  Hokel  is  the  cover  pivotally  mounted  and  in  none  of  those 
devices  is  a  cam  surface  formed  directly  on  the  oover  with 
E 


which  a  pivoted  member  dirootly  coaots  to  forco  the  cover 
into  fluid  tight  engagement  with  ita  seat.  In  Mungey  the 
oam  surface  is  formed  on  a  lever  B  separate  from  cover  F 
and  a  pivoted  yoko  E  is  forooa  into  engagement  with  the 
oam  surface  by  moans  of  a  screw  rod  D  to  force  lever  B 
and  thereby  cover?  downwardly.  In  Davis'  device,  cover  A 
is  plaoed  on  the  upper  edge  B  of  the  vessel,  bar  E  is  then 
plaoed  on  the  covor  with  its  ends  passing  through  tho 
ears  D  and  the  cover  is  then  pressed  down  tightly  on  tho 
edge  B  by  driving  a  wodge  F  botwoon  one  of  the  ears  D  and 
tho  top  of  bar  E.  In  Rook's  apparatus, in  order  to 
seal  tho  vessel  A,  covor  E,  which  has  no  fixed  connection 
with  the  vessel,  is  placed  on  tho  top  thereof  and  loops 
B  pivotally  connected  to  the  vessel  are  then  turned  so 
as  to  take  over  tho  ends  of  a  bar  or  cleat  F  fastened  to  the 
cover.  It  is  then  necessary  to  turn  lover  D  toward  the 
center  of  the  cover  E  to  foroo  the  cam  portion  thereof  into 
engagement  with  the  bar  F.  In  the  device  disclosed  by  ITokoL, 
a  plurality  of  screw  bolts, a  pivoted  at  g„to  an  annular 
flange  surrounding  on  opening  ,oo-oporn1e'  with  a  plurality 
of  slots  o'  formed  in  a  covor  adopted  to  close  tho  opening 
to  hold  tho  covor  in  place.  Co-operating  v/ith  each  of  the 
screw  boltB  is  a  spring  pressed  levor  di  having  cam  surfaces 
f  with  whioh  the  bolts  engage  when  forced  into  tho  slots 
,e'  to  turn  the  levers  about  their  pivots  against  tho 
tension  of  the  springB  £.  When  the  Borew  bolts  roach  the 
end  of  tho  slots  e,',  spring!  g  act  to  force  the  levers  & 
into  looking  engagement  with  the  screw  bolts,  slots  1  being 
provided  in  the  levors  to  reoeive  tho  bolts.  In  tho 
English  patent  to  Davies,  cover  E'  is  hot  pivoted  direotly 
to  ring  B  in  the  form  shown  in  Figs.  3  and  4  nor  to  the 
plate  A  in  the  device  shown  in  Figs.  5  and  6.  Moreover, 

3 


the  means  for  pressing  cover  E  of  Davies  tightly  ajjainst 
its  oeat  oompriaes  a  pivoted  bolt  adapted  to  be:  received  in 
a  slot  provided  in  the  cover  and  a  thumb  screw  G  on  the 
bolt.  It  is  obvious  that  none  of  tho  numerous  references 

cited  in  the  actions  preceding  the  Office  action  of 

.the 

novombor  17,  1911,  discloses  oolnbination  of  elements 
reoited  in  elaiml,  and  it  is  believed  to  bo/nooossary  to  oom 
aider  theBo  references  in  detail  as  they  have  been  previous¬ 
ly  disoussed.  Claim  2  further  distinguishes  from  the 
cited  art  by  specifying  spring  means  normally  tending 
to  open  the  cover  valvo.  Claim  3  is  drawn  along  tho  linos 
of  claim  2  in  somewhat  narrower  terms. 

It  is  submitted  that  tho  claims  now  presented 
do  not  cover  aggregations,  but  arc  drawn  to  true  and 
patentable  combinations.  By  tho  combinations  set  forth 
in  tho  olaims,  a  non  and  useful  rosult  in  accomplished, 
namely,  the  assurance  of  the  hormotical  soaling  of  the 
aperture  in  a  battery  can  when  certain  of  tho  elements 
are  in  one  position,  and  tho  opening  of  said  apertxire  whon 
these  elements  are  in  another  position.  Practically  all 
of  the  claims  of  tho  numerous  patents  cited  describe  com¬ 
binations  of  old  eloments  and  the  claims  in  this  application, 
it  is  submitted^  are  no  more  aggregations  than  are  the 
olaims  of  those  patents.  It  nay  be  true  that  all  of  the 
eloments  of  the  combinations  described  in  the  present 
claims  are  old,  but  tho  ooiabinationa  thomsolves  aro  not  old, 

in  view  of  the  disclosures  of  any  of  tho  references  of 
tho 

record.  There  are  numerous  decisions .as^Exuminer  is 
doubtless  aware,  holding  that  a  now  combination  of  old 
eloments  is  patentable  when  tho  several  olomonts  produce 
either  u  new  and  useful  result,  or  an  old  result  in  a 

4 


more  fucile,  cheaper  or  otherwise  advantageous  wuy. 

For  the  above  reasons,  further  consideration  and 
allowance  of  the  claims  now  presented  aro  requested. 

Beapootfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISOII, 

By  <^L.  JSuU't-  _ 

his  Attorney. 

Orange,  How  Jersey, 

Hovombor  1912. 


1  -330- 


~2°Vr  /  AS 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

Thom  a  A.  Edison,  WASHINGTON  ran,  3,  1913, _ 

.  >4  IH  5  pWr?.j'T  orr/T,  i 

c/o  Prank  L.  ‘jj.  ^  ‘  j 

Edison  Laboratory,  \  | 

Orange,  V.  J. 

Plcn.se  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


#300, 713,  filed  Lee.  7,  1905,  for  Storage  Eatery  Reooptaolen. 


Commissioner  of  ralcnU 


Responsive  to  amendment  filed  Nov.  15,  1918, 

The  claims  are  each  confusing  in  their  ref ere nos  to  the 
"bushing  device",  since  it  is  not  clear  just  what  element  applicant 
refers  to  by  this  term. 

The  claims  are  each  incorrect  in  the  statement  that  the  cover 
has  a  cam  surface.  There  is  no  cam  action  between  the  cover  valve 
and  the  fastening  member;  the  fastening  member  movoB  on  a  pivot  and 
its  free  end  desoribos  the  uro  of  a  oirole,  while  the  extension  of 
the  cover  valve  has  its  free  end  rounded  so  that  the  fastening  member 
will  ride  up  over  it  in  its  movement;  suoh  a  ooabtion  doea  not  con¬ 
stitute  oara  moans. 

The  claims  are  oaoh  again  rej  ected  on  the  roferenoos  for  the 
reasons  of  record. 

The  olairas j(tb  sIbo  rojeotod  on 

‘  736,°772,  Aug.  18,  1903,  Petersen  (330  -  124). 

It  is  not  believed  that  anything  patentable  has  been  disclos¬ 
ed  in  this  case,  and  applicant  is  advised  to  prepare  for  final  action. 


Examiner, 


[ON  BACK  OF  PRECEDING  PAGE] 


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Patent  No.  ,Co5~ X  %  6?  iZ 


ACTIONS. 


a  /  <?  ^-v. 
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FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

Orange,  New  Jersey. 


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-SPEC1EICATI0N- 


TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

Be  it  known  that  1 ,  THOMAS  ALVA 
EDISON,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  State 
of  New  Jersey,  have  invented  certain  new  and  useful  im¬ 
provements  in  PRIMARY  AND  SECONDARY  BATTERIES,  Of  which 
the  following  is  a  description: 

My  invention  relates  to  primary  and  secondary 
■batteries  of  the  type  employing  alkaline  electrolyte  and 
wherein  one  of  the  active  materials  during  the  discharge  is 
dissolved  in  the  electrolyte,  a  suitable  depolarizing 
material  being  used  furnishing  oxygen  on  discharge. 

An  example  of  a  primary  battery  of  this  type  is 
the  well  known  Lalande  element  wherein  W*e  metallic  zinc- 

is  opposed  to  oxide  of  copper  in  a  potassium  hydrate „so- . - 

lution,  the  zinc  on  discharge  being  dissolved  in  the  elec¬ 
trolyte  to  form  an  alkaline  zinoate,  and  the  copper  oxide 
being  reduced  to  .the  metallic  state. 

An  example  of  a  secondary  or  reversible  battery 
of  this  type  is  described  in  my  patent  No,  684,205,  dated 

-October-8^  1901,  wherein  nickel- hydroxide  is  used  ^s  ~the - 

depolarizer,  a  plate  of  metallic  magnesium  being  -employed - - — 

to  receive  the  zinc  deposit  plated  out  of  the  alkaline _ ' _ 

zincate  solution  by  the  charging  current.  With  such  a 
secondary  battery,  on  discharge  the  nickel  hydroxide  will 
be  reduced  to  a  lower  condition  of  oxidation,  and  the 
met al lTd "zinc  wi ll~be  oxidized  and  dissolved  lnthe  elec- 

tr  o  ly  t  e  -f r  om-whi ch-it-  willbe  -again-p  lat  e  d-out~  on~the next - 

char ging_  ope ra ti on •  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ! 


My  present  invention  is  based  on  the  discovery 
that  if  an  alkaline  silicate  ,  preferably  silicate  of  potadbj 
is  added  to  the  electrolyte  of  batteries  of  the  type  re¬ 
ferred  to,  the  solvent  power  or  capacity  of  the  solution 


for  zinc  is  very  largely  increased  and  may  be  made  actually 
more  than  twice  that  of  the  usual  alkaline  hydrate  alone. 
This  permits  the  battery  cells  to  be  made  considerably 
smaller  than  heretofore  in  order  to  obtain  a  given  ampere 
capacity. 

In  the  case  of  the  lalande  combination,  using 
copper  oxide  opposdd  to  metallix  zinc,  the  best  composi¬ 
tion  for  the  electrolyte  is  to  add  to  a  twenty  percent  solu¬ 
tion  of  potassic  hydrate,  about  fifteen  per  cent  of  sili- 
cate  of  potash.  In  other  words,  each  one  hundred  cubic 
centimeters  of  the  solution  contains  twenty  grams  of 
solid  hydrate  of  potash,  to  which  is  added  fifteen  grams 
,of  powdered  silicate  of  potash;  but  it  will  be  of  course 
understood  that  the  proportion  of  ingredients  used:  may  be 
varied  within  wide  limits,  and,  in  fact,  that  the  addition 
of  even  a  small  percentage  of  silicate  of  potash  adds  to 
the  useful  effect. 


When  the  solution  is  used  in  .connection  with 
reversible  or  secondary  batteries  employing  nickel  hydrox¬ 
ide  opposed  to  metallic  zinc,  as  described  in  my  patent 
above  referred  to,  the  proportions  of  potash  and  of  the 


alkaline  silicate  can  be  c  onveniently  increased,  since . . 

there,  is.  less  likelihood  of-the-solution  freezing- than-  with 
a  primiary  battery,  which  latter,  are  ordinarily  used,  in _ 


more  9XP 08 8d  Placea »  such  for  railroad  signaling.  The 
employment  of  the  new  electrolyte  in  connection  with  an 


alkaline  zincate  reversible  batte'ry. 


ctr  olytelyb/sucluftftv  exl 
iii  the  <  n  ba* 

i  active  masse's . 


x5compare  favor- 
smplloying  nickel 


It  will  of  course  be  understood  that  the  improved 
electrolyte  may  he  used  in  any' alkaline  zincate  battery, 
either  primary  or  secondary,  and  that  any  suitable  active 
depolarizing  material  may  be  employed,  such  as  oxides  of 
■copper,  silver  or  mercury  or  the  hydroxides  of  nickel  or 


I  am  not  able  to  explain  with  absolute  cer¬ 
tainty  the  cause  of  the  very  superior  results  which 
are  secured  when  an  alkaline  silicate  is  added  to  the 
solution  as  above  explained,  but  .1  believe  the  reBultB  are 
due  to  the  fact  that  the  oxide  of  zino  formed  on  discharge 

is  converted  into  a  double  isalt  of  silica  and  pota’ssium 

O  -  ^  ^  O'  4  <■?  ^ 

(silic@-zincate  of.  potasnTwhich  is  much  more  soluble  ih,  ■£ 

the  alkaline  solution  than  the  single  Balt,  of  zinc  and,V\ ... 
potassium.'fand  consequently  less  of  the  electrolyte  may  \ 
be  used  to  hold  the  dissolved  metal  in  solution. 

I  have  referred  particularly  to  the  use  of 
silicate  of  potash  as  the  preferable  alkaline  silicate  for 
the  purpose ,sihcelhave  secured  thebestresurts with 

-  this  material-when  added-  to -a  solution  of  potasBium  hy- - 

drate  as  explained.  Very  good  results  may  be  secured . - 

however  with  silicate  of  soda  in  a  potash  solution,  al- _ 

though  not  quite  so  good  as  with  silicate  of  potash.  In 

solutions  of  soda,  the  'addition  of.  an  alkaline  silicate 

- — : _ _ 1 - -i  - 

results  in  Improvement,  bttju^o^-u'  muuk  lent)  mutmlr  f 


’T3T9  n? 


1.  An  alkaline  battery  electrolyte  containing  an 
alkaline  silicate,  as  set  forth. 

2.  An  alkaline  battery  electrolyte  containing 
silicate  oj.  potash,  as  set  forth. 

3.  A  battery  electrolyte  containing  potassium 
hydrate  and  an  alkaline  silicate,,  as  Bet  forth. 

4.  A  battery  electrolyte  containing  potassium 
hydrate  and  potassium  silicate,  as  set  forth. 

5.  In  a  battery  the  combination  of  an  electrode 
employing  metallic  zinc,  a  second  electrode  employing 

a  depolarizing  mass,  and  an  alkaline  electrolyte  contain¬ 
ing  an  alkaline  silicate,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

6.  In  a  battery,  the  combination  of  an  electrode 
employing  metallic  zinc,  a  second  electrode  employing  a 
iepolarizing  mass,  and  an  alkaline  electrolyte  containing 
silicate  of  potash,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

7.  In  a  reversible  battery,  the  combination  of 

in  electrode  employing  metallic  zinc,  a  second  electrode 

>mpl oying  nickel  .hydroxide . as  a  depolizer.  and  an-alkaline _ 

... *«°trolyte  containing  an  alkaline  silicate,  substantially _ 

us  set  forth. 


- 8 •. In  a  reversible  battery,  the  c omb inatlon  of  an  _ 

electrode  employing  metallic  zinc,  a  second  electrode  em- 

ploying  nickel  hydroxide  as  the  depolarizer,  and  an  alka- 

Line  electrolyte  containing  silicate  of  potash,  BUbstan- 

tially  as  set  forth. 

9,  In  a  reversible  battery,  the  combination  of  an 

ilectrode  plate  of  metallic  magnesium,  a  second  electrode 

4 


employing  a  depolarizing  mass,  an  alkaline  zinoate  electro¬ 
lyte  containing  an  alkaline  silicate,  substantially  as 
eet  forth.  • 

10.  In  a  reversible  battery,  the  combination  of  an 
electrode  plate  of  metallic  magnesium,  a  second  electrode . 
employing  a  depolarizing  maas^an  alkaline  zincate  elec¬ 
trolyte  containing  silicate  of  potash,  substantially  as  set 
forth.' 


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petition 


Go  tbe  commissioner  of  patents : 

JDour  petitioner  ihobab  a.  Edison  * 

a  citl3en  of  tbe  Glniteb  States,  restbing  anb  having  a  post  ©ffice  abbress  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  Hew  Jersey, 


praus  tbat  letters  patent  ma?  be  granteb  to  bint  for  tbe  improvements  in 
ELECTRIC  AUTOMOBILES, 


set  fortb  in  tbe  annereb  specification ;  anb  be  bereb?  appoints  jfranb  %.  ©?er 
(IRegistration  Bio.  560),  of  fibison  laboratory,  ©range,  Hew  Jersey,  bis 
attorney,  with  full  power  of  substitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosecute  tbis 
application,  to  mahe  alterations  anb  amenbments  therein,  to  receive  tbe  patent, 
anb  to  transact  all  business  in  tbe  patent  ©fHce  connecteb  therewith. 


specification  . 

TO  AH<  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON, 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn 
Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey, 
have  invented  oortain  IMPROVEMENTS  IN  ELECTRIC  AUTOMO¬ 
BILES,  of  whioh  the  following  is  a  desoription:- 


Hy  Invention  relates  to  improvements  in 
electric  automobiles,  "by  means  of  which  I  am  enabled  to 
materially  reduce  the  sudden  and  objectionable  strains 
to  which  the  motor  and  the  driving  mechanism  are  subject¬ 
ed  in  starting  from  rest,  and  in  effecting  successive 
increases  of  speed.  With  these  vehicles  as  now  construct¬ 
ed,  the  eleotric  motor  is  positively  connected  to  the 
driving  wheels  through  gears,  chains,  or  other  meohan- 
ioal  devioes,  ?hich  inevitably  provide  for  more  or  less 
lost  motion,  so  that  in  starting  the  motor  from  rest,  opi, 
portunity  is  offered  for  the  armature  to  acquire  considerable 
speed  before  ite  power  will  be  transmitted,  so  that  the 
partB  will  therefore  be  subjected  to  very  heavy  strains. 

These  strains  are  encountered  to  a  less  extent  whenever 
the  speed  of  the  motor  is  successively  increased.  I  pro¬ 
pose  to  reduce  the  objectionable  strains  referred  to  by 
interposing  between  the  electric  motor  and  the  driving 
wheels  an  elastic  cushion  or  buffer,  §o  as  to  thereby 

-1- 


absorb  any  sudden  shock,  without  however,  interfering  in 
any  way  with  the  transmission  of  power  from  the  motor. 

The  elastic  cushion  in  question  is  formed  as  a  part  of  on 3 
of  the  wheels  used  in  the  transmission  mechanism,  so  as  t» 
thereby  be  very  simple,  oompaot,  and  highly  effective. 

In  order  that  the  invention  may  be  better 
understood,  attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying 
drawing,  forming  part  of  this  specification,  and  in  which  - 

figure  1,  is  a  bottom  plan  view,  illustrating 
the  running  gear  of  an  electric  automobile  of  the  common 
type, 

figure  2,  a  sectional  view  on  the  line  2-2 
of  Figure  3,  illustrating  the  interior  construction  of  tie 
sprocket  wheel  on  the  countershaft,  shown  in  Figure  1, 
and 

Figure  3,  a  longitudinal  sectional  view  on 
the  line  3-3  of  Figure  2. 

In  all  of  the  above  views,  corresponding  parti 
are  represented  by  the  same  numerals  of  reference. 


The  automobile  shown  in  Figure  1,  is  provided  | 
with  a  driven  rear  axle  1,  operated  by  a  sprocket  chain 
2,  from  a  sprocket  wheel  3  on  a  countershaft  4,  the  latter 
carrying  a  spur  gear  J3,  driven  by  a  pinion  (J,  on  the 
armature  shaft  of  the  electric  motor  2>  a11  aB  Conmi°n 
in  this  art.  The  e last io  buffer,  constituting  the  essen* 
tial  feature  of  my  invention,  may  be  made  a  part  of  eithir 
the  main  sprocket  on  the  shaft  1,  or  the  sprocket  15  on  ttye 
countershaft,  or  the  gear  J5,  or  the  pinion  J3j  and,  when 
other  forms  of  driving  meohanism  are  us^d,  it  may  be  mad< 
a  part  of  any  one  or  more  of  the  wheels  employed  in  conneo- 


tlon  therewith.  For  the  purpose  of  illustration,  I  show 
a  spring  buffer  in  connection  with  the  sprocket  wheel  3 
on  the  countershaft  4,  the  specifio  construction  boing 
more  clearly  shown  in  Figures  2  and  3.  Here  the  outer 
part  of  the  sprocket  is  formed  with  a  hub  tJ,  loose  on 
the  shaft  jl,  and  working  against  a  collar  J9,  being  lock¬ 
ed  against  longitudinal  mov ament  by  a  cap  10,  on  the 
inner  part  of  the  wheel  and  rigidly  secured  to  the  Shaft 
by  a  key  11,  and  locked  in  place  by  a  bolt  12.  The 
inner  part  of  the  wheel  ie  formed  with  a  plurality  of 
ribs  13,  alternating  with  corresponding  ribs  14,  formed 
integrally  with  the  outer  part  of  the  sprocket  wheel  2. 
Mounted  between  the  ribs  13  and  14  as  shown,  are  buffers 
16.  made  preferably  of  rubber,  although  other  elastic 
material  or  elastio  forms  may  be  substituted.  Provision 
is  made  when  rubber,  or  other  non-oompressible  buffers 
are  used,  to  allow  for  the  displacement  thereof,  when 
subjected  to  pressure,  preferably  by  forming  the  outer 
part  of  the  wheel  with  reoesses  16,  as  Bhown.  By  vary¬ 
ing  the  size  of  theBe  reoesses,  the  extent  of  deforma¬ 
tion  of  the  buffers  may  be  conveniently  regulated  to  glvu 
the  desired  degree  of  elasticity,  as  will  be  evident. 

It  will  be  obvious  that  whan  any  sudden  strains  are  en¬ 
countered  in  the  driving  mechanism,  relative  movement 
will  be  afforded  between  the  two  parts  of  the  sprocket 
wheel,  thereby /distorting  certain  of  the  springs  or 
buffers  16,  and  absorbing  the  shock  .elastically.  By  pro  • 
vldlng  sets  of  buffers  on  either  side  of  the  ribs  13  and 
14.  as  shown,  the  shocks  thus  set  up  in  the  apparatus  wlJL 
be  absorbed  elastically  in  either  direction  of  rotation 
of  the  motor. 


Although  I  have  specifically  referred  heroin 
to  the  use  of  my  improvements  with  electric  automobiles, 
it  will  he  understood  that  they  may  he  used  in  connection 
with  any  desired  types  of  motor  vehicles,  wherein,  under 
present  conditions,  sudden  shocks  are  encountered  in  the 
driving  mechanism. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 
as  new  and  desire  to  Booure  by  Letters  Patent  is  as  fol¬ 
lows:  - 

1.  In  an  automobile,  the  combination  with 

the  driven  shaft , af&ivliagS ‘motor  and  intermediate  driving 
mechanism  between  the  motor  and  said  driven  shaft,  of 
means  forming  part  of  the  driving  meohaniam  for  permitting 
the  elements  thereof  to  yield  elastically  when  subjected 
to  sudden  shocks,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  j 
set  forth.  I 

2.  In  an  eleotrio  automobile,  the  combination  j 
with  its  driven  shaft  and  driving  motor,  of  an  elaBtlo  j 
connection  between  the  same,  permitting  relative  elastic 
movement  of  said  motor  and  shaft  under  the  effect  of 
BUdden  strains,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set 
forth. 

3.  In  an  automobile,  the  combination  of  a 
driven  shaft,  a  driving  motor  and  mechanical  connections 
between  the  same,  the  latter  employing  a  two-part  wheel, 
the  parts  <££  which  are  movable  relatively,  and  a  astic 
cushions  interposed  between  such  parts,  substantially  as 


and,  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

4.  In  mechanism  between  the  motor  and  driven 
shaft  of  an  automobile,  a  sprooket  or  gear  wheel,  com¬ 
prising  an  exterior  part  having  inwardly  projecting 
ribs,  an  interior  part  having  outwardly  projecting  alter¬ 
nately  arranged  ribs,  and  elastio  buffers  between  the 
adjaoent  ribs  of  the  two  parts,  one  of  said  parts  being 
formed  with  clearance  spaces  to  accomodate  the  deforma¬ 
tion  of  said  buffers  when  subjected  to  sudden  strains, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


Sbis  specification  signed  and  witnessed  tbis  da?  of  190 

Witnesses : 


*f  A 


<£/?  /U. 


©atb. 


State  of  IRew  3erse? 
Count?  of  Essex 


Thomas  a.  e  d  x  s  o  h  ,  tbe  above  named 
petitioner,  being  bul?  sworn,  beposes  and  saps  tbat  be  is  a  citizen  of  tbe 'limited 
States,  anb  a  resident  Of  Llowellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and"* 
State  of  lfew  Jersey; 


tbat  be  veril?  believes  bimself  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  sole  inventor  of  tbe  . 
improvements  in  electric  ahtohobiles, 


bescribeb  anb  claimed  in  tbe  annexed  specification;  tbat  be  does  not  hnow  and 
does  not  believe  tbat  tbe  same  was  ever  ftnown  or  used  before  bis  invention  or 
discover?  thereof ;  or  patented  or  bescribeb  in  an?  printed  publication  in  tbe 
THntteb  States  of  Hmerica  or  an?  foreign  countr?  before  bis  invention  or 
discover?  thereof,  or  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  patented 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tbe  ‘United  States  on  an  application  filed  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tbe 
•mnited  States  for  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  tbis  application ;  anb  tbat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  said  invention  has  been  filed  b?  him  or  bis  legal 

representatives  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countr?. 


Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  tbis 


[Seal] 


motar?  public. 


DEPART IV!  i 


INTERIOR, 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  April  7, 

Thomas  A.  Bdiaon,  i£F:  . 

fc:S 

Care  Jfrank  L.  Dyer, 

Sdiflon  laboratory,  Orange,  B.  J.  • 

Please  find  below  a  conemienivalloii  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

tor  Bleotrlo  Automobiles,  filed  Jan.  27,  1906,  8.  So.  298, 20ft* 


Thia  case  has  been  examined. 


Claims  1,  2,  and  3  are  rejeoted  on  the  patent  to  AlllngfctBf 
v/486,06fl,  Hov.  lfi,  1892,  (Bleotrlo  Looomotiven. ) 

Claim  4  la  rejeoted  on  the  patem|  above  cited, -there  bail* 
no  invention  in  providing  olearanoe  spaoe  in  view  ofthe- patent 
Hunt, U72.707,  April  12,  1892,  (Shaft  CouplingB,)  or  Bacon, 


309,679,  Deo.  23,  1884,  (Gearing,  Yleldable.) 


.  . 


Serial  No. 


Applicant. 

t)  kL-d  t  jj.  (^M2L 


auuress. 

. . ~^(y" 


£  -t  'ra:  ZZZZ>  /j&s. 


(3&taL&u7~ 


Filed. . i^kf 


w/~/  f  g  6  ' 


Examiner’s  Room  No.„ 


_ ^^^....5^1...  /S.Ht...A .  1 6_ 

'aJ... . 1  7_ 


'*oJk 

5.^^  '  ^  ' 

7  'J^La 


177^ 


/  ^  ^  ./*..ii  2 1 . . _ z_. 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

Orange,  New  Jersey. 


petition 


Go  the  Commissioner  of  patents : 

IPour  petitioner  t  h  okh  as  a.  Edison  , 

a  clttien  of  tbe  Glnlteb  States,  residing  anb  having  a  post  office  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Parle,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  Hew  Jersey} 


pra?s  that  letters  patent  ma\>  be  granteb  to  blm  for  tbe  improvements  In 

DEEDING  APPARATUS  DOR  CEMENT  KILNS 


set  fortb  In  tbe  anneieb  specification ;  anb  be  bereb?  appoints  Jratth  X.  m?er 
(•(Registration  mo.  560),  of  fiblson  xaborator^,  ©range,  flew  3erse?,  bis 
attorney,  witb  full  power  of  substitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosecute  tbis 
application,  to  mahe  alterations  anb  amenbments  therein,  to  receive  tbe  patent, 
anb  to  transact  all  business  in  tbe  patent  ©ffice  connecteb  therewith. 


-SPECIFICATION" 


TO  All  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  A1VA  EDISON, 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn 
Part,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey, 
have  invented  certain  improvements  in  FEEDING  APPARATUS 
FOR  CEMENT  KI1NS,  of  which  the  following  is  a  descrip- 
tion:- 

I ty  invention  relates  to  various  new  and  useful 
improvements  in  feeding  apparatus,  which  haB  heen  design¬ 
ed  for  introducing  finely  pulverized  unhumt  cement 
material  or  "chalk"  into  the  upper  end  of  rotary  kilns 
for  burning  Portland  cement  clinker.  In  my  patent  No. 
802,631  of  Ootober  24,  1905,  I  describe  an  apparatus  for 
this  purpose,  In  which  a  long  conveyor  sorew  is  mounted 
below  a  bin  or  hopper  and  serves  to  introduce  the  materi¬ 
al  into  the  upper  end  of  the  kiln  and  close  to  the  lin¬ 
ing  thereof  in  successive  increments.  I  have  found  it 
important  in  actual  practice  that  the  conveyor  screw  for 
thus  introducing  the  material  into  the  kiln  Bhould  be 
of  a  relatively  coarse  pitch.  Suoh  a  oonveyor  is  not 
only  cheaper  than  one  having  a  finer  pitch,  but  is  also 
less  affeoted  by  the  heat  and  warps  to  a  muoh  less  extent 
than  a  screw  of  fine  pitch.  Even  with  a  ooarse  pitch, 
it  is  impossible  to  fit  the  same  olOBely  to  the  tube  in 
which  it  works,  and  if  a  fine  pitoh  screw  were  used, 
greater  clearance  would  have  to  be  provided,  whioh  would 

-1- 


seriously  influence  the  desired,  regularity  of  the  feed. 
Surth aracre,  if  a  fine  pitch  screw  were  attempted  to  he 
uaed,  the  high  speed  at  which  it  would  have  to  be  operated 
and  the  extent  of  the  surface  thereof  in  contact  with 
the  enclosing  tube  would  enormously  increase  the  fric¬ 
tion.  It  is  impossible  to  melee  use  of  a  bearing  at  the 
inner  end,  owing  to  the  fereat  heat.  The  principal 
objection,  however,  to  a  very  coarse  pitch  screw  is  that 
the  inclination  thereof  is  so  great  as  to  frequently 
allow  material  from  the  storage  bin  to  be  forced  by  its 
weight  longitudinally  past  the  screw  into  the  kiln; 
and  even  when  this  result  does  not  take  place  the  pres¬ 
sure  of  the  material  in  the  storage  bin  is  genorally 
enough  to  influence  the  regularity  of  the  feed.  It  iB 
highly  import  ant  that  the  feed  should  be  regular  so  that 
a  constant  load  of  material  may  be  fed  to  the  kiln,  in 
order  that  the  best  results  in  practice  may  be  secured, 
requiring  less  regulation  of  the  fuel  and  permitting 
the  kiln  to  always  work  at  its  best  and  moot  eoonomioal 
pap&oity.  The  essential  object  of  my  present  invention 
is  to  provide  a  feeding  mechanism  for  the  purpose,  in 
whioh  a  coarse  pitch  screw  is  used,  and  wherein  the 
objection  to  the .  employment  of  suoh  screws  iB  overoome. 

To  this  end  the  invention  comprises  a  feed  raeohanism 
for  rotary  cement  kilns,  employing  a  storage  bin  for 
containing  the  r|hn.lk,  a  ooarse  pitch  feed  screw  or 
conveyor,  for  introducing  the  unburnt  material  into  the 
kiln,  and  an  auxiliary  conveyor,  (preferably  a  feed  screw 
of  fine  pitch,  turning  at  relatively  high  speed)  inter¬ 
posed  between  the  storage  bin  and  the  main  conveyor,  and 
adapted  to  withdraw  a  uniform  amount  of  material  from  the 
storage  bin  and  deposit  the  same  upon  the  nain  conveyor, 
by  which  it  will  be  introduoed  within  the  kiln. 


In  order  that  the  invention  may  he  better  under¬ 
stood,  attention  is  directed  to  the  aocompanying  draw¬ 
ings,  forming  part  of  this  specification,  and  in  which  - 
Figure  1,  is  a  side  elevation  partly  in  Beotion 
showing  the  main  conveyor  broken  away  and  illustrating 
the  hopper,  with  which  the  storage  bin  is  connected, 
Figure  2,  a  plan  view  of  the  same, 

Figure  3,  a  section  on  the  line  3-3  of  Figure 
1,  through  the  main  and  auxiliary  conveyors,  and 

Figure  4,  a  section  on  the  line  4-4  of  Figure  1, 
looking  towards  the  motor# 

In  all  of  the  above  views  corresponding  parts 
are  represented  by  the  same  numerals  of  referenoe. 

The  feed  mechanism  is  carried  on  a  car  1,  having 
supporting  wheels  2-2,  working  on  traoks  2i-_3,  in  order 
that  the  position  of  the  main  conveyor  screw  can  bB  ad¬ 
justed  with  respect  to  the  kiln.  This  main  oonveyor 
screw.! 4  is  of  a  very  coarse  pitch,  as  shown,  and  is 
mounted  in  a  tube  or  barrel  jj,  sufficient  looseness  of 
fit  being  provided  to  accommodate  any  warping  to  which  , 
the  conveyor  screw  may  be  subjected.’  .  The  shaft  6  of 
the  main  conveyor  carries  a  spur  gear  with  whioh  a 
pinion  8  engages;  said  pinion  is  mounted  on  a  counter¬ 
shaft  9,  whioh  carries  a  spur  gear  10,  driven  by  a  pinion 
11  on  the  motor  shaft  12.  Any  suitable  souroe  of  power 
is  applied  to  the  shaft  12,  an  electric  motor  13  being 
shown  for  the  purpose.  A  olutoli  14  may  be  interposed 
in  the  shaft  12,  so  as  to  permit  the  motor  to  be  discon¬ 
nected  whenever  desired.  The  motor  shaft  12  carries  a 
gear  16,  which  engages  and  drives  a  gear  16,  on  the  shaft 
17,  of  the  auxiliary  oonveyor  18,  the  latter  being  of  a 


much  finer  pitch  than  the  main  conveyor  4.,  aB  shown. 

The  auxiliary  conveyor  18  receives  material  from  the 
hopper  19 ,  with  which  conneots  the  lower  end  of  a 
storage  bin  (not  shown),  and  delivers  the  material  to 
the  main  conveyor  4,  through  a  passage  20.  The  gears 
7_,  0,  10  and  11,  are  enclosed  by  a  casing  21,  and  the 
gears  15,  and  16  are  enclosed  by  a  casing  22  ,  so  as  to 
exclude  dust.  The  gearing  between  the  motor  shaft  12, 
and  the  shaft  6  of  the  main  conveyor  4  ie  so  proportion¬ 
ed  relatively  to  the  gearing  between  the  motor  shaft 
and  the  shaft  17  of  the  auxiliary  oonveyor  18  that  the 
main  oonveyor  4  will  turn  sligitly  more  rapidly  than  is 
necessary,  to  accommodate  the  full  load  of  material  de-  I 
livered  by  the  auxiliary  conveyor  18,  w hereby  the  auxil-  / 
iary  oonveyor  vfill  deliver  a  full  and  uniform  load  of 
material  to  the  main  conveyor,  and  the  loss  in  feeding 
capacity,  due  to  the  looseness  of  fit  between  the  main 
oonveyor  4  and  its  containing  tube  or  barrel  5,  will 
not  in  any  way  interfere  with  the  delivery  by  the  main 
oonveyor  of  the  full  load  of  material  supplied  by  the 
auxiliary  conveyor.  In  operation,  the  material  deliv¬ 
ered  by  the  storage  bin  to  the  hopper  19  will  fill  the 
latter  and  be  effectively  choked  by  the  auxiliary  convey- 
or  !§.«  <>v’ing  to  the  fine  pltoh  thereof,  which  will  resist 
any  independent  movement  of  the  material  past  the  same, 
due  to  its  weight.  In  operation,  the  auxiliary  conveyor 
18  feeds  to  the  main  conveyor  always  a  definite  amount 
of  material  from  the  storage  bin,  dependent  upon  the 
speed  of  rotation  of  the  auxiliary  conveyor  and  the  amount 
of  material  thus  fed  will  be  independent  of  the  weight 
of  material  in  the  storage  bin,  which  as  I  have  before 
explained,  is  not  the  caee  when  a  coarse  pitch  sorew  ie 
*4- 


used,  connected  directly  with  the  supply  of  material. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 
as  new  and  desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent,  is  as 
follows:  .  -J  n  f  ^ i  &  ^ 


A 


Ax 


1.  In  cement  (feeding  mechanism}  the  combiha- 

rv 'v’cVwf«t 

tion  withva  .hopper  for  receiving  a  supply  of  material, 

and  a  coarse  oitch  feed  screvT,  %Pan  auxiliary  conveyor 
\  tMtc.-CUuvbtt.ir  <,< 

normally  blocking  the  flow  of  materia!’ from  the  hopper 

to  the  main  conveyor,  but  adapted  to  doliver  a  uniform 
load  of  matorial^from  the  hopper  to  .the  main  conveyor, 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth, 

2.  In  cemen^  feeding  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  hopper  for  receiving  a  supply  of  material,  and  a 
coarse  pitch  feed  screw  Adjacent  to  the  same,  of  a  fine 
pitch  conveyor  between  the  Chopper  and  a  coarse  pitch 
feed  screw  for  feeding  a  uni form  load  of  material  between 
the  two,  substantially  as  and  Vor  the  purposes  set  forth. 


3,  In  oement  feeding  apparatus,  the  combina¬ 
tion  with  a  fine  pitch  auxiliary  feed  sorew  and  a  hopper 
conveying  material  to  the  same,  perpendioular  to  its 
axis  at  one  of  its  ends,  of  a  coarse  pi\tch  feed  screw 
extending  substantially  parallel  with  a  fine  pitch  sorew 
and  receiving  material  delivered  therefrom\o  its  other 
end,  substantially  aB  and  for  the  purposes  se$  forth. 


4.  In  cement  i 
tion  with  a  hopper  for 


feeding  apparatus,  the  combina- 
reoeiving  fine  material,  an 
z,  auxiliary  fine  pitoh  feed  sorew  conneoted  therewith, 
and  uniformly  removing*  material  therefrom,  and  a  main 

-5- 


m 


coarae  pitch  feed  screw  receiving  material  delivered 
fcy  the  fine  pitch  screw,  of  a  driving  shaft,  and  gear- 
lng  between  the  driving  >haft  and  the  too  feed  screws 
for  rotating  th£  feed  sc  ”6ws,  the  speed  of  the  main  scrow 
being  slightly  greater  proportionately1" than  that  of  the' : 
auxiliary  screw,  sub stdj/ti ally  aB  and  for  the  purposes 
set  forth. 


THUitnesses : 


^  f'S-UL 

2, _ '"?■ 


©atb. 


State  of  mew  3ersep 
Count?  of  Essex 


1 00., 


i  H  o  m  a.' a  A,  K  D  i  8  o  s  i  tbc  above  nameb 
petitioner,  being  bulp  sworn,  beposes  anb  saps  tbat  be  is  a  cit(3en  of  tbe  Ulnlteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and 
Stute  of  New  Jersey} 


tbat  be  veriip  believes  bimself  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  sole  inventor  of  tbe 
improvements  in  feeding  apparatus  for  cement  kilns, 


bescrlbeb  anb  clalineb  in  tbe  annexeb  specification;  tbat  be  boes  not  Know  anb 
boes  not  believe  tbat  tbe  same  was  ever  Known  or  useb  before  bis  invention  or 
biscoverp  thereof ;  orpatentebor  bescrlbeb  in  an?  prlnteb  publication  in  tbe 
Ulniteb  States  of  Htnerica  or  an?  foreign  countrp  before  bis  invention  or 
blscover?  thereof,  or  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  this  application ;  or  patenteb 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tbe  Wntteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  this  application ;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tbe 
Ulnlteb  States  for  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  this  application;  anb  tbat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  saib  invention  bas  been  fileb  b?  him  or  bis  legal 
representatives  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countrp. 

■ _ Q-  •Gxdj-'Uto*- _ 

Sworn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  this  /  ba?  of^M.  190  L 

_ $ JjjUjdl O  . _ 


[Seal] 


IRotarp  public. 


DW....4 . Room _ 232 


DEPARTMENT  OF-'  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„  HaTCh  5,  190l 

Thomas  A.  Edison, 

o/o  -Prank  !■*  Dyer ,  . 

Orange,  H.J, 


a  of  layep\Von 

1  \  sscs  J 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from,  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  year  application. 

Serial  Ho.  299,484,  filed  February  6,  1906,  for  feeding  Apparatus 
for  Cement  Kilns. 

$  c/, 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 

Ca3s  examined.  ' 

The  1st,  2d,  and  3d  claims  are  met  in  the  patents  to  Buasells 

604,348,  May  17,  1898  and  Berner,  617,391,  Jan.  10,  1889  (Con. 

^Od.,bir 

Sorew),  see  also  the  patent  to  Church,  304,61ft,  Sept.  2,  1884  (same 
class ) . 


Said  claims  are  rejected. 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  0  EPICS 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

IEBDNNC  APPARATUS  JOR  ) 

CEMENT  KILNS  j  Room  No.  232 

Piled  Pebruary  5,  1906  ) 

Serial  No.  299,484  | 


HONORABLE  COMMX  SS IONER  OP  PAT  HITS 
SIR:-- 

Replying  to  Office  aotion  of 
March  5th,  1906,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as 
follows : 

Rewrite  claims  1,  2  and  3  as  follows: 


1 .  _Jji-  a'cementi- 
td®nZofj-*-rotaryr-oeiaeTrtq: 
forA comprising  a  hopper 
a  coarse  pitch  feed  sor^ 
of  ijiaid  kiln,  and  an  auk 
the  flow  of  material  fr|>i 
but  adapted  to  deliver 
hopper  to  the  main  con1 


-burning  apparatUBy-the-co-mhlna' 
ifctin-with^feoding  mechanism  there¬ 
for  receiving  a  supply  of  material 
communicating  with  the  interior 
^ciliary  conveyor  normally  blocking 
i  the  hopper  to  the  main  oonveyor 
uniform  load  of  material  from  the 
ror,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


2.  In  a  cement 
tion  of  a  rotary  oement 
for  comprising  a  hopper 


ing  with  the  interior  of 


feeding  a  uniform  load  of  material  from 
substantially  as  set  for 


turning  apparatus ,  the  oo  mbina- 
kiln  with  feeding  mechanism  there¬ 
for  receiving  a  supply  of  material 
a  coarse  pitch  feed  soreir  adjacent  the  same  and  oommunioat 


said  kiln,  and  a  fine  pitch  oon- 
1  and  ooarse  pitoh  feed  screw  for 
the  other., 


3.  In  a  cement  ‘burning  apparatus,  the  ocmiblnation 
of  a  rotary  cement  kiln  with| feeding  mechanism  therefor 
comprising^ a  fine  pitch  auxiliary  feed  sorew,  a  hopper  for 
supplying  material  to  the  same, and  a  ooarse  pitch  feed  sordi 
.  extending,  substantially  parallel  with  said  fine  pitoh 
feed  screw  for  receiving  matlrlal  delivered  therefrom  and 

Mu  M  «U  4,i»  iv/Tuu.  flu  . 

delivering  it  to  the  kiln,  Substantially  as  sat  forth. 
-REMARKS  - 


The  references  clearly  fail  to  anticipate  the  in¬ 
vention  .  patent  Ho. 604, 348  to  Bussell  discloses  a  de- 
vioe  for  cooking  fish  wherein  a  horizontal  kettle  or  steam 
cylinder  A  is  provided  with  a  screw  conveyor  3?  for  pass¬ 
ing  the  fish  through  the  same.  The  purpose  and  fiinotion 
of  applicant's  devioe  is  not  present  and  is  not  suggested. 
The  structure  of  the  reference  belongs  to  an  art  which  has 
no  analogy  with  that  of  applicant's  devioe, but  if  -there 
were  any  analogy  it  is  sub  mitted  that  the  kettle  A  in 
which  the  fish  are  tried  out  would  correspond  to  the  cement 
kiln, so  that  the  vertical  feed  screw  m  of  the  referenoe 
would  correspond  with  the  main  feed  screw  4  of  applicant 
and  there  is  nothing  to  correspond  *ith  the  auxiliary  or 
fine  pitch  screw  18  of  applicant. 

Patent  No. 617, 391  to  Berner  discloses  an  apparatus 
fur  drying  sand  or  other  materials.  A  rotary  drum  or 
cylinder  A  is  adapted  to  receive  and  dry  the  sand..  This 
cylinder  corresponds  roughly  with  the  oement  kiln  of  ap¬ 
plicant.  The  feeding  devioe  oonsistB  of  a  spiral  conveyor 
R  whioh  corresponds  to  the  conveyor  4  of  applicant.  It 
should  be  noted  however  that  in  the  reference  the  shaft 
of  the  spiral  conveyor  is  provided  with  a  bearing  at  each 
end, one  bearing  being  looated  inside  of  the  cylinder  A 


8. 


(see  Fi.g.l) .  Such  a  structure  as  tide  would  be  impossible 
in  a  cement  burning  apparatus  on  account  of  the  high  temp¬ 
eratures  employed  and  this  is  one  of  the*  reasons  why  ap¬ 
plicant  is  precluded  from  using  a  fine  pitch  conveyor  as 
the  main  supply.  Obviously  there  is  no  auxiliary  feeding 
device  for  supplying  the  main  feed  R  of  this  reference. 

Patent  JTo .304 , 610  discloses  merely  moans  for  mixing 
or  proportioning  materials  which  includes  a  manbar  of 
spiral  conveyors.  There  is  no  disclosure  of  applicant ' s 
invention  which  relates  and  is  limited  to  cement  burning 
apparatus  . 

Respectfully  submitted . 


his  attorney. 

Orange,  Hew  jersey 
September  yi,  1900. 


./LA 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  d.  c.,  October  11,  1906 

A.  Edison, 

c/o  Drank  L,  Dyer,  /  ' 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey.  \  ’ 


Pimae  fin'd  below  a  minmionieaUon  from,  the  EXAMINER  in  tjhm% 

Serial  No.  299,434,  filed  pebruary  6,  1906,  for  Deeding  \ 
Apparatus  for  Cement  Kilns, 


&  c/ 


Case  re-examined  on  amendment  filed  September  29,  1906 j 
The  new  1st,  2d  and  3rd  claims  set  forth  as  an  element  of  the 
combination  a  "rotary  oement  kiln".  This  element  is  not 
illustrated  as  required  by  Rule  50.  The  1st  and  2d  olairas, 
howe  ver,  present  nothing  of  invention  oyer  the  references 
BusBellB  and  Berner  of  reoord. 

The  3rd  claim  is  met  in  Berner,  of  record. 

The  1st,  2d  end  3rd  olaims  are  rejected. 


(j£k 
WA I 

%  '4 


TOUTED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


Thomas  A.  Edison 


Piled  February  5,  1906 
Serial  Ho.  299,484 


Room  Ho,  232 


HONORABLE  80M&ISSI01TER  OF  PATENTS: 

SIR:  — 

Replying  to  Office  letter  of  October  11, 
1906,  please  amend  as  follows: 

Rewrite  the  claims  as  follows: 

-  1  ■''NA  feeding  mechanism  for  rotary  cement  kilns 

comprising  a  hooper  for  receiving  a  supply  of  material,  a 
coarse  pitch  feed  screw  communicating  with  the  interior  of 
the  kiln  and  an  auxiliary 'conveyorA normally  blocking  the 
flow  of  material  from  theSJioppeiv- to  the  main  conveyor  but 
adapted  to  deliver  a  unifornN^oad'of  material  from  the 
hopper  to  the  main  conveyor,  sift^stantiai'ly.  as  set  forth. 

i,  A  feeding  mechanism  foXrotary  cement  kilns 

comprising  a^hoppor  for  receiving  a.  surely  of  material^  ' 
a  coarse  pitch  feed  screw  adjacent  the  same  and  communioat1 
ing,  wit£  ttipintyricir  of  the  kiln,  and  a  f  imH.pitch!  oon- 
Veyoj^betv/o^n  said  hopper  and  coarse  pitch eed'^crew  fpr 
f eedingja^ii^^^l^d^f^^te^al  fj 


■ndAi 

UdU-i 


substt 


tially  as  set  fo 


■  /  i'-c/ 


' 

\  3.  A  feeding  raechaniBm  for  rotary  cement  kilns 
comprising  a  fine  pitoh  auxiliary  feed  screw,  a  hopper  for 
Bupplyingvniaterial,,  to  Ahe  ma 
screw  extending  helow  and  substantially  parallel  with  said 
fine  pitch  feed  screw  for  r< ceiving  material  delivered 


a  coarse  pitoh  feed 


therefrom  a 
pi.tch  feed 


<jl  delivering  it  to  the  kiln,  the  said  coarse 
crow  having  no  bearing  at  the  end  within  the 


kiln,  substantially  as  set  forth.  - 

REMARKS  - 


This  invention  deals  with  the  conditions  present 
in  the  introduction  of  finely  ground  unburned  cement  form¬ 
ing  material  into  rotary  oement  burning  kilns,  as  1b  fully 
stated  in  the  specification  and  in  the  argument  heretofore 
made.  In  thiB  art  the  elements  claimed  are  of  peculiar 
utility.  The  fine  pitch  conveyor  screw  for  receiving  the 
finely  ground  "flour",  and  the  coarser  pitoh  screw  for  de¬ 
livering  the  Bame  to  the  kiln,  set  out  in  claims  2  and  3  , 
and  the  combination  of  these  conveyorB  are  of  particular 
importance.  This"flour"  acts  very  much  like  water;  it  has 
scarcely  any  cohesion  or  adhesion,  and  if  a  quantity  were 
poured  on  a  flat  surface  it  would  spread  out  very  much  as 
water  v/ould.  por  this  reason  a  fine  pitch  screw  is  provide 
ed  to  positively  remove  this  material  from  the  hopper. 

For  the  reasons  fully  stated  on  pages  1  and  2  of 
the  specification,  a  coarse  pitch  feed  screw  must  be  used 
for  actually  introducing  the  cement  forming  material  within 
the  kiln.  By  the  combination  of  these  two  conveyors,  as  se 
forth,  an  efficient  device  is  formed  for  the  purpose  named. 
The  references,  which  deal  with  entirely  different  con¬ 
ditions,  offer  no  suggestion  as  to  the  way  to  remove  the 


2—860. 

Div . 4-.  Room  ...4232  HPH,  Paper  No . 5-,-^ 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

Thomas  A,  Edison,  "  .  Washington,  d.  c., 

Core  of  Erarik  L,  Dyer, 

Edison  Laboratory, 

Orange,  2Tew  Jersey, 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  applYcatian,, 


September  4,  1907, 

./'V' ' 


4  100? 


loading  Apparatus  for  Oement  Kilns  «■  Eiled  Eeb.  5,  1906  - 


Serial  No,  299,484, 


Case  reexamined  om  amendment  filed  Aug,  17,  1807, 

The  new  1st  and  2nd  claims  are  imet  in  the  Patent  to 
Bussells  of  record,  i Eo  connect  his  hppper  feeding  sorew  and 
coarse  pitoh  screw  up  to  c.  kiln,  is  all  applicant  has  donees 
covered  by  Bald  claims,  which  amounts  to  meroly  a  double  use  of 
the  devioe,  The  element  of  the  combinations  in  said  1st  and  2nd 
claims,  "communicating  with,  the  interior  of  the  kiln",  is  not 
shown,  and  even  if  it  were  the  scope  of  the  said  claims  would 
be  tho  same. 

If  the  3rd  claim  is  to  stand  over  the  references,  the 
matter  of  the  ooarse  pitch  screw  "having  no  bearing  at  the  end 
'i  within  the  kiln"  should  be  illustrated,  under  Rgle  60, 

The  1st  and  2nd  claims  are  rejeoted. 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


Thomas  A.  Edison 

V  I  FEEDING  APPARATUS  FOR 

CEliENT  KILNS 

Filed  February  5,  1906 

Serial  No.  299,484. 


Room  No.  252 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS: 


In  response  to  Office 

action  of  September  4,  1907,  please  amend  the  above  entitled 
ease  as  follows: 

_  Page  3  the  Specification,  after  line  11  insert  - 

Fig.  5  is  a  sectional  elevation  of  the  receiving  end  of  a 
rotary  cement  kiln,  and  also  shows  part  of  the  main  conveyor 
screw,  and  method  of  mounting  the  latter  -  . 

Page  5,  after  line  1,  insert  the  following: 

In  fig.  5,  the  method  of  mounting  the  feeding 
apparatus  with  respect  to  a  rotary  oement  kiln  is  illustrated . 
The  tube  jj  of  the  main  conveyor  screw  4  is  supported  in 
sliding  contact  with  edge  2^  of  an  opening  in  wall  24  of 
passage  2£  leading  to  stack  26  .  The  end  of  tube  £  is 
inserted  within  the  receivin^end  of  kiln  2 £  a  sufficient 
distance  for  proper  feeding.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the 
shaft  of  the  conveyor  screw  4  has  no  bearing  at  its  end 
within  the  kiln,  the  screw  being  supported  at  this  end 
solely  by  the  convolutions  of  the  screw. 

It  will  be  understood  that,  while  this  invention 
has  been  described  in  connection  with  rotary  cement  kilns, 
it  is  equally  applicable  to  the  purpose  of  feeding  finely 


|  powdered  material  of  any  sort,  where  a  uniform  feed  1 


desired,  into  any  sort  of  furnace 


•  vessel  maintained  at 


||  Claim  1,  line  4,  after  "conveyor"  insert  - 

substantially  parallel  thereto  -  . 

Claim  2,  line  5,  after  "conveyor"  insert  - 
substantially  parallel  thereto  -  .  Line  6,  cancel  -  "one 
to  the  other"  -  and  substitute  -  the  former  to  the  latter  - 
Cancel  from  "serving"  in  line  6  through  "atmosphere"  in 
line  8,  and  substitute  therefor  -  normally  blocking  the  flow 
of  material  from  the  hopper  to  the  coarse  pitoh  feed  3crew  -  . 

Insert  the  following  claims  as  3,  4  and  5. 

£(\)  A  feeding  mechanism  for  rotary  cement  kilns  com¬ 
prising  a  hopper  for  receiving  a  supply  of  material,  a  feed 
screw  for  removing  the  material  from  the  bottom  of  said 
hopper,  of  a  pitch  of  such  fineness  that  the  material  can 
not  be  forced  longitudinally  thereof  by  the  superincumbent 
weight  of  the  material  in  the  hopper,  and  a  coarse  pitch 
feed  screw  communicating  with  the  interior  of  the  kiln, 
and  whicll  material  iB  delivered  by  said  first  named  feed 
I  screw  at  a  point  beyond  the  hopper,  substantially  as 


3  (\)  A  feeding  mechanism  for  rotary  cement  kilns  com¬ 
prising  a  coarse  pitch  conveyor  Bcrew  communioating  with  th< 
interior  of  the  kiln,  for  introducing  material  therein  at  a 
uniform  rate,  means  for  supplying^the  material  to  be  conveyed 
3aid  conyeyor  screw^a^a^un^orm  rate  no  greater  th^n 
the  first  named  rate,  and  not  under  pressure,  substantially 


(5) ^feeding  meohsj 
sing  a  coarse  pitoh  coi 


inism  for  rotary  cement  kilns  com- 
invfbwr  screw  communicating  with  th 


interior  of  the  kiln  for  introducing  material  therein  at 


uniform  rate,  means  for  adjusting 
veyor  screw  with  r^&pect  to  the  kiln, 


position  of  the  oo 


(2) 


ing  material  to  be  conversed  to  said  conveyor  screw  at  a  uni¬ 
firm  rate  no  greater  than  tfe^  first  named  rate,  and.  not  unde 
,pressure,  substantially  as  seSSf  orth. 

Renumber  Claim  3  as  Claim  6.  Add  the  following 


claims  as  7  and/ 8 


$\(\)  A  feeding  mechanism  for  rotary  cement  kilns, 
comprising  a  coarse  pitch  oonveyor  screw,  communicating  with] 
the  interior  of  the  kiln  for  introducing  the  material  there¬ 
in  at  a  certain  rate,  a  tube  in  which  said  screw  is  oontaine) 
with  a  somewhat  loose  fit,  means  for  supplying  material  to 
said  screw  at  substantially  the  rate  at  whioh  it  is  to  be 
introduced  into  the  kiln,  and  means  for  rotating  the  screw 
at  such  a  'rate  as  to  compensate  for  the  loss  of  feeding 
capacity  of  said  screw,  due  to  its  looseness  of fit,  sub¬ 
stantially  \as  set  forth. 

In  cement  feeding  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  hoppe'r  for  receiving  fine  material,  an  auxiliary 

I  V' 

fine  feed  pi^oh  screw,  connected  therewith,  and  uniformly 

removing  material  therefrom,  and  a  main  coarse  pitch  feed 
\  ,/feed 

screw  receiving  material  delivered  by  the  fine  pitch  screw, 

of  a  driving  shaft-,  and  gearing  between  the  driving  shaft 
and  the  two  f  e(ed  screws  for  rotating  the  f eod  screws,^  the^ 
speed  of  the  main  screw  being  slightly  greater  proportion¬ 
ately  to  the  amount  of  material  to  be  fed,  than  that  of  the 
auxiliary  screw\  substantially  as  set  forth. 


REMARKS 

The  patent  to  Bussells  is  apparently  the  only 
reference  on  which  the  Examiner  thinks  he  can  rely  to 
anticipate  some  of  the  claims,  and  it  is  thought,  certai&ly 
as  amended,  they  are  patentable  over  this  and  other 


UA 


(3) 


!j  references.  The  difference  in  structure  is  now  pointed  out 
1  that  the  auxiliary  and  main  feod  screws  are  parallel  with 
each  other.  With  the  structure  shown  and  claimed,  a  result 
not  contemplated  "by  Bussells,  and  which  would  not  he 
possible  with  his  structure,  is  achieved.  The  main  object 
of  the  auxiliary  screw  of  Bussell b  is  to  jam  the  fish  or 
other  material  to  be  cooked,  down  into  the  neck  of  the 

hopper  to  such  an  extent  that  it  would  be  impossible  for 
/steam 

steam  to  escape  from  the  cylinder  A.  This  would  necessitate 
forcing  the  fish  down  into  the  Cylinder  A  under  pressure, 
and  at  a  Bomewhat  greater  rate  than  that  s..t  which  they 
couldbe  carried  away  by  the  main  screw.  If  this  structure 

j!  >/ore  used  for  applicant's  purpose,  the  very  condition  which 
'  /ed 

applicant  lias  design,  his  improvement  to  remedy,  would  be 
aggravated,  namely,  the  finely  pulverized  chalk  material 
would  be  forced  down  into  the  cylinder  A  under  a  pressure 
even  greater  than  that  which  would  be  given  it  by  the  weight 
of  the  material  above  it  in  the  hopper,  if  there  were  no 
force  feed  in  the  hopper  L.  This  pressure  would  force  the 
material  paBt  the  convolutions  of  the  coarse  pitch  screw 
and  an  irregular  feed  would  result.  The  auxiliary  Bcrew 
I  in  the  case  of  Bussells  does  not  block  the  flow  of  material 
from  the  hopper  to  the  main  conveyor. 

The  distinctions  here  pointed  out  are  brought 
out  in  the  olaims,  and  the  Examiner's  objections  as  to  the 
lack  of  illustration  have  been  complied  with.  Claim  3  now 
numbered  as  Claim  6  is  illustrated  aB  to  the  feature  of  the 
feed  screw  having  no  bearing  at  the  end  within  the  kiln, 
and  is  apparently  therefore  allowable.  Present  Claim  8  is 
substantially  original  Claim  4  of  the  first  set  of  olaims, 
whioh  never  has  been  under  rejection,  and  was  apparently 
canoelled  through  inadvertence  in  amendment  of  August  17, 
1907. 


(4) 


I  I  The  Examiner  Btates  that  all  applicant  has  done  ii 

to  connect  Bussell' b  hopper  feeding  Bcrew  and  coarBe  pitch 
feed  screw  up  to  a  kiln,  which,  he  states,  is  merely  a 
double  use  of  the  device.  Applicant  has  now  pointed  out  tho 
various  differences  in  structure  and  also  the  differences 
in  the  results  attained,  so  that  in  place  of  the  double  use 
it  would  seem  that  a  new  use  has  been  attained,  which, 
according  to  the  decisions,  would  render  the  claims  patent- 
able,  even  though  there  were  no  essential  differences  of 
structure.  A  number  of  decisions  might  be  cited  in  this 
connection.  For  example,  Moore  vs.  Schaw,  ll8  "S  602,  which 
|j  holds  that  a  device  relating  to  one  art  is  not  anticipated 
ij  by  a  like  device  taken  from  an  entirely  foreign  art,  where 

I  I  I  the  latter  was  not  intended  by  its  maker,  nor  actually 
adapted,  to  perform  the  functions  of  the  former. 

Diamond  Drill  &  Machine  Co.  V3.  Kelly  Bros.,  120 
E  289,  states  that  a  literal  mechanioal  correspondence  iB 
not  necessarily  an  anticipation.  The  principles  of 
mechanics  are  always  the  same,  and,  in  the  almost  endlesB 
combinations  of  them  which  are  possible,  it  is  not  to  be 
expected  that  duplications  will  not  occur;  where  they  do 
appear,  the  question  is  whether  the  new  use  is  so  closely 
analogous  as  to  have  been  presumably  brought  about  by  what 
had  preceded  it,  or  whether  it  is  so  remote  and  different 
that  the  result  can  not  be  ascribed  to  mere  suggestion. 

It  certainly  can  not  be  contended  that  the  method 
of  Bussell  for  preventing  the  escape  of  steam  from  the 

I  cooking  cylinder  by  jamming  the  fiBh  down  into  the  mouth 
of  the  cylinder,  could  suggest  to  applicant  the  method  of 
feeding  cement  into  a  kiln,  whereby  the  advantages  of  using 
a  coarse  pitch  screw  for  communicating  with  the  interior 
of  the  kiln  could  be  Baved,  while  also  obviating  the 


(5) 


I  difficulty  which  has  heretofore  gone  with  the  exclusive 
employment  of  the  coarse  pitch  screw  for  '^purpose  with 
the  finely  pulverized  material,  that  the  material  would 
I  tend  to  creep  past  the  convolutions  of  the  screw  and  so 
feed  irregularly.  The  decisions  go  much  farther  than  is 
necessary  to  hear  put  applicant's  contention.  For  example, 
j  it  has  been  decided  in  the  case  of  Canda  vs.  Michigan 
Malleable  Iron  Co.,  124  F  486;  6l  C.  C.  A.  194.  (6th  Cir.) 
that  a  patent  is  not  void  for  anticipation  because  of  prior 
publications  or  patents  describing  or  claiming  devices 
which  mi  gilt,  in  the  light  of  the  patented  devioe,  be  so 
constructed  as  to  be  capable  of  the  same  use  as  described  and 
contemplated  for  the  patented  device,  where  such  prior 
descriptions  give  no  hint  of  such  use  or  ohange. 
j!  In  the  case  cf  Forsyth  vs.  Garlook,  142  3?  46l, 

462  (1st  Cir.,  1906),  it  was  decided  that  the  adaptation 
of  a  sheet  material  made  up  of  a  metal  sheet  alternating 
j  with  one  or  more  rubber  sheets,  to  the  use  of  a  gasket  for 
steam  packing,  may  involve  invention  notwithstanding  the 
use  of  substantially  the  3ame  composite  sheet  intended  for 
I  other  purposes. 

i!  Respectfully  submitted, 

j  THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

By  //V . 

His  Attorney 

Orange,  New  Jersey 
August  fS  1908. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.. 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  ' 

o/o  Frank  I>.  Dyer, 

Orange ,  N.J. 


Ootobery’l 


J 


Please  find,  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

Serial  No,  299,484,  filed  February  5 ,  1906,  for  Feeding  ' 
Apparatus  for  Oement  Kilns. 


Case  re-examined  on  amendment  filed  August  14, 
The  following  new  references  are  olted: 


'he  fpll< 
Dlai 


^  , Clark,  742,691,  Oot.  27,  1903  (193-So.X) 
t/Churoh,  304,616,  Sept.  2,  1884  (ib) 
/^Skinner,  476,618,  May  24,  1892  (ib) 
/XjOarey,  et  al.  409,660,  Aug.  20,  1889  (ib) 
yP Shiner,  844,623,  Feb.  19,  1907  (ib). 


Claims  1,  2,  3,  4  and  6  are  directly  met  in  Clark  and 
are  rejected  thereon,  neither  is  it  seen  that  they  present 
patentable  distinctions  over  Church, 


Claim  5  is  rejected  on  Clark,  in  view  of  Carey,  et  al. 
ClataB  7  and  8  are  rejected  on  Clark,  oaiBidered 
Jointly  with  Churoh.  Note  also  the  gear  oonneotion  between  the 
two  oonwjyors  shown  by  Skinner. 


in  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

Thomas  A.  Edison 

FEEDING  APPARATUS  FOR 
CEMENT  KILNS 

Filed  February  5,  1906 
Serial  No.  299,484 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 


Room  Ho.  232- 


In  response  to  Office  action  of 
October  12,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  oaBe 
as  follows: 

\/  Cancel  Claims  1  and  2  and  substitute  the  follow¬ 

ing  aB  Claim  1: 

i.  A  feeding  mechanism  for  rotary  cement  kilns 
comprising  a  Bingle  hopper  for  receiving  the  total  supply 
of  material  to  be  fed  to  the  kiln,  a  coarse  pitch  feed 
screw  adjacent  the  same  and  communicating  with  the  in¬ 
terior  of  the  kiln,  and  a  conveyor  much  finer  in  pitch 
than  said  coarse  pitoh  feed  screw  and  substantially  para¬ 
llel  thereto  between  said  hopper  and  coarse  pitoh  feed 
screw  for  feeding  a  uniform  load  of  material  from  the 
former  to  the  latter  and  normally  blocking  the  flow  of 
material  from  the  hopper  to  the  ooarse  pitoh  feed  screw, 
substantially  as  Bei;  forth. 

^  Claim  4,  line  4,  insert  -  all  -  after  "supplying" 

Line  5,  oanoel  "to"  before  "said"  and  substitute  -  by  -  . 


(1) 


^  Same  line,  insert  -  to  the  latter  -  after  "screw". 
v  Renumber  Claims  3  and.  4  as  2  and  3* 

/  Cancel  Claim  5* 

/  Claim  6,  line  3,  insert  -  all  the  -  after  "sup¬ 
plying".  Same  line,  insert  -  needed  for  the  kiln  - 
after  "material".  Same  line,  cancel  "same"  and  sub¬ 
stitute  -  said  screw  -  .  Renumber  this  claim  as  4. 

Z'  Claim  8,  line  7,  after  "screws"  insert  -  at 
such  speeds  that  -  .  Line  8,  ceuicel  "being"  and  sub¬ 
stitute  -  will  be  -  . 

Z" Renumber  ClaimB  7  and  8  as  5  and  6. 

R  E  ii  A  R  K  3 

Hone  of  the  references  disoloseB  the  idea  of 
an  auxiliary  conveyor  of  very  fine  pitch  supplying  uni¬ 
form  loads  of  material  to  the  main  conveyor  of  coarse 
pitch,  the  latter  delivering  the  material  to  the  kiln. 

This  is  thought  to  be  the  gist  of  applicant's  invention, 
namely,  interposing  between  the  hopper  and  the  main  con¬ 
veyor  a  screw  of  such  fine  pitch  that  the  flow  of  cement 

I  material  past  the  convolutions  of  the  screw  on  account 
of  the  pressure  of  the  material  in  the  hopper  will  be 
prevented.  In  the  patent  to  Clark  and  the  other  refer¬ 
ences,  the  two  conveyor  screws  seem  to  be  of  the  same 
pitch.  In  none  of  these  references  1b  the  function  of 
the  auxiliary  conveyor  the  same  as  that  of  applicant,  and 
none  of  them  allude  to  any  advantage  in  forming  the  auxil¬ 
iary  conveyor  with  a  pitch  sufficiently  fine  to  block  the 
flow  of  material  past  the  same.  ThiB  is  a  patentable 
distinction  over  the  references  and  is  not  a  mere  differ- 


(2) 


ence  in  degree,  since  a  new  function  is  attained  thereby. 
The  auxiliary  conveyor  of  Clark  is  intended  merely  for 
conveying  a  certain  component  of  the  material  to  the  main 
conveyor  for  mixing  the  same  there  with  the  main  supply 
of  mat o rial  which  is  fed  directly  to  the  main  conveyor. 

The  patent  to  Church  and  the  other  references  newly  cited 
by  the  Examiner  would  seem  to  be  even  less  pertinent  than 
the  patent  to  Clark. 

it  should  be  further  noted  that  none  of  the 
references  discloses  the  idea  of  furnishing  means  for 
rotating  the  main  sorew  at  such  a  rate  aB  to  compensate 
for  the  Iobs  of  feeding  capacity  of  said  screw  due  to  its 
looseness  of  fit.  Some  of  the  references  oertainly  show 
gear  connections  between  the  two  screws,  but  the  desirabil¬ 
ity  of  the  function  brought  out  by  applicant's  construc¬ 
tion  is  not  alluded  to,  and  Bince  a  novel  and  useful 
function  is  attained  by  properly  proportioning  the  gears, 
it  would  seem  that  the  provision  of  means  adapted  to 
rotate  the  conveyor  at  such  a  proportionate  speed  iB  pat¬ 
entable. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  all  the  claims 
are  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

_ 

His  Attorney. 

Orange,  New  Jersey 
October  8,  1909. 


„  232 


Si-Spe 


S3in^K»>n(«liou!iI 
DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  ITOT, 

Thomas  A,  3Tdinon, 

c/o  Prank  L,  Dyer, 


Mi  son  laboratory.  Orangik  IT,  J.  f 

Please  find,  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  you-  "~ 


’  3'ocding  Apparatus  for 


Commistioner  of  Patents. 


Case  re-examined  on  amendment  filed  Oct.  9,  19o9. 

T}’.o  claims,  I  in  number,  are  rejected  on  the  references 
of  record.  An  to  the  Clark  construction  the  lower  hopper  my  be 
omitted  altogether}  or  leaving  At  as  it  is,  there  is  no  necessity 
of  feeding  through  it.  In  either  oase  all  the  material  would 
then  cone  from  the  upper  hopper.  The  loosely  fitting  screws 
are  plainly  shown  in  the  Clark  reference  or  by  Church. 


IN  THU  TOUTED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE, 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

PEERING  APPAHATUS  POR 
CEMENT  KILNS. 

Piled  Pebruory  5,  1906, 
Sorial  No.  299,484 


) 

) 

)  Room  No.  232 

) 

) 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS , 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  action  of  November  22, 
1909,  please  amend  the  abovo  entitled  case  as  follows: 

Cancel  the  claims  no w  in  the  case  and 
substitute  in  place  thereof  tho  folloy/in^  claims;  ^ 

CA  mechanism  for  feeding  fine  material  into 
ement  kiln^.  comprising  a  tube  having  an  open  end  communi¬ 
cating  v/ith  tlie  kiln,  a  hopper  having  a  passage  communi¬ 
cating  with  sard  tube,  an  auxiliary  fine  pitch  food  screw 
for  uniformly  removing  material  from  said  hopper,  and  a 
main  coarse  pitch  feed  screw  mounted  in  said  tube  sub¬ 
stantially  parallelXwith  said  auxiliary  sorew  and  receiving 
| material  delivered  thereby,  the  said  tube  being  closed 
throughout  except  at  said  open  end  and  at  said  passage, 
substantially  as  described. 

2.  A  mechanism Vor  feeding  fine  material  into 
cement  kilns  comprising  a  tube  having  an  open  end  communi- 


iil  t 


,. . . . "■ 

oating  with  the  kiln,  a  hopper  having  a  passage  communi¬ 
cating  with  said  tube,  an  auxiliary  fine  pitch  feed  screw 
for  uniformly  removing  material  from  said  hopper,  a  main 
coarse  pitch  feed  screw  mounted  in  said  tube  substantially 
parallel  with  said  auxiliary  screw  and  receiving  material 
delivered  thereby,  said  coarse  pitoh  feed  screv/  having  no 
bearingW  the  end  of  the  tube  communicating  v/ith  the  kiln, 
and  the  said  tube  being  dosed  throughout  except  at  said 
opon  end  and  at  said  passage,  substantially  as  described. 


,  v,. 


3,  A  mechanism  for  feeding  fine  material  into  cement 
kilns  comprising  a  tube  having  an  opon  end  communicating 
with  the  kiln,  a  hopper  having  a  passage  communicating 
with  said  tube,  moans  for  removing  material  from  said 
hopper  at  a  uniform  rate  but  not  under  pressure,  and  a 
main  coarse  pAtch  feed  sorew  mounted  in  said  tube  so  as  to 
receive  the  material  delivered  by  said  moans  and  to  deliver 
the  same  to  the\kiln  at  a  rate  no  less  than  tho  first 
mentioned  rate,  the  said  tube  being  closed  throughout 
except  at  said  open  end  and  at  said  passage,  substantially 
as  described.  \ 

4.  A  mechanism  for  feeding  fine  material  into 
oement  kilns  comprising  a  tube  having  an  open  end  communi¬ 
cating  with  the  kilm  a  hopper  having  a  passage  communi¬ 
cating  v/ith  said  tube\,  an  auxiliary  screv/  for  removing 
material  from  said  houper  at  a  uniform  rate  but  not  under 
pressure  and  a  main  coarse  pitch  feed  screw  mounted  in 
Baid  tube  so  as  to  receive  the  material  delivered  by  said 
auxiliary  screv/  and  to  deliver  the  same  to  the  kiln  at  a 
rate  no  less  than  the  first  mentioned  rate,  the  said  tube 
being  closed  throughout  except  at  said  open  end  and  at 


Bald  passge, 'substantially  as  described. 

5.  A  rae.chanism  for  feeding  fine  material  into 
cement  kilns  comprising  a  tube  having  an  open  end  communi¬ 
cating  v/ith  the \kiln ,  a  hopper  having  a  passage  communi¬ 
cating  with  said\ tube,  an  auxiliary  screw  for  removing 
material  from  said  hopper  at  a  uniform  rate  and  a  main 
coarse  pitch  feed  screw  loosely  mounted  in  said  tube 
‘•substantially  parallel  v/ith  said  auxiliary  screw^and 
receiving  material  delivered  by  said  fine  pitch  screw, 
a  driving  shaft,)  and'Voaring  between  the  driving  shaft  and 
the  two  feed  screws)  for  rotating  the  food  screws  at  such  a 
speed  that  the  speed  of  the  main  screw  will  be  slightly 
greater  proportionatelyYfco  the  amount  of  material  to  be  fed 
than  that  of  the  auxiliary  screw,  the  said  tube  being  closed 
throughout  except  at  saidAopen  end  and  at  said  passage, 
substantially  as  described^. 


R  E  1C  A  R  K  S . 

The  old  claims  have  been  canceled  without  prejudice 
to  the  right  to  again  insert  them;  and  new  claimB,  which 
it  is  thought  define  the  invention  more  clearly,  have  been 
inserted  in  place  thereof. 

Claims  1,  2  and  5  include  a  main  feed  tier ew, 
an  auxiliary  feed  screw  parallel  therewith  and  adapted  to 
feed  material  uniformly  to  said  main  screw,  and  a  tube  in 
which  said  main  screw  is  mounted,  the  said  tube  being  open 
only  at  the  place  where  the  material  enters  from  the  auxili¬ 
ary  screw  and  where  it  leaves  said  tube.  Hone  of  the 
references  disclose  these  combined  features.  The  devices 
shown  in  the  patents  to  Clark  and  Church  not  only  do  not 


1131 


have  this  combined  structure  hut  are  designed  for  a  use 
very  different  from  that  of  the  applicant's  device.  The 
latter  contains  an  auxiliary  screw  for  uniformly  feeding 
all  of  the  material  to  he  conveyed  to  a  main  screw;  the 
former  devices  have  auxiliary  screws  for  supplying  only 
one  of  a  number  of  substances  to  be  mixed.  The  form  of 
feeding  device  shown  by  the  applicant,  as  fully  set  forth 
in  pages  1  and  2  of  the  specification,  has  docidod  advan¬ 
tages  over  previous  devicos  of  the  kind;  and  as  tho  claims 
differentiate  structurally  from  the  references,  it  is  sub¬ 
mitted  that  they  should  be  allowed. 

Attention  is  again  directed  to  the  case  of  Canada 
vs.  Michigan  Malleable  Iron  Co.,  124  F.  486;  61  C.  C.  A. 

194  (6th  circ.)  in  which  it  was  held  that  a  patent  is  not 
void  for  anticipation  because  of  prior  publications  or 
patents  describing  of  claiming  devicos  which  might,  in  the 
light  of  the  patented  device,  bo  so  constructed  as  to  be 
capable  of  tho  samo  use  as  described  and  contemplated  for 
the  patented  device,  where  such  prior  descriptions  give  no 
hint  of  such  use  or  change. 

Claims  2  sued  3  define  a  type  of  tube  for  support¬ 
ing  the  main  feed  screw  which  i3  not  shown  by  Clark  and 
Church  and  differentiate  from  Bussells  by  defining  a 
-co-operation  of  the  feed  screws  not  disclosed  hy  the 
latter.  Bussells  device  contemplates  the  forcing  of  the 
material  into  the  cylinder  under  pressure;  and,  if  this 
structure  were  used  for  applicant's  purpose,  tho  very  con¬ 
dition  v/hioh  tho  api>licant  has  designed  his  structure  to 
remedy  would  bo  aggravated,,  namely,  the  finely  pulverized 
chalk  would  be  forced  down  into  the  cylinder  A  under  a 
pressure  even  greater  than  that  which  would  he  given  it 

H4" 


■by  tho  v.' eight  of  tho  material  above  it  in  the  hopper, 
if  there  wore  no  force  food  in  tho  hopper  L.  'fhia 
prooBure  would  force  tho  tutorial  pant  the  convolutions 
of  the  coarse  pitch  screw  and  an  irregular  feed  would 
result. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  -EDISON 

By  7.  X. 

Orange,  New  Jersey,  His  Attorney. 

November  /<?c’^1910. 


SJI-Cobb 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON 


y  WASHINGTON  7,  1'il'l. 

Thom  a  a  A.  Sdiaon,  /'  °*  't'N 

C/o  Prank  L.  »yer,  ‘  7  |?!{ 

Fdiaon  lab  oratory,  Orange,  H.  J.  .  / 

Flense  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 

Serial  *10.299,484,  file.)  -Feb.  5,  1908,  for  Feeding  Apparatus 
tor  C„»«  Kilns. 

Commitrioncr  of  Patents. 


Case  re-examined  aB  amended  *Tov.  21,  1910. 

They  olaima  do  not  differentiate  over  Church, 304 ,615, 
of  record,  and  are  accordingly  rejected.  Jioreover,  every  element 
of  applicant’s  device  appears  to  he  clearly  shov/n  in  the  Church 
patent.  The  fact  that  other  additional  matter  is  there  shovm, 
is,  of  course,  immaterial.  Applicant »s  device  is  not  considered 
patentable  over  this  reference. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

Thomas  A.  Edison 

FEEDING  apparatus  FOR 
cement  kidns 

!  Filed  February  5,  1906 
Serial  No.  299,484 

■ 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  .OF  PATENTS, 

[i  SIR:  '  . 

in  response  to  the  Offioe  aotion  of 
■jl  January  7,  1911,  plaajse  amend  the  above  entitled  applica¬ 
tion  as  follows 

|  Rewrite  the  claims  as  follows 

1.  Apparatus  for  feeding  fine  material  into  oement 
j  kilns,  qomprising  a  tube  having  an  open  end  oommunioating 
with  the  kiln,  a  hopper  having  a  passage  oommunioating  with 
|  said  tube,  an  auxiliary  fine  pitoh  feed  sorew  for  uniform- 
.  ly  removing  material  from  said  hopper,  and  a  main  ooarse 
pitoh  feed  sorew  mounted  in  said  tube,  the  said  feed  sorews 
j  j  having  substantially  the  same  oapaoity,  substantially  as' 
desoribed.  " 

8.  Apparatus  for  feeding  fine  material  into  oement 
j  kilns,  oomprising  a  tube  having  an  open  end  oommunioating 
j  with  the  kiln,  a  hbpper  having  a  passage  oommunioating  with 
I  said  tube,  an  auxiliary  fine  pitoh  feed  sorew  for  uniformly 
j  removing  material  from  said  hopper.,  a  main,  ooarse  pitoh 
feed  sorew  mounted  in  said  tube,  the  said  feed  sorews  hav- 


ing  substantially  the  same  oapaoity,  a  driving  shaft,  and 
gearing  for  oonneoting  the  said  feed  sorews  to  the  driving 
shaft,  substantially  as  desoribed. 

3.  Apparatus  for  feeding  fine  material  into  oement 
kilns  oompriBing  a  movable  oarriage,  a  tube  having  an  open  • 
end  adapted  to  oommunioate  with  the  kiln,  a  hopper  having 

a  passage  oommunioating  with  said  tube,  an  auxiliary  fine 
pitch  feed  screw  for  uniformly  removing  material  from  said 
hopper,  a  main  ooarse  pitoh  feed  sorew  mounted  in  said  • 
tube,  the  said  feed  sorews  having  substantially  the  same 
oapaoity,  a  souroe  of  power,  and  gearing  for  oonneoting  the 
said  feed  sorews  with  the  souroe  of  power,  the  said  tube, 
hopper,  sorews,  souroe  of  power  and  gearing  being  mounted 
on  the  movable  oarriage,  substantially  as  desoribed. 

4.  Apparatus  for  feeding  fine  material  into  oement 
kilns  oomprising  a  tube  having  an  open  end  oommunioating 
with  the  kiln,  a  hopper  having  a  passage  oommunioating  with 
said  tube,  an  auxiliary  fine  pitoh  sorew  for  removing  ma¬ 
terial  from  said  hopper  at  a  uniform  rate,  and  a  main  ooarse 
pitoh  feed  sorew  loosely  mounted  in  said  tube  and  reoeiving 
material  delivered  by  said  fine  pitoh  sorew,  a  driving 
shaft  and  gearing  for  rotating  the  feed  sorews  at  suoh 
speeds  that  the  speed  of  the  main  sorew  will  be  slightly 
greater  proportionately  to  the  amount  of  material  to  be 

fed  than  that  of  the  auxiliary  sorew,  whereby  loss  in  feed¬ 
ing  oapaoity  due  to  looseness  of  fit  between  the  main 
feed  sorew  and  its  containing  tube  is  compensated  for, 
substantially  as  desoribed. 

i!  - 


(2) 


J. 


I 

IRE  MARKS 

The  claims  have  bean  rewritten  after  a  oareful  oon- 
j  sideration  of  the  references.  Claims  1,  2  and  3  differ.-, 
j  entiate  dearly  from  Church,  as  well  as  from. the  other  ref- 
j  erenoeB  of  record  by  setting  forth  that  the  feed  screws 
|.have  substantially  the  same  oapaoity.  In  Churoh  the  screw 
-F  conveyor  I  has  a  oapaoity  equal- to  the  combined  oapaoi>tlos. 
j!  of  the  sorew  conveyors  B,  H  and  M.  In  Bxissells,  the  s.orew 
conveyor  A  has  a  muoh  greater  oapaoity  than  either  of  the 
other  oonveyors,  as  iB  evidenced  by  the  statement  in  lines 
15,  et  seq. ,  page  2  of  Bussells-'  specif ioation  in  whioh.  it 
is  stated  that  the  fish  or  other  material  that  is  to  be 
oooked  will  ordinarily  not  quite  half  fill  the  oylinder, 
but  will  extend  along  the  bottom. 

Neither  Churoh  nor  any  of  the  other  references 
of  record  discloses  that  feature  of  applicant's  invention 
which  is  set  forth  in  Claim  4  relating  to  the  means  for 
driving  the  sorews  in",  such  a  manner  that  the  loss  in  feed¬ 
ing  oapaoity  due  to  the  looseness  of  fit  between  the  main 
feed  sorew  and  its  containing  tube  is  compensated  for. 
i  As  has  been  pointed  out  in  previous  arguments, 

the  purpose  of  applicant's  invention  is  entirely  different 
from  anything  disolosed  in  the  prior  art,  and  it  is  believed 
that  the  claims  in  their  present  form  differentiate  from 
the  patents  of  record  to  a  sufficient  extent  to  render  them 

Jl  patentable. 

I  Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  requested, 

i;  Respeotfully  submitted, 


I  Orange,  New  Jersey 
January  3rd,  1912. 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON 
By  v 

His  Attorney 


j  cfb- o~-/«i  <£[ 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON 


T?eb.  «,  1912. 

Thomas  A.  Edison, 

0/o  Erank  L.  Dyer,  \ 

Edison  laboratory,  Orange,  H/J.  _/ 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


Serial  No. 299, 484, 
Cement  KilnB. 


filed  Eeb.  5,  1916,  for  Needing  Apparatus  for 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Case  re-exarainad  as  amended  Jan.  4 ,  1912. 

The  4  claims  are  rojeotod  on  Ohuroh  of  record.  B 
and  the  spaoe  above  M  constitute  the  hopper.  M  is  the  fine  pitch 
conveyor,  and  1  the  main  ooarse  pitch  conveyor.  By  means  of  the 
belts  and  cone  pulleys  shown,  it  is  perfectly  clear  that  the  mtlo 
of  the  speeds  of  I  and  M  can  be  .so  adjusted  that  the  two  have  the 
same  oapacity,  As  to  putting  the  thing  on  wheels,  that  is  no 
substantial  distinction.  "Merely  putting  rollers  under  an  article 
to  make  it  movable,  when  without  the  rollers  it  would  not  be  mov¬ 
able,  does  not  involve  patentable  invention":  Hendy  v.  Iron  Works, 
43,  0.0.117. 

As  the  claims  do  not  differ  substantially  from  those 
oanoelled,  the  rejection  is  made  final. 


The  Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 


Tclcp.pl>,  Freight  ..<1  Paiiengcr  Sl.tion,  NEW  VILLAGE,  N.J. 

P.o. address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.J. 


Jan.  30,  1913.  ms 


Legal  Department, 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  Ino., 

Orange,  N.J. 

Attention  Mr.  Henry  lanahan. 


Dear  Sir:- 

Your  letter  of  January  23rd,  in  regard  to 
Mr.  Edison's  application.  Serial  Ho.  299,484,  has  been 
referred  to  the  writer.  In  reply  would  advise  that  we  have 
abandoned  this  type  of  feed  for  the  kilns,  for  it  is  not 
sufficiently  accurate,  although  a  large  improvement  on  former 
types,  and  I  do  not  think  we  would  be  warranted  in  spending  much 
money  in  prosecuting  the  application  of  the  patent. 

Yours  very  truly, 

THE  EDI SOU  PORTLAND  CEMENT  COMPANY, 

Superintendent. 

P.S.  Am  returning  all  data  in  re  above  application  under 
separate- cover. 


€ 


Io.i.Sl^-(S . 


3oJ_ 


r Applicant. 


Address. 

***  ■*-/— 


k 


Filed.. 


_^SSs 


/a^„.J.sk..±..G...A . 


Examiner’s  Room  No.„ 


■Assignee. . . . . . . . 

Ass’g’t  Exec.^^  /^Recorded.  y)^f, 

Patent 


No  .JilJj/i&fA.  Issued. 


«■ 

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ACTIONS. 

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SPECIFICATION 


TO  AH.  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMS  ALVA  EDISON, 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn 
Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,, 
have  invented  a  certain  new  and  useful  PROCESS  OP  ELEC¬ 
TROPLATING,  of  which  the  following  is  a  description :- 

In  carrying  on  experimental  and  commercial 
operations  in  connection  with  electroplating,  I  find  that 
the  occlusion  of  hydrogen  tends  to  make  the  deposit 
somewhat  brittle, and  more  or.  less,  porous,  and  tha't  hy¬ 
drogen  gas  clings  to  the  surfaces  of  the  deposited- metal 
in  the  form  of  very  fine  bubbles,  thereby  making  the 
surfaces  more  or  less  warty  and  rough.  The  presence  of 
occluded  hydrogen,  as  well  as  of .  the  hydrogen  bubbles 
referred  to,  prevents  the  deposition  at  a  high  rate,  and 
also  results  in  streaky  and  uneven  deposits.  My  object 
is  to  provide  an  improved  process  of  electroplating,  where¬ 
by  I  ve  ry  largely  eliminate  the  occlusion  of  hydrogen,  . 
as  well  as  the  formation  of  hydrogen  bubbles  on  the  de¬ 
posited  surfaces,  and  in  consequence  I  am  enabled  to  ' 
carry  on  a  plating  .operation  at  a  much  higher  rate  than 
is  now .possible,  and  at  the  same  time,  with**  production 
of  a  better  quality  of  deposit,  less  bri-ttle  in  charac¬ 
ter,  practically  free  of  pores^and  with  a  smooth  and  uni¬ 
form  surface.  The  invention  resides  in  the  fact  that  ~ 
by  maintaining-in  the'  plating  bath" a~ small’  quant ity~6f 


free  chlorine,  the  latter  will  combine  with  any  hydrogen 
set  free  by' the  electrolytic  action,  or  otherwise,  there¬ 
by  preventing'' the  formation  of  metallic  hydrates  as  well 
as  the  occlusion  of  the  gas,  and  eliminating  also  the  ' 
appearance  of  microscopic  bubbles  thereof,  which  cling 
to  the  deposited  surfaces  with  the  objections  pointed 
out.  When  free  chlorine  is  thus  present  in  the  bath,  it 
combine's  with  any  hydrogen  generated  therein  to  form  hy¬ 
drochloric  acid,  although  it' is  possible . that  other  favor¬ 
able  reactions  may  be  brought  about  by  the  presence  of 
free  chlorine. 

The  chlorine  may  be  added  to  the  plating  bath 
in  any  suitable  way,  such,  for  example,  as  by  passing 
the  ga.s  continuously,  or  at  suitable  intervals,  through 
the  bath;  by  adding  to  the  bath,  water  saturated  with 
chlorine,  or  by  adding  from  time  to  time  fresh  quantities 
of  the  electrolyte  saturated  with  clilo£ine_^  Por  instance, 
if  copper  is  to  be  plated  from  a  solution  of  sulphate 
of  copper,  the  chlorine  can  be  added  by  chlorinating  a 
suitable  quantity  of  the  solution,  which  can  be  added  from 
time  to.  time  in  small  amounts  to  the  solution  as  the  chlo¬ 
rine  becomes  exhausted.  In  practice  the  solution  should 
have  a  slightly  acid  reaction.  I  find  that  the  effect 
of  the  chlorine  thus  introduced  into  the  bath  lasts  for 


several  hours,  when  a  fresh  quantity  must  be  added. ^  Prac¬ 
tically  all  of  the  chlorine  is  utilized  in' conb  ining  with"” 

the  hydrogen  developed,  there  being  very  little  loss  of - 

...chlorine  by  .its  combination  ..with  either  the. anode _or _ 

cathode.  Pree  bromine  may  also  be  employed,  but  with  re¬ 
sults  that  are  far  inferior  to  those  secured  when  chlorine 


1.  The  process  of  electroplating,  which  consists 
in  chemically  depositing  a  metal  on  a  suitable  cathode 
and  in  electroplating  a  metal  on  the  deposit  so  formed, 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

2.  A  process  of  electroplating,  which' co  exists 
in  chemically  depositing  a  metal  on  a  suitable  cathode, 
and  in  electrolytically  depositing  the  Same  metal  on  the 
deposit  so  formed,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes 

. set  forth. 

3.  The  process  of  electroplating,  which  consists 
in  electroplating  a  thin  metallic  film  on  a  suitable 
cathode,  in  chemically  converting  said  film  into  a  de- 

-  -posit  of  another  metal,  and  in  electroplating  ametal'  on  - 

.the  chemically  deposited  film  so  formed,  substantially 

as  set  forth.  . _ 

4.  The  process  of  electroplating,  which  consists " 

-  in  electrolytically  depositing  a  metallic  film  on  a  suit¬ 
able  cathode,  in  immersing  the  cathode  with  its  deposit  . 

in  a  solut ion  of  a  metallic  salt,  capable  of  reduction 

by  the  electrolytically  deposited  metal,  whereby  the  latter 
will  be  dissolved  and  replaced  by  metal  chemically  de¬ 
posited  from  said  solution,  and  in  finally  electroplating 
'  ~  on  the'  chemical  deposit  so  secured,  substantially’ as  set 
— f  b  rth  .- — - ' . - - - - : - - — - : - - 

5.  The  process  of  electroplating,  \vhich  consists 

:  in'r|le‘ctr'opiming'oh_'a~SuitabIe'~c¥tKede~a’fi:lliri)f^ ’TTnetal 
; — capable-of—r-educing-copper-f-rom-a-so-l-ut-ion-- thereof— then — : - — 


-4- 


in  immersing  the  cathode  with  its  deposit  in  a  solution 

of  copper,  whereby  the  electro-deposited  metal  will  be . 

dissolved  and  replaced  by  a  chemical  deposit  of  copper, 
and  finally  in  electroplating  upon  the  chemically  deposit¬ 
ed  film  of  copper,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes 
set forth. 


-  6.  The  process  of  electroplating,  which  consists 

in  electroplating  on  a  suitable  cathode  a  film  of  a 
metal  capable  of  reducing  copper  from  the  sulphate  there¬ 
of,  then  in  immersing  the  cathode  with  its  deposited 

metal  in  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  bopper,  whereby  the . 

electro-deposited  metal  will  be  dissolved  and  replaced 
by  a  film  of  chemically  deposited  copper,  and  finally 
in  electroplating  upon  the  copper  deposit  so  secured, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


7.  The  process  of  electroplating,  which  consists 
in  depositing  a  film  of  cobalt  on  a  suitable  cathode,  then 

in  immersing  the  cathode  with  the  deposited  film  thereon 
the 

inaa  copper  solution,  whereby  cobalt  will  be  dissolved. and 
replaced  by  a  chemical  deposit  of  metallic  copper,  arid 


finally  in  electroplating  upon  the  chemically  deposited 
copper  film,,  substantially  as  and.  for  the  purposes  set. ... 
forth. 


•  8.  The  process 


of-  electroplating,  which  consists— 


.in.  electroplating,  .a.film.  of  ..cobalt  on. a  suitable  cathode, 

then  in  immersing  the  cathode  with  its  deposited  film _ 

in  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper,  whereby  the  cobalt 


will  t>e  dissolved,  and  replaced  by  a  chemical:  deposit _ 

of  metallic  copper,  and  finally  in  electroplating  on  the 
chemically  deposited  copper  film,  substantially  as  and 
for  the  purposes  set'  forth. 


Honorable  commies loner  of  Patehte, 

Washington,  a.  c. 


Sir: 


Enclosed  1  hand  you  herewith,  two  specifications 
in  Ihe  name  of  Thomas  A.  Edison,  one  for  a  PROCESS  OS’ 
ELECTROPLATING  and  another  for  a  PROCESS  OP  ELEC T  ROPLA TI NR , 
(no  drawings),  together  with  a  check  for  thirty  dollars 
($30.)  in  payment  for  the  first  government  fees. 

Kindly  acknowledge  receipt. 

Very  respectfully, 


Enclosure 


petition 


Zo  tbe  Commissioner  of  patents : 

H>our  petitioner  i  h  o  h  g  aiva  sbisos  » 
a  citi3en  of  the  Ulniteb  States,  resibing  ant)  having  a  post  Office  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Par’s,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey 


prap  that  letters  patent  mav  be  granted  to  him  for  tbe  improvements  in 

o?  •sTjsoaiopLA'eiHo, 


set  forth  in  tbe  annexeb  specification ;  ant>  be  hereby  appoints  ffranfi  X.  2>?er 
(•Registration  Ulo.  560),  of  fibison  laboratory  ©range,  flew  3ersey  bis 
attorney,  with  full  power  of  substitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosecute  this 
application,  to  mahe  alterations  anb  ainenbments  therein,  to  receive  tbe  patent, 
anb  to  transact  all  business  in  tbe  patent  Office  connecteb  therewith. 


-SPEC  I  ?  I  0  A  I  I  0  H* 

TO  AH.  V/HOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

Be  it  known,  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  StateB,  residing  at  Llewellyn 
Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey, 
have  invented  a  certain  new  and  useful  improvement  in 
PROCESS  OF  ELECTROPLATING,  of  which  the  following  iB 
a  description:- 

My  invention  relates  to  m  improved  process 
of  eleotroplating,  and  my  object  is  to  provide  a  process 
for  the  purpose  in  which  the  deposit  will  be  very  uni¬ 
form,  perfect,  coherent,  and  non-porous,  and  at  the  same 
time  can  be  cleanly  and  freely  removed  from  the  cathode 
on  which  it  takes  place.  By  Improved  process  is  sus¬ 
ceptible  of  convenient  use  in  any  connection  where  it  is 
important  that  a  very  perfect  deposit  should  be  made 
and  then  stripped  cleanly  from  the  cathode,  but  I  have 
devised  and  successfully  utilized  the  same  in  connection 
with  the  manufacture  of  metallic  flake3  for  use  with  my 
improved  storage  batteries.  Broadly  3tated,  the  inven¬ 
tion  consists  in  forming  on  a  suitable  cathode,  an  ex¬ 
ceedingly  thin  film  of  a  chemically  deposited  metal,  and 
in  then  plating  electrolytically  thereon  the  metal 
desired,  the  presence  of  the  film  of  chemically  deposit¬ 
ed  metal  between  the  cathode  and  the  electrodeposlted 
metal  permitting  the  ready  and  clean  detaohment  of  the 
latter,  slnoe  the  former  has  no  tendency  to  adhere 

-1- 


tenaciously  to  the  cathode,  as  is  the  case  with  an 
eleotrodeposited  metal.  Preferably,  the  chemically 
deposited  film  is  the  same  metal  as  that  which  is  oleo- 
trolytically  deposited  thereon.  The  formation  of  the 
chemically  deposited  metallio  film  can  be  effected  in 
any  suitable  way,  but  it  is  preferably  seoured  by  first 
electroplating  on  the  cathode  a  suitable  metal,  such  as 
cobalt,  which  reduces  another  metal  such  as  copper,  I 

from  a  salt  thereof,  by  immersion.  The  following  is  j 
an  example  of  a  convenient  manner  of  carrying  the  process! 
into  effect,  assuming  that  a  deposit  of  copper  is  to  be 
made  eleotrolytioally, 

I  mate  use  of  a  suitable  cathode,  either  in 
the  form  of  a  plate  or  drum,  having  a  surfaoe  which  will 
not  be  affected  by  the  solution  employed.  In  the  spe-  I 
o if io  example  to  be  described,  dealing  with  cobalt  and 
copper  solutions,  this  cathode  may  be  formed  of  nickel, 
or  be  provided  with  a  nickel  surfaoe.  The  surfaoe  on 
which  the  deposit  takes  place  should  be  as  smooth  as 
possible.  Upon  this  oathode  I  now  plate  eleotrolytioal¬ 
ly,  in  the  usual  way,  an  extremely  thin  film  ofcobalt 
This  deposit  need  not  be  greater  than  one  one-hundred- 
thousandth  of  an  inch  in  thickness.  The  oathode  is  now 
washed  with  water  and  is  then  immersed  in  a  solution 

of  sulphate  of  ooppor  for  several  seconds,  whereby  the 
is 

cobalt^ dissolved  and  is  replaced  by  metallio  copper. 

This  copper  deposit  thus  secured  is  very  bright,  uniform 
and  coherent.  The  oathode  is  again  washed,  and  a  coating 
of  copper  of  the  desired  thickness  is  deposited  thereon 
eleotrolytioally,  in  the  usual  way.  When  the  deposit 
takes  place  on  a  oathode  in  the  form  of  a  drum,  as  is 
preferable,  it  may  be  removed  by  cutting  the  sheet 

-2- 


longitudinally,  ai'tor  v/hioh  it  may  be  readily  stripped 
off.  In  this  Tray  I  am  enabled  to  fora  not  only  sheets, 
but  other  articles  of  various  shapes  elect rolytically, 
which  may  be  readily  detached  from  the  cathodes.  V/hon 
the  process  is  used  for  the  production  of  cobalt  films, 
as  I  describe  ,  for  example,  in  my  application  for  Letters 
Patent  filed  December  5th,  1905,  Serial  ho.  290,336, 
after  the  eleotrolytically  deposited  film  of  cobalt  has 
been  formed,  the  latter  is  washed  and  the  cathode  immers¬ 
ed  in  a  bath  containing  a  suitable  cobalt  solution  with 
oobalt  anodes  and  a  film  of  cobalt  of  the  desired  thick¬ 
ness  plated  thereon.  After  washing, the  cathode  with  the 
deposited  films,  is  introduced  again  in  the  copper  bath, 
and  plated  with  a  copper  film,  the  connection  being  made 
immediately  with  the  current  to  prevent  any  material  re¬ 
duction  of  the  copper  by  the  deposit  of  cobalt.  These 
operations  are  continued,  alt enacting  films  of  copper 
ana  cobalt  boing  formed  until  a  sheet  of  the  desired 
thickness  is  obtained,  which  is  then  cut  longitudinally 
and  removed  from  the  drum.  Such  a  sheet  may  be  then  cut 
up  into  pieces  of  desired  size  and  subjected  to  a  suit¬ 
able  treatment  by  whioh  the  coppor  will  be  dissolved, 
leaving  the  flakes  of  oobalt  intact,  as  I  describe  in 
said  application. 

Instead  of  using  oobalt  as  the  metal  for  the 
reduction  of  oopper  from  its  salt,  other  metals  might 
be  used,  suoh  as  zinc  or  iron.  I  find,  however,  that 
when  zinc  is  used,  it  reduces  tho  copper  so  rapidly  that 
the  deposit  is  blaok  and  porous,  and  hence  objectionable 
when  highly  homogeneous,  coherent  and  uniform  articles 
are  to  bo  produoed.  When  iron  is  used,  the  chemical  de¬ 
posit  of  oopper  is  bright,  but  it  is  more  or  Iobs  porous 


and  Irregular,  and  therefore  also  objectionable .  Cobalt 
is  in  every  way  the  most  desirable  metal  for  the  purpoBe 
that  I  have  discovered,  since  by  its  use  the  deposit  of 
copper  is  perfectly  smooth,  uniform  and  coherent.  In 
performing  the  preliminary  electroplating  process,  as 
well  as  in  plating  the  desired  deposit  on  the  chemically 
formed  film,  I  preferably  maintain  free  chlorine  in  the 
cobalt  and  copper  solutions,  as  I  am  thereby  enabled  to 

secure  a  more  rapid  and  uniform  deposit,  as  I  describe  in 

'•Vo  *Vot,  -f  %  \ 

my  application  for  letters  Patent^ filed  on  even  date 
herewith. 


5j|  in  electroplating^ a  metal^i c 

substantially  as^id  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

^2.  .^process  of  electroplating,  which  consists 
^J\  in  chemioalljNdepositing  a  metal  on  a  suitable  cathode, 


| 


Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I 
claim  as  now  and  desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent  is 
as  follows:- 

^1.  $he  process  of  electroplating,  which  consists 
in  chemically\depoaiting  a  metal  on  a  suitable  cathode 

If  '  fi  ).«cXn  .i.'cnrfyyif  /if.  -f/U 


the  deposit  So  formed,  /v 


sfed  in  elect 

V  deposit  so  lormf^Q  substantially  aB  and  for  the 


'tioally  depositing  the  same  metal  on  the 

1  '  . -fA. 

purposes 


L^i'a'cu. . 3  w 

&e  process  of  eleotroplating,  which  consists 
in  eleotroplating  a  thin  metallic  film  on  a  suitable 
cathode,  in  chemically  converting  said  film  into  a  de¬ 
posit  of  anotheAmetal,  and  in  electroplating  a  metal  t 
the  ohemioally  deposited  film  so  formed,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 

^64.  The  prooess  of  electroplating,  which  consists 
in  eleotrolytioall^  depositing  a  metallic  filn^  on  a  suit- 


Vbls  catliodo,  in  immersing  the  cathode  with  its  deposit 
iii  a  solution  of  a  metallic  salt,  capable  of  reduction 
by\tha  elecjrrolytically  deposited  metal,  whereby  the  lat¬ 
ter  will  bo  dissolved  and  replaced  by  inotal  chemically 
deposited  from  said  solution,  and  In  finally  electroplat¬ 
ing  on\the  chemical  deposit  so  secured,  substantially 
as  aet  forth. 

^7  S.  \,The  process  of  electroplating,  whioh  consists 
in  electroplating  on  a  suitable  cathode  a  film  of  a  metal 
capable  of  reducing  copper  from  a  solution  thereof,  then 
in  Immersing  \he  cathode  with  its  deposit  in  a  solution 
of  copper,  whorVby  the  elootrodeposited  metal  will  be 
dissolved  and  replaced  by  a  chemical,  deposit  of  coppor, 
and  finally,  in  olbctr opiating  upon  the  chemically  de¬ 
posited  film  of  copper,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

^^6.  She  process;  of  electroplating,  v/hioh  consists 
in  electroplating  on  aWltablo  cathode  a  film  of  a 
metal  capable  of  reducing  copper  from  the  sulphate  there¬ 
of,  then  in  immersing  theXcatliode  with  its  deposited 
metal  in  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  copper,  whereby  the 
eleotrodeposited  metal  will  ^be  dissolved  and  replaced  by 
a  film  of  chemically  deposited  copper,  and  finally,  in 
electroplating  upon  the  copper 'deposit  so  secured,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  and  for  the  purpodtes  set  forth, 

^\' l .  The  process  of  electroplating,  vdiich  consists 
in  depositing  a  film  of  cobalt  on  a\suitable  cathode,  then 
in  immersing  tho  oathode  with  the  deposited  film  thereon, 
in  a  copper  solution,  whereby  the  cobalt  will  be  dissolved 
and  replaced  by  a  chemical  deposit  of  metallic  copper, 
and  finally  in  electroplating  upon  the  chemically  deposit¬ 
ed  copper  film,  substantially  as  set  fortW. 


-5- 


/0,^8,.  *Che  process  of  electroplating,  which  consists 
in  electroplot^ng  a  film  of  cobalt  on  a  suitable  cathode 
then  in  imrner:ilng\the  cathode  with  its  deposited  film 
in  a  solution  of  sulphate  of  coppor,  whereby  the  cobalt 
will  be  dissolved  and  replaced  by  a  chemioal  deposit 
of  metallic  copper,  and  finally,  in  electroplating  on 
tho  chemically  deposited  copppr  film,  substantially 
as  and  for  tho  purposes  set  forki^. 


of 


Gbfs  specification  signeb  anb  witnesseb  tbis  /■  7  bag  of  &> 


Mltnesses : 

1.  (/iltUts  /(  f/l 


('A\~C/y4A/^ 

©atb. 


State  of  1Rew  3erse? 
Count?  of  JBssei 


1 00., 


THoma  aiva  Edison  ,  tbe  above  tinmeb 
petitionee,  being  but?  sworn,  beposes  anb  sa?s  tbat  be  is  a  citi3en  of  tbe  Uluiteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  .County  of  Esoex 
and  State  of  New  Jersey, 

tbat  be  veril?  believes  himself  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  sole  Inventor  of  tbe 
improvements  in  pbocmsm  oy  EiffvOraomEttw, 


bescribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tbe  annereb  specification;  tbat  be  boes  not  ftnow  anb 
boes  not  believe  tbat  tbe  same  was  ever  ftnown  or  useb  before  bis  invention  or 
biscover?  thereof;  or  patentebor  bescribeb  in  an?  printeb  publication  in  tbe 
Wniteb  States  of  Hnterica  or  an?  foreign  countr?  before  bis  invention  or 
biscover?  thereof,  or  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  patenteb 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tbe  IHniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tbe 
Ulniteb  States  for  more  tban  two  pears  prior  to  tbis  application ;  anb  tbat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  saib  invention  has  been  fileb  b?  bim  or  bis  legal 
representatives  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countr?. 


Sworn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  tbis  , 


5a?  Of  (0 


Hotar^public. 


y?n 


department  of  the  interior. 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  \— 

Thomas  A.  Mis  on,  1906 - % 

C/o  Frank  In  DiV0I.f 
Orange,  IT.  ,T. 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

2er.  3To«  306,762,  filed  March  19,  1906:- 
"Proceos  of  Electroplating. " 


Pago  1,  line  14,  the  words  "very  perfect"  should  bo  revised. 
The  serial  number,  306,761,  should  be  supplied  m  line  11  of 
pago  4 . 


Claim  1  is  rejected  upon  each  of: 


'68i,77'5,  Tfay 
'605,576,  Pop,  Ho, 
446,590,  Feb.  17, 


1097,  Oohw&be, 
1903,  6charling," 
1091,  "gragge n,  " 


Hath,  :fultiple, 


Clalxa  2  is  rejected  upon  Hoharling. 

The  remaining  claims  appear  to  be  allowable. 


I 

I 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 
PROCESS  OP  ELECTROPLATING) 
Piled  March  19,  1906  j 
Serial  No.  306,782  ) 


Room  No. 


175 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 

S  I  R  :  — 


Replying  to  Offioe  action 

of  May  5th,  1906,  ploase  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as 
follows: 

Cancel  "and"  the  first  word  in  line  3  of  claim  1} 
at  the  end  of  the  same  line  insert  -  and  mechanically 
removing  the  said  deposits  from  the  cathode  -. 

Claim  2,  line  3,  cancel  "and"}  lino  4,  after 
"formed"  insert  -  and  mechanically  removing  the  said 
deposits  from  the  cathode  -. 

Insert  as  claims  3  and  4  the  following: 

3.  The  process  of  electroplating  which  consists 
in  replacing  the  metal  at  the  surfaoe  of  a  suitable  metallio 
cathode  with  another  metal  by  treating  the  cathode  with  a 
solution  of  a  salt  of  the  said  metal  and  in  electroplating 
a  metal  on  the  deposit  so  formed,  substantial  ly  aB  set 
forth. 


4.  The  process  of  electroplating  which  oonsists 
in  replaoing  the  metal  at  the  surface  of  a  suitable  metallis 
cathode  with  another  metal  by  treating  it  with  a  salt  of 
the  said  sedond  metal  and  in  further  eleotrolytically 

1. 


depositing  the  said  second  metal  upon  the  deposit  so 
formed,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Renumber  claims  3,  4,  5,  6,  7  and  8  aa  5,  6, 
7,  8,  9  and  10. 

REMARKS 


Claims  1  and  3,  while  not  thought  to  have  been 
anticipated  by  the  references,  for  the  reason  that  a  glass 
dish  oannot  properly  be  termed  a  cathode,  har  e  been 
amended  to  more  clearly  bring  out  the  inventibn. 

Claims  3  and  4  herein  presented  appear  to  be  patent 
able  over  the  cited  art.  An  allowance  is  reauested. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

By  dsdMk  /£*--  ■ 

u  ,  / 

His  Attorney. 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
April  1907. 


Washington,  D.  C.»  n 


fj  >'■'  '  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

,A’7’  >'  United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C., 

Thomas  A.  Edison, 

C/o  Frank  L.  Dyer, 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey, 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application , 

306,782, -filed  Mar.  19,  1906,  for  Process  of  Electroplant, ins. 


(*o.  . 

_  Commissioner  of  Patents . 

Replying  to  amendment  of  Apl.  10,1907. 

The  serial  number  306,781,  should  be  inserted  in  lino 
10,  page  4. 

Claims  ?>  and  4  are  rejected  upon — 

\/82,S2fi,  Sep.  29  1868,  .Tacobl,  Aqueous  Bat&,  and 

681,7V5,May  4,  1897,  Schwabs,  11  11  Multiple. 

The  remaining  claims  appear  to  be  ready  for  allowance. 


Examiner,  ])i  V/  3. 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OEFICE, 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON, 

Process  of  Electroplating,  ) 

:  Room  No.  175. 
Piled  Haroh  19,  1906,  ) 

Serial  Ho.  306,782. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 

SIR:- 

Applicant  lias  just  discovered 
that  his  application  filed  January  19th,  1907,  Serial  No. 
353,061  for  Process  of  Making  Metallic  Pilms  or  Plakes  is 
practically  identical  with  the  present  case.  The  error, 
no  doubt,  arose  beoause  of  the  large  number  of  cases  which 
had  been  filed  relating  generally  to  this  subject.  Appli¬ 
cant  finds  that  all  the  claims  of  the  present  case  are 
capable  of  being  made  in  the  second  application,  and  sinoe 
the  specification  of  the  second  application  is  more  full 
than  that  of  the  present  case,  those  claims  of  the  present 
oase  which  have  been  allowed  will  be  inserted  in  the  second 
application,  and  this  has  been  done  today.  In  ordor  that 
there  may  not  be  two  applications  pending  at  the  same  time 
with  the  same  claims,  applicant  therefore  amends  the  present 
case  by  erasing  claims  1,  2,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  and  10.  Claims 
3  and  4  have  not  been  erased  beoause  they  stand  tinder  rejec¬ 
tion.  When  the  patent  on  the  second  oase  issues,  the  pre¬ 
sent  case  will  be  abandoned  if  the  Examiner  wishes  to  have 
that  done. 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey 
July  3d,  1907. 


Very  respeotfully, 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

R.A.J.  United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  AUC.  3,  1907. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

c/o  Prank  L.  Dyer, 

Orange,  H . J . 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 


306,782/  filed  liar.  19,  1906:-' 
Process  of  Electroplating. 


Replying  to  amendment  filed  July  5,  1907: - 

Claims  1  and  2  remain  under  rejection  on  the  references 


cited  thereto. 


Examiner,  Division  3, 


Folio  No _ J#i4 


Serial  No.  .MOU 


- SPEC IFIC AT ION- 


TO  ■  AIL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN : 

HE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  -awd  residing  at  Llewellyn 
Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey, 
have  invented  certain  new  and  useful  improvements  in 
the  MANUFACTURE  OP  PORTLAND  CEMENT,  of  which  the  following 
is  a  description:- 

My  invention  relates  to  an  improved  process  for  man¬ 
ufacturing  Portland  Cement  and  my  object  is  the  production 
of  a  process  for  the  purpose  which  can  be  economically 
and  effectively  practiced. in  localities  where  the  conditions 
as  to  raw  material  are  unfavorable  for  working  by  present 
methods.  In  general,  the  invention  consists  in  manufac¬ 
turing  artificially  a  cement  making  material  similar  in  f 

its  chemical  and  physical  properties  to  the  best  natural 
cement  rock^as  found,  for  example  in  east  ern  Pennsylvania 
and  north-western  New  Jersey;  said  material  being  subse¬ 
quently  admixed  with  a  proper  proportion  of  limestone,  and( 
after  grinding  (being  burned  in  a  cement  kiln,  as  in  modern  • 
cement-making  processes.  Broadly  speaking, , the.  invention 

consists  in  forming  a  cement  Baking  material  or  natural . 

cement  rock, (adapted  to  be  intimately  mixed  with  the  proper  ' 
proportion  of  limestone  to  result, after  calcination,  in  the 
production  of  Portland  cement)  by  slagging  or  fusing  the 
correct  proportions  of  silicious  material,  iuch  as  quartz, 
with" a~ sufficiently  low  percentage  of '  limestone,  a*  injthe 
-presence  of  alumina  (for  instance  clay)and  ironV 


-L-turn,  ' 

in^Kr  a  very  fluid  slag  in  a  suitable  water-jacketed  fur¬ 
nace  for  the  puipose,,the  fluid  slag  being  tapped  off  at 
the  bottom  of  the  furnace  and  being  finely  sub-divided 
or  disintegrated,  for  instance,  by  a  powerful  jet  of  com-  . 
pressed  air  or  steam,  or  by  centrifugal  force.  I  fii^d  that 

it  is  possible  to  artlfically  make  cement  rock  in  this  way 

'TL. 

at  a  sufficiently  low  temperature  to  enable -4eo  process  to 
be  carried  on  in  an  economical^and  on  an  entirely  practi¬ 
cal  scale,  so  that  when  the  material  is  intimately  added 
to  finely  powdered  limestone  and  burned  in  a  rotary  kiln 
or  otherwise,  Portland  cement  of  excellent  quality  can  be 
secured.  While  it  would  be  possible  to  intimately  mix 
proper  proportions  of  raw  materials  (silica,  alumina,  iron 
and  lime)  as  to  result  in  Portland  cement  after  burning 
in  a  rotary  kiln,  the  expense  of  fine  grinding  the  sili- 

cious  ingredients,  such  as  quartz,  would  more  than  offset 
— 

the  ®«ise  of  the  slagging  operation  which  is  therefore  pre¬ 
ferred.  1  am  of  course  aware  that  heretofore  -it  has  boen 
'-prepoaed-to-a-ak-e  Portland  cement  from  slag  obtained  in  the 
operation  of  blast  furnaces,  but  with  these  latter  process¬ 
es,  the  slag  is  seldom  suitable  for  the  purpose  and  general¬ 
ly  contains_sulphur  or  other  objectionable  impurities,  and 
even  when  the  slag  is^  capable  of  use  for  $&e  purpose1^'  the 
resulting  cement  is  very  irregular 'in  quality. — 
Oly<\gfld^t:t^a^hyd?sm^dc=^a:opert-loo-?  With  my  improved  pro¬ 
cess,  the  slag,  instead  of  being  .an  irregular  and  uncer¬ 
tain  byproduct,  is  the  direot  product  of  the  operation 


-  -2- 


and  hence  the  ingredients  can  he  always  selected  so  as 
to  result  in  a  perfect  material  free  from  objectionable 
impurities.  The  important  consideration  in  the  process 
is  the  use  of  a  sufficiently  low  percentage  of  lime  aB  to 
enable  the  slagging  operation  to  be  cerried  on  at  an 
economical  temperature,  while  at  the  same  time  the  re¬ 
sulting  slag,  can  be  made  extremely  liquid  and  non-viB^id, 
and  hence  can  be  readily  blown  or  disintegrated  into  a 
fine  powder.  If  it  were  attempted  to  add  a  sufficient 
amount  of  lime  in  the  first  instance  to  make  Portland  ce¬ 
ment,  the  temperature  required  for  its  fusion  would  be  far 
too  high  to  enable  the  operations  to  be  carried  on  with  any 
degree  of  commercial  economy.  In  order  that  the  invention 
may  be  better  understood,  attention  is  directed  to  the  ac¬ 
companying  drawing,  forming  part  of  this  specification, 
and  in  which  - 

Pigure  1,  is  a  diagrammatic  view  of  a  water- jacket¬ 
ed  furnace  and  settling  chamber,  illustrating  the  disinte¬ 
gration  of  the  fluid  slag  by  a  blast  of  compressed  air  or 
steam,  and 

Pigure  2,  a  similar  view  illustrating  the  disin¬ 
tegration  of  the  fluid  slag  by  centrifugal  force . 

Similar  parts  are  represented  by  the  same  numerals 
of  reference. 

In  carrying  the  invention  into  effect,  I  introduce 
into  the  furnace  1,  successive  charges  of  cement  making  ma¬ 
terial,  to  which  &*>e  added  coal  or  coke  in  the' proper  ~7" 
amount  to"  effect  the'  fusion.  Quartz  may  be  employed  as 
the  source  of  silica,  and-clay  as  the  source  of  alumina. 


A  small  percentage  of  oxide  of  iron  is  also  er 


a  water  jacket  2,  by  which  its  walls  will  he  kept  at  a 
comparatively  low  temperature,  so  as  to  cause  an  accumula¬ 
tion  of  slag  to  collect  on  the  interior  and  thereby  ef¬ 
fectively  prevent  the  same  from  burning  out.  As  the  ma¬ 
terial  fuses  the  very  liquid  slag  is  tapped  off  through  a 
valved  pipe  3.  The  liquid,  as  it  falls  may  be  subjected 
to  the  effect  of  a  powerful  blast  of  compressed  air  or 
steam  from  :a  pipe  4,  by  Y/hich  the  liquid  will  be  finely 
sub-divided  and  blown  into  a  large  settling  chamber  5,  so 
as  to  deposit  therein  as  a  fine  pov/der.  Instead  of  sub¬ 
dividing  the  liquid  slag  by  a  jet,  as  explained,  it  may  be 
allowed  to  fall  on  a  rapidly  rotating  wheel  6,  by  vdiich — 

it  will  be  thrown  off  by  centrifugal  force . into  the  sett- _ 

ling  chamber  5,  and  fjnely_sub-divided  in _this_ way.  ^The _ 

.flaogp . 


timately  admixed  with 'the  proper  proportion  of  powdered 
limestone  to  bring  the  lime  contents  up  to  the  desired 
formula  for  Portland  cement  and  the  chalk-'thus  secured  is 
then  clinkered  in  a  suitable  rotary  cement  kiln,  or" other¬ 
wise.  If  desired,  the  material  collected  in  the  'settling 
chamber,  if  not  sufficiently  fine  and  uniform,  may  be 
first  ground  and  properly  sized  by  screening  or  blowing ? 
after  which  it  may  be  then  mixed  with  the  powdered  lime¬ 
stone. 


Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 
as  new  and  desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent  is  as  follows: 

1,  The  process  of  making  artificial  cement  .1 
rockj  adapted  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  Portland  ce¬ 
ment,  which  consists  in  fusing  the  proper  proportions  of 
ingredients  to  a  wry  fluid  slag,  retiring  only  the  ad¬ 
dition  of  limestone  and  calcination  for  the  production  of 
Portland  cement,  substantially  as  Bet  forth. 

2,  The  process  of  making  an  artificial  cement 
rock  adapted  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  Portland  ce¬ 
ment,  which  consists  in  combining  with  silicious  and  alum¬ 
inous  materials  sufficient  lime  to  permit  a  very  fluid 
slag  to  be  obtained,  and  in  then  fusing  such  mate  rials- for 
the  production  of  such  slag,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

3,  The  process  of  making  an  artificial  cement 
rock  adapted  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  Portland  cement 

which  consists  in  combining  with  silicious  and  aluminous  - 

materials  sufficient  lime  to  permit  a  very  fluid  slag  to 


be  obtained,  sout  in  then  fusing  such  materials  for  the 
production  of  such  slag,  and  in  finally^ reducing  the 
fluid  slag  to  a  finely  pulverulent  condition,  substantial¬ 
ly  as  set  forth. 

4.  The  process  of  imking  an  artificial  cement 
rock  adapted  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  Portland  ce¬ 
ment,  which  consists  in  combining  with  silicious  and  alum¬ 
inous  materials  sufficient  lime  to  permit  a  very  fluid  slag 
to  be  obtained,  in  then  fusing  such  materials  for  the 
production  of  sich  slag,  an'd  in  finally^  subjecting  the 
fluid  slag  to  a  blast  of  compressed  air  or  steam  by  which 
it  will  be  disintegrated  and  reduced  to  a  finely  pul¬ 
verulent  condition,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

5.  The  process  of  making  an  artificial  cement 
rock  adapted  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  Portland  ce¬ 
ment,  which  consists  in  c ombining  With  silicious  and  alum¬ 
inous  materials  sufficient  lime  to  permit  a  wry  fluid 
slag  to  be  obtained,  in  then  fusing  such  materials  for  the 
production  of  such  slag,  in  reducing  the  fluid  slag  to 

a  finely  pulverulent  condition,  in  adding  to  the  pulveru¬ 
lent  slag  so  obtained  a  sufficient  quantity  of  lime  to 
produce  Portland  Cement,  and  in  finally  burning  the  mix¬ 
ture  so  secured,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set 
forth.  .  ...  . 


-6- 


■2/ W 


tiUK  ttA  .'ftlt  ci/lVUL-l  Aui  fafrch/^h:. 


1.  The  process  of  _  manufacturing  Portland  cement  ;V_ 

which  consists  in  fusing  jinopar  proportions  of  silicious 
A. 

and  aluminous  materials  with  only  enough  limestone  to 
result  in  the  production  of  a  very  fluid  slag  of  substan¬ 
tially  fixed  proportions,  in  then.. finely  subdividing  the  . 

S),A/  ' 

same,  in  then  adding  neeestgy ,1  ime st one  to  complete  the 
desire1^.' Proportion  thereof /and ’in  finally  calcining  the 
mixtur^/  substantially  as  set  forth, 

:(x  t 

'i  2.  The  process  of  manufacturing  Portland  cement, 
which  consists  in  fusing  proper  proportions  of  silicious 
and  aluminous  materials  with  only  enough  limestone  to 
result  in  the  production  of  a  very  fluid  slag  of  substan¬ 
tially  fixed  proportions-,  in  subjecting  the  fluid  slag 
to  a  powerful  blast,  whereby  it  will  be  chilled/  and  finely 
subdivided,  •oubatmvH.ally  aa  in  then  adding  g§6f 

-s^aggfhufr-y1^  limestone  to  complete  the  desired^proportion 
KvV  C/Mi 

thereof, ' and  in  finally  calcining  the  mixture,  subs tan- 

■  •  yv/> 

tially  as  set  forth.  / 

. 

fU-  u 

v  £isuc. — IkfU^'l'^  L 


_4ti . 


/L*  jvv_. 


fWfflt- 


The  Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 


Tcltjr.pl,,  Freight  and  Pauenger  Slation,  NEW  VILLAGE,  N.J. 

p.  o.  address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J. 


riNUDRicfiiiA,  PA.,  Arcade  l)u  tiding 
NRW  York,  N.  Y.,  St.  James  Building 
Nkwakk,  N.  J.,  Union  Handing 
. . . 


October  50,  1911. 


i  Henry  lanahan ,  Esq., 

Edison  laboratory,  • 

Orange,  N.  J. 

Dear  Sir:- 

On  reviewing  the  enclosed  patents  and 
rejection  of  pending  application,  it  seems  to  me  that  the 
early  rejections  were  based  upon  a  failure  in  the  Patent 
Off i oe  to  appreciate  the  distinction  between  limestone, 
lime,  or  quick  lime  and  hydrated  lime.  Their  later  action 
does  not  disclose  that  they  make  any  distinction,  hence 
it  appears  to  me  that  if  you  can  reopen  the  entire  thing 
and  go  back  and  refute  their  original  claims,  it  will  put 
us  in  better  shape. 

To  make  it  clear,  will  say  limestone  as 
it  exists  in  nature  is  a  more  or  lesB  impure  carbonate  of 
lime.  That  is,  it  consists  of  lime  represented  by  CaO  and 
carbonic  anhydride  (carbon  dioxide  or  commonly  referred  to 
as  carbonic  acid)  represented  by  C  O2.  This  material  is 
unacted  upon  by  water  exoept  to  be  dissolved  very  slightly 
as  a  carbonate  without  changing  its  composition. 

To  convert  limestone  into  lime  a  distinct 
process  is  necessary;  that  is,  it  must  be  heated  to  a 
temperature  of  1100  deg.  7.  to  1900  deg.  7.,  which  dissociates 


the  carbonate  into  linto  (CaO)  and  carton  dioxide  (C  Og) , 
which  latter  goes  off  as  a  gao,  leaving  the  lime  which  ia 
Tory  eneentially  different  In  ita  propertioa  from  limestone. 
This  different  must  be  homo  in  mind. 

Hext  •  Kydrete  ef  lime  ia  eaeentially  a 
very  different  compound  than  lime,  inasmuch  as  to  produce 
it  another  diotinot  operation  la  neeeaaory.  That  ia,  wo 
tmiat  add  water  in  a  one  form  to  lime  (CaO)  to  produce  hydrate 
of  lime,  which  ie  lime  and  water,  or  Cao  plue  HgO,  or  com* 
monly  written  <5a(OH)g.  Thle  compound  again  differa  in  ita 
properties  from  lime. 

With  these  thoughts  in  mind  we  can  refer 
to  latent  Office  action  of  July  20th,  1008.  Their  claims 
here  are  bated  on  Bodmer  patent.  This  we  ought  to  txy  to 
diepoee  of  on  the  following  grenade*  Bodmer  specifically 
etatea  "lime  in  ita  unsiafcod  state ,  or  in  the  form  of 
hydrate*,  etc.  Thia  neceasitatea  one  distinct  proceaa  tel 
make  the  lime  and  another  distinct  proesee  to  slake  it  itl 
he  uses  hydrate  of  lime.  Bdieen  uses  limestone;  that  ia, 
carbonate  of  lime  and  eliminates  both  these  processes  on 

p< 

thia  point,  carbonate  of  lime  added  to  •  slag,  or  acoYia,  .1 
aa  mentioned  by  Bodmer,  will'  not  produce  a  compound  having  1 
any  hydraulic  properties  other  than  that  possessed  by  the 
slag  alone,  but  on  the  other  hand,  any  aueh  properties  which 
it  does  possess  are  weakened  by  the  addition  of  carbonate  of 


lime.  there  la  no  similarity  between  Edison*  e  use  of  ) 
carbonate  of  Hme  and  Bodnar*  a  uee  of  lime  or  hydrate  ofj 
lima,  and  the  Patent  Offioa  suet  ha  made  to  understand  I 
thla  radloal  difference.  Va  do  not  contend  that  Bodman 
doea  not  produce  a  hydraulic  cement,  hut  we  do  claim  that 
^  It  la  in  no  sen^e  a  true  Portland' oement.  Bodmer  makes  no 
claim  to  a  true  Portland  oement,  nor  can  it  he  read  into 
hie  patent  unlese  the  Patent  Office  wlahea  to  conetrua 
hie  subsequent  vague  statements,  with  or  without, eubl acting 
^  to  heat  to  mean  that  it  must  ha  subjected  to  sufficient  heat 
to  aauee  it  to  sinter.  There  ia  nothing  in  his  patent  to 
warxant.lt.  There  la  nothing  to  ahow  that  he  appreciated 
\  the  fact  that  certain  slaga  finely  divided  and  mixed  with 
lime  will  make  an  entirely  different  product  than  those 
!  some  slags  finely  divided  -  mixed  with  lime  -  heated  to 
incipient  fusion  or  further  and  then  regrOund.  The  latter, 
if  of  proper  composition  ia  a  yrye  Portland  cement.  The 
former  in  no  sense  of  the  word  ia  such  a  compound.  The  foot 
that  ha  claims  efficiency  with  or  without  hast  fixes  the 
limit  of  his  knowledge  and  claims. 

Suppose  the  Patent  Office,  through  some 
very  badly  strained  interpretation  of  hie  referenoee  to  heat 
construes  them  to  cover  sufficient  heat  to  fuse  finely  divided 
slag  and  lime,  or  elaked  lime.  Then  we  must  fall  heck  on  the 
claim  that  Edison  uses  neither  Slaked  not  unalaked  lime  and 


that  Edison  in  using  oarbonatc  of  lime  cuts  out  the 


preliminary  calcining  and  thosleking.  There  ere  on  record 
decisions  o f  the  court  that  any  invention  that  cuts  out  & 

I  distinct  step  in  a  proeoae  Is  patentable.  It  Bodmer  eon* 
template*  a  Portland  cement,  which  he  certainly  did  not. 

It  can  he  proven  then  hie  preliminary  calcining  and  hydrating 
are  useless  atepa  which  Bdleon  out  out* 

Passing  further  to  Bodmer**  statement  that 

h/ 

•a  certain  quantity  qf  slag  or  sftotla  may  ha  melted  together 
with  such  proportions  of  allioecu*  Or  atgillaoseue  material 
either  with  or  without  calcareous  flux,  etc. ,  will  say  the 
patent  Office  may  olalm  this  aa  an  anticipation.  Xt  so,  it  N  ^ 
le  promptly  mat  by  the  con  clue  ion  of  the  same  sentence,  which  \ 
can*  for  the  incorporation  of  "lima  in  the  manner  described",  j 
This  latter  positively  preclude*  any  possibility  of  hi*  having  ' 
any  conception  of  a  true  Portland  cement  m  his  process. 

Tha  next  guess  in  his  vagus  process  is  to 
ml*,  lime  or  other  calcareous  material  with  tha  slag  as  it 
paness  from  the  fumce ,  it  la  a  mechanical  impossibility 
to  make  a  homogeneouf  mixture  of  anything  with  alag  .aa  it 
passes  from  tha  furnace.  hut  granting  that  aomo  wonderful 
mechanical  appliance  could  he  invented  it  le  further  ImpOseibhe 
heoauee  the  temperature  of  the  formation  of  that  slag  ia  far 
below  the  t superstore  at  ehich  lime  would  oomhipe  with  it, 
and  the  addition  of  tbo  lisle  would  still  further  reduce  tha 
temperature  of  the  slog  an  that  the  formation  of  a  -*ry«  Portland 


Is  physically  an*  chand  ©ally  Impossible. 

The  only  thine  In  his  nhole  patent  that 
merit  e  any  consideration  la  the  wild  gu«e*  in  the  next  to 
the  liet  paragraph  to  the  effect  that  "It  may  he  necessary 
to  ta«heet  and  melt  the  m*ff*  ete.  TM»  la  at  vnrianea  with 
hia  former  claims  and  la  evidently  tacit  a*  on  with  no  tangible 
Idea  in  mind  and  simply  to  enter  all  temperature#  t*m  atmos- 
pheric  temperature  to  fusibn.  If  thl®  patent  i'a  held  to 
interfere,  then  It  le  equivalent  to  *  dietum  that  henceforth 
and  forever  no  prooee*  for  using  niag  and  eelmreou*  material 
la  patentable,  since  Bodmer  cove  red  it.  Fortunately,  thla 
Idea  can  he  upect  by  the  ruling  that  the  curtailment  of  a 
proceed  by  cutting  out  unneeeeoary  atepe  jg,  patentable  ana 
Fdlaon  hy  using  limeetona  cut*  out  th«  oelolnlng  and 
hydrating  step  a, 

Vith  thaae  arguments,  X  think  the  Bodnar 
patent  can  ha  held  aa  having  no  hearing  on  the  oats. 

mi*  g xante  the  method  of  dial ntog rating 
the  flag  is  different,  hut  on  re-eppii  cation  X  think  you 
mill  find  enough,  dote- in  the  foregoing  to  show  that  it  le 
radically  dlf  fersntthrougheut . 


he  eee  no  roeeon  for  elting  this  patent. 


8nelus'  procees  canal at a  of  tha  following  operations; 

lot  •  Production  of  a  bleat  furnaoe  aloe. 

'/  v  2nd  *  Production  Of  lino  by  ealeining  limestone  or 
similar  notorial. 

•,/  /  3rd  »  grinding  than  together. 

^  Ith  -  tydretlng  1U»«  and  moulding  Into  brides. 

7  6th  -  Burning  in  a  furnace. 

«th  i  nr grinding. 


Edison  eliminate*  operation  2nd.  inasmuch 
•a  h«  uaaa  i&#  or  teffifptyd  line  in  g££  step  of  tho  procees. 
Voreorer,  in  direct  contrast  ha  makea-a speoific  slag  by  tha 
uee  Of  liaastona  and  other  suitable  materials,  Onelua  aalcea 
no  mention  of  any  process  for  asking  hia  Slog,  nor  does  either 
1  he  or  Bodber  appreciate  tha  ghat  that  no  bleat  furnace  a  lag 
c  sufficiently  high  in  liaa  or  otbarwioa  properly  balanced 
)  to  make  a  two  Portland  cement.  Beither  af  them  disclose  the 
-fact  that  it  i*  not  commercially  profitable  to  produce  in  a 
hlaat  turns oe  m  on*  operation  any  mixture  that  mould  make  a 
true  Portland  oement.  Id* two  appreciates  this  and  shewn  that  j 
tha  temperature  required  t«*  fuse  a  mixture  high  though  in 
lint  to  make  a  Portland  cement  it  not  practical  in  a  blast  | 
furnace  and  ha  therefor*  divides  hi#  ptaotta  into  two  steps: 


let  - 
8ai  . 


production  in  a  bleat  fUrnaoa.  from  liatstone, 
Umg  ortadfatw  of  line)*  and  other 
materials  a  lowHae  teeny  fUtlhlt  ale*, 
the  earlenoent  of  this  gleg  in  lima  by  the 
addition  of  groun&lieestone  and  subescuent 
treatment  in  a  rotary  Kiln  af  ether  furnaoe. 


«he  moehaninel  dttpe  hire  are  irrelevant 


at  tha  chemical  and  metallurgical  step*  ire  entirely  different 


in  tha*  Edison  uses  limestone  and  6n«lus  uses  hydrate  or 
Une,  requiring  first  the  production  of  Um,  end  secondly 
the  hydration  of  that  Uiqe  if  the  slag  1«  not  suffioiantly 
set  to  hydrate  it,  kdlson  uses  no  lirte.  His  slag  is  never 
set  for  the  hydration  of  live,  nor  does  he  make  torickecf 
any  kind,  the  objections  »y  reference  to  tMo  patent  should 
he  aithdrawn,  ae  there  is  absolutely  no  similarity  to  Edison's 
invention  nor  la  thare  in  tha  patent  anything  to  anticipate 
Edison* a  invention,  or  suggest  it  even  in  the  remotest  degree. 

wmwm 

this  patent  ie  sited  merely  to  offset 
Edison'*  method  of  dlaintegrating  the  slag,  a*  X  underetend 
it.  this  is  not  tha  basin  principle  of  Edison**  invention, 
hut  la  only  a  atep  in  tha  process,  henoo  the  patent  can  be 
allowed  «ith  or  without  it,  preferably  with  it  .a*  a  ccetbin. 
ation. 

Eorral  makes  no  claim  to  Portland  oeaent. 
t*  vakea  ae  addition  to  the  aUg  «f  line,  hydrated  line  dor 
liaeaton*.  sa  makes  no  change  in  ita  ultimate  ohamleai 
composition,  exoept  ae  inter  from  tha  steam  enters  into 
chemical  combination,  Ha  specifies  so  composition  of  slag 
^"an*  does  not  enrich  that  alec  In  lime  byaqy  possible  oeene, 

I  Xfcare  it  ae  blsatr  furnace  slag  produced  that  would  make  « 

\  true  Portland  cement  lay  his  process.  Ha  doss  rot  mean  claim 
or  anttcipata  it.  *he  uec  of  atcam  in  dial  ntag  rat  log  altg 


In  a  Portland  cement  process  iff  certainly  new.  Should  they 
refuse  to  allow  this  feature  It  ie  not  fatal  to  the  process 
eince  it  le  a  means  to  an  *nd  and  not  a  fundamental  principle. 

The  citation  nf  the  Hurry  &  Seaman  patent 
#nfc$  can  ha  overocme  ae  foil  owe:  the  patent  office  fails 
to  distinguish  between  an  artificial  *lag  or  cement  making 
material,  ea  Edison  calls  it  •  Portland  cement  slag  or 
clliflcor.  Harry  and  Seaman  process  contemplates  introducing  | 
into  a  bleat  furnace  dirent  all  the  materials  neossear?  for  1 
Portland  cement  and  after  fusing ,  cool,  disintegrate  and  j 
grind  the  product,  Thio  ie  a  one  etagn  process  which  never 
wee t  ia  not  and  con  net  be  commercially  practical.  *hey 
failed  to  appreciate  the  foot  that  materials  in  the'  proper 
proportion,  to  make  Portland  cement  fuse  at  so  high  a  temp* 
eratura  aa  to  render  it  altogether  impractical  to  make  it  a 
eommeroial  proportion.  They  do  not  realise  the  Mossaity 
of  first  producing  «n  easily  fusible  slag  low  in  lime  in  a 
bleat  furnace  and  then  enriching  in  line  by  subsequent 
ihrusce  treatment  with  th*  addition  of  either  lama  or 
linmetono.  They-  fall  down  both  on  their  tnaogr  and  practice 
and  the  process  la  inoperative.  Sdlson  appfecUtea  ootbthe 
theory  end  practice  in  that  he  specifies  a  two  furnace 
process;  first  to  produce  a  low  lime  practical  slag,  and 


The  Patent  Office  reference  <f  Sept.  8. 
Woe,  to  Bodmer  ia  offset  by  the  foregoing. discussion  of 
Bodmer  patent.  He  did  not  contemplate  a  Portland  cement, 
did  not  appreciate  the  necessity  of  heating  topartlal 
fusion  the  second  time,  end  moreover  introduced  unnecessary 
and  uneconomical  steps  in  calcining  and  hydrating  lima, 
the  addition  or  limestone  instead  of  lime  or  hydrated  lime  j 
is  *  eery  important,  economical  feature  ef  Edison* a  invention 
end  must  not  he  overlooked  by  the  Patent  Office.  j 


?  I*  Mix 


fhir  rejection  apparently  drops  Bodmer, 
Pcroll,  Hurry  and  Seaman  and  ‘Snelue,  and  if  this  implies 
that  you  have  met  thair  objections  on  these  point*  and  they 
withdraw  them,  the  foregoing  arguments  are  unnecessary-,  hut. 
if  they  still  hold  each  objection  am  made  end  each  subse¬ 
quent  rejection  a«  an  amended  reason,  then  all  the  fore¬ 
going  arguments  are  essentially  vital  in  the  next  amendment. 

Baf erring  to  the  particular  action  of 
Oct,  11,  1969,  mill  toy  they  complain  of  the  lack  or 
"■pacific  weft i nation  of  materials  for  the  production  of 
slag  of  the  quality  desired**.  This  objection  is  not  troll 
founded  and  is  evidently  due  to  the  lack  ofoetaUurgloal 
knowledge  in  the  Patent  Office,  they  fail  to  appreciate 
any  practical  significance  in  the  fusibility  of  slsga  ns 


governed  by  their  chemical  composition.  Different  eonhln- 
atione  of  Silica,  Alumina,  Oxide  oflron,  line  and  tfagiteala 
require  different  temperature*  for  fueion.  Certain 
temperatures  are  eommoroially  obtainable  In  blast  furnaces. 
A  process  calling  for  a  higher  temperature  la  Unpractical. 
It  see  oh  this  point  that  Hurry  pud  Beaman  fell  down.  They 
proposed  to  fuoa  in  a  blast  furnace  *  mixture  which  «hen 
ground  would  have  a  Portland  cement  [composition.  The  slag 
ae  tapped  from  their  furpace  would,  perefore,  have  to  toe 
about  aspfollove:- 


Silica  »  fcbout 

tine  -  • 

Oxide  of  Iron 
&  Alumina  -  " 

Vbgneela,  Al- 

Iceliee,  *#»,  • 


sn  at  I 

9  »  leaf 

s  *  dX 


Hurry  and  Seaman  did  not  appreciate  the  fuot^thttt  a  alag 
varying  between  the  above  limits  would  toe  eo  difficultly 
fusible  that  it  is  not  commercially  practical  in  a  blast 
fU^nece.  |The  temperature  required  in  the  above  case  would  | 
he  from  6600  deg.  to  3000  dtog.  V. 

Bdison  did  appreciate. that  fact  and  bis 
Invention  is  baaed-  ott  the  production  first  of  a  mors  fusible 
slag  and  than  subsequent  treatment  of  that  slag  so  as  to 
enrich  it  in  lime  by  the  commercially  economical  process  of 
partially  fusing  with  the  addition  of  carbonate  of  lime  and 
witlf  a  definite  end  In  view,  not  the  uneconomical  addition 


of  lime  or  hydrate-  online  suggested  by  Bodmer  with  no 
defined  end  in  view. 

p  think  the  Patent  Office  overlooked  the 
epeoifio  combination  given  by  Edison  in  the  origfo'fll  appli¬ 
cation,  page  4,  The  Application  does  give  a  apeoifia  com¬ 
bination.  It  ^l^tlnotly  etatee  at  bottom  of  page  one:- 
•correot  proportion*- of .  siliceous  material,  auoh  a  quarts 
with  sufficiently  low  percentage  of  limestone*,  etc.  Bote 
the  wotd  llmeetone,  not  li^ie>  Then  turn  to  page  4  and  note 
that  he  specifically  names  a  combination  which  ehould  j^ault- 
8«  follOWBS*  I 


Silica  I  22$ 

lima  $o$ 

Oxide  of  iron  ft  Alumina  12# 

Magnesia,  <Ucelia^,fte  B# 

If  thia  ie  not  specific^  t  can  not.  understand  what  they  mean 
by  epeoifio.  Pages  1  and  2  state  the  sources  of  the  diff¬ 
erent  ingredients  and  the  reason*  for  not  combining  them 
directly  in  a  rotary  Win.  page  4  giVea  a  specific  percentage 
for  each  ingredient,  claiming  •  reasonable  variation  from 
thoee  limit*  which  ie  of  course  allowable. 


The  failure  in  the  Patent  Office  da  to 
discriminate  between  the  limit*  of  Hurry  and  Seaman  slag 
wtt  h  line  from  60  to  U$  and  the  Edison  slag  or  cement 
materiel  with  lime  about  SOjf.  The  distinction  1*  that  the 
composition  with  eo  to  «4j5  line  and  IS  to  34Jf  ell  ice,  etc,, 


can  not  he  made  irtto  «  fluid  slag  economically  in  a  blast 
furnace  while  the  Edison  composition  da  given  -on  Joagb  4, 

Silica  s jg6,  etc.,  is  easily  fusible  and  can  he  made  into 
a  iluid  slag  economically  in  a  blast  furnace*  If  the 
Patent  Office  refer  thie  to  their  metallurgical  experts 
they  sill  find  a  wide  difference  between  a  slag  oit  60  to 
ti%  lime  and  one  of  50#  lime.  So  wide  .'is  the  difference 
that  Hurry  and  Seaman  fell  down  because  it  was  Hot  poesihle. 

and  Edison  succeeds  because  of  his  die cove ry  that  80$f  lime- 

'V' 

will  make,  an  easily,  fusible  ala-er and  that  this  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  subsequent  enrichment  will  make  s  true  Portland 
cement.  It  is  the-  combination  he  elslms  with  such  other 
mechanical  features  as  ha  deems  advisable..  If  the  claims 
on  pages  1  and  2. and  the  definite  composition  given  on 
page  4  are  not  specific  enough,  then  the  Patent  Office 
should  make  a  ruling  as  to- what  sp Seine  combination  of 
materials  means. 

If  it  wottldf  make  it  any  more  specific  to 
state  that  the  allied  is  obtained  from  siliceous  materials 
such  as  quarts,  granite,  gneiss,  trap,  basalt,  sands,  days, 
-feldspar,  ate.  ,  or  an  artificial  product  containing  all  or 
acme  of  the  ingredients  togetnsr  Sittt  wttatsver  uaa  they 
.contain,  with  the  addition  of  limestone  or  qaio arsons 
material,  it  could  be  so  stated.  Tns  iron,  alumina*  magnesia, 


oto. ,  IS  obtained  from  the  name  material*  and  the  total 
requiraraenta  aa  oalled.  fojp.by  Bdison'a  invention  ia  that 
the  combination  ia^a  specific  one,  insomuch  aa  the  resulting 
product  in  the  first,  stage  must  approximate  the  composition 
given  on  page  4 of  the  original  application. 

If  this  ia  not  a  specific  combination,  then 
the  ruling  aa  to  what  constitute®  “specific  Combination*  £8 
arbitrary.  It  apeoifiea  distinctly- about  60*  mica  instead 
of  60  to  64,  and  about  32*  of  silica  instead  of  about  18  to 
24*.  You  might  Incorporate  next  -time  the  "hurry  and  Beaman 
limits  to  ahow  the  contra  at . 

fo  meet  theiT  objection  as  to  the  required: 
temperature-  being-  indefinite,  sill  eay  you  might  add  that  a 
Portland  cement  slag- of  60- to  64*  lime  will  require  a  tern- 
perature  2600  to  3000  deg,  F.  and  that  Bdison's  80*  lime 
elag  In  hie  first  stage  will  require  coiisiderably  lass,  - 
enough  lose  to  tahe  it  out  of  the  imp  riot  leal  to  the 
practical  olaas.  It  ia  not-well  to  give  any  definite  temp¬ 
erature  for  this  50 *  oompoeition,  but  i£  oA^pelied  might 
say  1800  to  8000  deg.  7-  or  SSL *  WsVidg  the  “so*  to  mean  a 
little  lees  or  mere,  as  the  case  may  b*. 

Youie  very  truly* 


irov.  8,  i9ii. 


Dr.  H.  E.  Kiefer, 

Edison  Portland  Cement  Company, 

Stewartsville,  H.  J. 

Dear  Sir: 

Yours  of  the  30th  ult.  with  enclosures^ addressed 
to  Mr.  Henry  lanahan^has  been  received.  Mr.  Danahan  is 
away  at  present; and  the  application  of  Mr.  Edison  has  been 
turned  over  to  me  for  amendment.  Your  notes  contained 
the  information  we  desired  and  have  been  very  helpful  in 
amending  the  application. 

Thanking  you  for  your  interest  and  assistance 
in  this  matter,  I  am, 


EB-KGK 


Yours  very  truly, 


OP  o 


Serial  No.^A . //  <' 


Applicant. 

. . 7^ . . 


Filed...^^7. . ^  '  7°  (> . . 

Assignee. . ASm. . ,  \2+^c 


Examiner’s  Room  No. 


■Z/xT' 


Ass’g’t  Exec... 


3.jJ£.2&-A*iber..\fl-L].. _ Page _ ij2_ 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 
Orange,  New  Jersey. 


•SPECIEICATION- 


TO  ALE  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN ,  that  I,  THOMAS  A1VA  EDISON,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Ilev/ellyn  Park, 
Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  have 
invented  a  certain  new  and  useful  improvement  in  CRUSHING 
ROLLS',  of  which  the  following  is  a  description:- 


My  .invention  relates  to  new  and. useful  improve- . 

ments  in  crushing  rolls,  adapted  particularly  for  crushing 
Portland  Cement.  The  objects  of  my  invention  are  to  pro¬ 
vide  a  construction  of  crushing  rolls  for  the  purpose  in 
which  the  foils  would  he  always  kept  in  perfect  alignment 
so  as  to  operate  to  the  best  advantage,  regardless  of 
irregularities  in  the  stream  of  material  fed  to  the  same, 
and  to  provide  means  by  which. the  driven...roll  may  be  start¬ 
ed  to  rotate  at  the  commencement  of  the  crushing  operation: 
Heretofore,  in  the  construction  of  crushing  rolls  for  the 
purpose,  difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  maintaining  the 
rolls  in  alignment,  resulting  in  the  shafts  becoming  dis¬ 
torted  and  consequent  injury  to  the  journal  boxes.  ■ Further- 


-have  bbeirv'eTy“lfeavy7^CB*^C3*TT'ecassary- 


■+■« . n+..'ir».  jt-frw-  npm«<v&Um  .n.f-„tha  HiM  Tnin— cn3..1.)..-V«i+ .  _./ih3ri,OM-«iy 

d&rlv  ws  — jrt-s-"  r  ota.t^Un.-.£^m--the-.dr-lV'fng-Pol-l---thryough—the  . 


My  improved  crushing  rolls  are  of  a  construction  in  which 


• 

-tho-se  objections  tesMs- been  effectively  overcome.  A 

In  order  that  the'  inventions  may  be  better  under¬ 
stood,  attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawings, 


in  which  - 

Pigure~ly  is  a  side  view  of  the  improved  rolls, ' 

embodying  the  invention-in -its  preferred  form, . . . - 

figure  2,  an  end  view  of  the  same,  . . . 

Pigure  3,  a  plan  view, 

Pigure  4,  a  section  on  the  line  4-4  of  Pigure  1,  and 
Pigure  5,  a  detail  Sectional  view  on  the  line  5-5 
of'  Pigure  1 ,  looking"  upwardly . 

In 'all'  of  tlie  above  views,  cone  sponding  part's  are  repre"- 

-sented  by  the  some  numerals  of  reference.  . - 

The  machine,  is  carried,  preferably,  on  a  .c.oncrete 
or  cement  foundation  1,  formed  with  a  pit  2,  in  which  may 
be  located  a  conveyor  belt  3,  for  carrying  off  the  crushed 
material.  Carried  by  the  foundation  1  are  two  heavy  cross 
pieces  4-4,  keyed  to  the  foundation,  as  shovm,  and  extend¬ 
ing  across  the  pit  2?ahd  bolted  to  the  cross  pieces  4-4 
are  heavy  truss  beams  5-5,  constituting  the  main  frame  of  ixc 
the  machine.  Bolted  rigidly  to  the  cross  beams  5-5  are 
stationary  blocks  6-6,  in  which  are  located  bearings  7  ... . 
for  the  shaft  8  of  the  positive  or  driving  crushing  roll 
9,  the  crushing  surface  of  which  is  relatively  narrow^ as 
shovm.  The  shaft  8  is  driven  from  a  driving  shaft  10 

I  through  a  coupling  11  of  any  suitable  construction.  The 

shaft -10-  carries:  the"  driving'  pulley“12  "and  is' mounted  in . . 

two  -bearings-13  carried  on- suitable  frames  14, -as- shown . - 

Mounted  .on  the. cross,  beams  5-5. are  the  heavy  moyablejblocks. 
15,  carrying  bearings  16-16,  in  which  is  mounted  a  shaft 
17  of  the^negative  or  driven  ;crusliing  roll  18.  This  roll 
is  driven  from  the  driving  roll  9  through  the  intermediate 


I  stream  of  material  in  the  process  of  crushing.  Heretofore 
I  difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  maintaining  the  align-  ( 

|  ment  of  the  shafts  8  and  17,  resulting  in  injury  to  the 
|  hearings  therefor.  With  the  improved  construction  in 
j-  crushing  rolls,  I  employ  a  heavy  bracket  19,  extending 

I 

!  between  the^ movable  blocks  15  and  bolted -to -the  same,  -  -  I 
whereby  the  two  movable  blocks  operate  practically  as  a  1 

single  piece.  The  movable  blocks  15  are  secured  to  the.  \ 

cross  pieces  5  by  bolts  20,  which  work  in  slots  (see  Fi¬ 
gure  5)  so  as  to  permit  the  blocks  to  move  slightly.  Ex- 

. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . on  . . . . . . . . . 

tending  between  the  blocks  6  and  16  each  s  ide  of  the  ma¬ 
chine^  are  two  tie  rods  21,' 'which'  work  between  plates"22' 

;  and  23  between  which  are  located  the  springs  24,  which  - 

Lnormally  hold  the  crushing  rolls  in  ..their,  proper  position _ 

with  a  powerful  pressure,  but  permit  the  rolls  to  separate 
!  under  the  work.  Material  is  fed  to  the  crushing  rolls 
|  through  ihK  a  hopper  25,  supported  by  cross  pieces  26, 
bolted  to  the  blocks  6-6  and  15-15  respectively.  Carried 
|  on  the  shafts  8  and  17  are  two  "nigger  heads "  27,  around 
j- which  a  rope  28  may  be'  passed,  '  as  shown',  whereby  when  the  "  — 

-machine  is  to  be  started,  the  negative  roll  18  may  be  ro- - - 

tated  from  the  drivingro.il.  After,  the  negative  roll  has  . 

been  started,  it  will  be  rotated  effectively  through  the 
stream  of  material  to  be  crushed,  passing  between  them. 

.  .Having. now  described  my. invention  what  i  claim 

as  new  and  desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent  is  as’  fol¬ 
lows  :- 


-3~- 


\ 

;  ...  "  '  -  *  .  | 

?  r  la  ual  la  i  11  LI  U  '1  i  m 

-positive- crushing  roll mounted  in  -fixed-hearings, -of  .  a _ I 

negative  crushing  roll  cooperating  therewith  and  mounted  I 

in  movable,  hearings,,  twoj^lidlng  blocks  supporting  the  | 

movable  bearings  and  a  heavy  cross  piece  connecting  said  \ 

blocks  to  result  practically  in  a  solid  integral  structure,  \ 

"  substari tially 'as  'set'  forth.' . . . . .  "  ""  .'“  .  V 

^  <3r.  In  crushing  rolls,  the  combination  v/ith  two 

parallel  supporting  frames,  and  a  positive  crushing  roll 

. 

mounted  in  stationary  bearings  "carried  by  said  frames, 

'of  a' sliding  block  mounted"  on'  each  frame,  a  heavy  bracket - - , 

-connecting  said  blocks  so  as  to  tie- them  rigidly together 

.  and  a  negative  crushing  roll. mounted  in  bearings  carried 

by  the  movable  blocks,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

. j 

|  tf*  7r.  In  crushing  rolls  the  combination  with  the  • 

|  positive  and. negative,  rolls,  of  the  "nigger  head"- on  the  .....  ..  . 

|  shaft  of  each  roll,  -o^daptod  to-rccoinc 

:  substantially  as  set  forth. 

1 

_ _ _ _ .  Jj 

V- _ 

.  '  . 

S' . . r  1 

. .  .  _  ' 

[ON  BACK  OF  PRECEDING  PAGE] 


Copy  of  the  pending  claims  in  the  application 


/  ->  'iqv  In  a  hearing,  the  combination  of  a  .journal 

box  and  casing,  a  shaft  supported  therein,  said  shaft 

being  reduced  in  diameter  beyond  said  journal  box,  an 
-ps^u 

oil  reservoir  •sur-'ooundilng  said  reduced  portion,  a  packing 
ring  for  closing  the  end  of  said  reservoir,  and  a  wiper 
engaging  said  shaft  beyond  the  packing  ring,  substantially 


The  following  claim  was  inserted  by  amend men' 
paper  No.  -4,  Amendment  B,  October  7,  1908. 

A''  C  ~a-  The  combination  of  a  bearing,  a  shaft  therein. 


for  lubricating  the 


rithin  the  bearing,  a  fixed 


abutment  surrounding  the  shaft  in  close  proximity  thereto, 
a  flange  or  abutment  rigid  with  said  shaft,  a  packing  ring 
of  compressible  material  between  said  abutments,  and  means 
for  holding  said  ring  against  rotation,  substantially  as 

As- 

set  forth.  L- 

The  following  insertion  wus  made  to  this  claim 
by  amendment  0,  paper  No.  0,  November  19,  1909. 

Renumber  claim  8  as  6,  and  in  line  6,  after 
"rotation"  insert  comprising  adjustable  means  extending 
radially  through  the  ring  and  into  the  hearing  _. 


Paper  No.  6,  Amendment  C,  November  19,  1909. 
The  following  pending  claims  were  inserted  b; 


1.  The  combination  -with  -a — bea-r-x-ng-, — a — skaf-t— thoxe-i-H , 
awdrmleans  for  lubricating  the  shaft  within  the  hearing, 
of  a  compressible  packing  ring  surrounding  the  shaft  out- 


s  U: 


side  the  hearing,  said  packing  ring  being  wedge-shaped  in 
cross  section  with  the  base  of  the  wedge  contacting  the 
shaft,  an  abutment  on  onetside  of  the  ring,crand  a  flange 
carrieiPby  trie  shaft  on  the  other  sicie  °of  the ‘^r i ng\cl-Ju-et^" 
^hhcj^tu  ^tTl amp  the  ring  into  firn,  contact  with  the  shaft 
and  the  abutment,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


•fjl - 


The  following  insertion  was  made  hy  amendment 


G,  line  1,\  "a  shaft  and  t 


.journal-bearing  for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same 


-  m 


•and- means  for  lubricating  the  shaft  within  the  hearing, 
of  a  packing  ring  surrounding  the  shaft  outside  the 
bearing,  said  pao.Jd.ng  "ing  being  wedge-shaped  in  oross 

section  with  J,he  base  of  the  v/edge  contacting  the  shaft, 
C*c<CtcL  -UU, 

an  abutment  on  one  side  of  the  ring,  arid  a  flange  carried 
h 

by  the  she, ft  on  the  other  side  of  the  ring,  said  abutment 
and  flange  being  shaped  to  contact  firmly  the  inclined 
sides  of  the  ring,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


The  following  insertion  was  made  by  amendment 


.  shaft  and  a 


journal-hearing  for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same, 


The  combination  with  a-beari-ng-j — a— s'na-f-t— therein,- 


!£) 


-and-iieans  for  lubricating  the  shaft  within  the  bearing, 
of  a  compressible  packing  ring  surrounding  the  shaft  out¬ 
side  the  hearing,  said  packing  ring  being  v/edge- shaped  in 
oross  section  with  the  base  of  the  wedge  contacting  the 

shaft,  an  abutment  -anrtegeHrir  wi-fcbr  the  bearing  on  the  outer 
-i Oxz^-Cji^j  'iAji.  — %  a — 

side  of  the ^ring  finti  a  flange  carried  J^^the  shaft^-e-n— the 


-3- 

firm  contact  with  the  shaft  and  the  abutment,  said  flange 
and  abutment  being  shaped  to  contact  firmly  the  inclined 
sides  of  the  ring,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

The  following  insertion  was  made  to  this  claim 
by  amendment  G,  line  1,  t  >a  shaft  and  a 

journal-bearing  fo-  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same. 


•oOo- 


The  following  claim  was  inserted  by  paper  Do . 

10,  amendment  T3,  December  14,  1911. 

_ | _ _ 

5  .  The  combination  -of  a— beariTtg-; — a- shaf  t~  "t  heTTii'n'," . 

-  - - - — A 

means  for  lubricating  the  shaft  within  the  bearing,  a 

fixed  abutment  surrounding  the  shaft  in  close  proximity 
thereto^,  a  'flange  or  abutment  removably  applied  to  the 
shaft, ^ a  packing  ring  surrounding  the  shaft  between  the 
said  abutments,  and  means  ^r'or  applying  the  Removable  ^ 
abutment  to  thr  shaft  to  force  the  ring  into  firm  contact 
with  the  shaft  and  the  fixed  abutment,  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


The  following  insertion  was  madeby  paper  IJo  .  14, 
amendment  G,  line  1,  j  "a  shaft  and  a 

C '  T- 

'  c?'J. -  journal  hearing  for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same 


■oOo- 


The  following  claim  was  added  by  paper  No.  12, 


amendment  7?,  December  28,  1912. 


_ _  7.  The  combin  atAwi_^j=a^)ea^jrnfri— o-sh-af-t— tlie?ei-n 

4eana  for  lubricating  the  sh:.tft  within  the  bearing,  a  fixed 

^ -i 

abutment,  surrounding  the  shaft  in  olo  ss  proximity  thereto, o' 
a  flange  or  abutment  removably  applied  to  the  shaft 
between  said  bearing  and  said  fixed  abutment,  a  packing 
ring  surrounding  the  shaft  between  the  said  abutments  ,  and 
means  for  applying  the  removable  abutment  to  the  shaft 
to  force  the  ring  into  firm  contact  v/ith  the  shaft  and 
the  fixed  abutment,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

The  following  insertion  wae  made  in  this  claim 
by  paper  Wo.  14,  Amendment  Q ,  January  16,  1914. 

Claim  7,  line  1,-  insert  "a-shaft  and  a 
.journal-bearing  for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same. 


. oOo . 

The  following  claims  were  added  by  Amendment  G, 
January  6,  1914: 

- —  .  "'bearii 

8.  The  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  .jcurnal- 

for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  a  packing  ring 
surrounding  the  shaft  and  located  heyond  the  hearingand  oii’t 
engagement  with  the  bearing,  an  abutment  engaging  one 
side  of  the  ring,  and  a  flange  carried  hy  the  Shaft  and 
engaging  the  other  side  o  f  the  ring,  substantially  as 
described. 

bearing 

9.  The  combination  v/ith  a  shaft  and  a  journal - 
for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  a  packing  ring  sur¬ 
rounding  the  shaft,  an  abutment  engaging  one  side  o  f  the 
ring,  and  a  flange  carried  hy  the  shaft  and  firmly  en¬ 
gaging  the  other  side  of  said  ring,  said  flange  being 


'  -5- 

located  between  said  "bearing  and  ring,  substantially  as 
described . 

bear- 

10  .  The  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal¬ 
ing  for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  a  packing  ring 
su"rounding  the  shaft,  an  abutment  engaging  one  side  of 
the  ring  and  located  "beyond  the  bearing,  and  a  flange 
carried  by  the  shaft  arid  engaging  the  other  side  of  the 
'•ing,  raid  abutment,  ring  and  flange  being  so  shaped  that 
the  engagement  of  the  abutment  and  flange  with  the  ring 
will  maintain  the  latter  in  engagement  with  the  shaft, 
substantially  as  described  . 

11.  The  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal  bearing 
for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  a  packing  ring  sur¬ 
rounding  the  shaft,  means  connected  with  one  end  of  the 
bearing  and  enclosing  the  shaft  comprising  an  abutment 
engaging  one  eide  of  the  ring  and  located  beyond  the 
bearing,  and  a  flange  secured  tp  the  shaft  and  engaging 
the  other  side  of  the  ring,  substantially  as  described. 


Paper  No.  13 Pe.bruary  P.5,  1913. 

Div.  12.  Room  322. 

Prank  B.  Dyer,  ,  ' 

Rdison  laboratory, 

Orange ,  N\  J. 

Thomas  A.  Rdison,  Serial  334411,  Piled  September  13,  1906, 
for  Shaft  Bearings . 

This  case  has'  been  examined  as  amended  Deo.  28,1912 
The  attorney  having  acted  as  notary  in  this  ap¬ 
plication,  a  new  oath  is  required.  123-0.  0.  659. 

Claims  1;  3  ,  5  are  rejected  on  the  patent. to. 

Benjamin  817898,  April  17,'  1906,  64-22,  in  view  of  either 
of  the  patents  to 

British  Agar  10570,  Hay  20,  1905-64-22 
'"end ell  483333,  September  27,  1892-64-22-W .  C. 
which  show  wedge  shaped  packings  to  be  old. 

Claims  4  and  7  are  rejected  on  the  above  refer¬ 
ences,  the  fixed  outer  abutment  being  shown  in  Agar  and 
Wen da 11  cited. 


February  19,  1914. 

Paper  Mo.  16. 

Piy .  12,  Room  322. 


Frank  X,.  Dyer, 

Edison  Laboratory, 

Orange  ,  N  .  .T . 

T.  A.  Edison,  "or  Shaft  Bearings  filed  September  13, 

1906,  Serial  No .  334411. 

Responsive  to  the  communication  of  January  8, 

1914  . 

Claims  1,  3,  4,  5  and  7 , are  finally  rejected 
on  the  references  and  for  the  reasons  of  record.  There 
would  he  no  invention  in  letting  one  of  the  abutting 
flanges  of  Wendell  or  Agar  rotate  with  the  shaft,  in 
view  of  Benjamin.  As  regards  the  point  that  no  hearing 
is  shown  V  Agar,  applicant's  attention  is  directed  to 
the  fact  that  rotating  shafts  are  generally  supported  in 
hearings  . 

Claims  P  to  11  .inclusive,  are  substantially  like 
claims  hereto "ore  presented,  and  are  finally  rejected  on 
the  *-eferences  and  for  the  reasons  above  given. 

Claims  2  and  6  are  allowable  as  at  present  ad- 


ALLOWED  CLAIMS. 


2.  In  a  bearing,  the  combination  of  a  journal 
box  and  casing,,  a  shaft  supported  therein,  said  shaft 
being  reduced  in  diamter  beyond  said  journal  box,  an 
oil  reservoir  for  said  reduced  portion,  a  packing  ring 
for  closing  the  end  of  said  reservoir,  and  a  wiper  engaging 
said  shaft  beyond  the  packing  ring,  substantially  as 
set  forth. 

6.  She  combination  of  a  bearing,  a  shaft  therein, 
means  for  lubricating  the  shaft  within  the  bearing,  a  fixed 
abutment  surrounding  the  shaft  in  close  proximity  thereto, 
a  flange  or  abutment  rigid  with  said  shaft ,  a  packing  ring 
of  compressible  material  between  said  abutments,  and  means 
for  holding  said  ring  against  rotation  comprising  adjustable 
moans  extending  radially  through  the  ring  and  into  the 
bearing,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


CLAIMS  EIMALLY  REJECTED. 

1.  The  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal-bear inf 
for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  means  for  lubricating 
the  shaft  within  the  bearing,  of  a  compressible  packing 
ring  surrounding  the  shaft  outside  the  bearing,  said 
packing  ring  being  wedge-shaped  in  cross  section  with  the 
base  of  the  wedge  contacting  the  shaft,  an  abutment  on 
one  side  of  the  ring,  and  located  beyond  the  bearing, and 
a  flange  carried  by  the  shaft  on  the  other  side  of  the  ring 
and  coacting  with  said  abutment  to  clamp  the  ring  into 
firm  contact  with  the  shaft  and  the  abutment,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 

*  -She  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal-bearing 


for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  means  for  lubricating 
the  shaft  within  the  hearing,  of  a  packing  ring  surrounding 
the  shaft  outside  the  bearing,  said  packing  ring  being 
wedge-shaped  in  cross  section  with  the  base  of  the  wedge 
contacting  the  shaft,  an  abutment  on  one  side  of  the  ring 
and  located  beyond  the  bearing,  and  a  flange  carried  by 
the  shaft  on  the  other  side  of  the  ring,  said  abutment 
and  flange  being  shaped  to  contact  firmly  the  inclined 
sides  !5f  the  ring,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

4.  The  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal¬ 
bearing  for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  means  for 
lubricating  the  shaft  within  the  bearing,  of  a  compressible 
packing  ring  surrounding  the  shaft  outside  the  bearing, 
said  packing  ring  being  wedge-shaped  in  cross  section  with 
the  base  of  the  wedge  contacting  the  shaft,  an  abutment 
secured  to  the  bearing  on  the  outer  side  of  the  ring  and  a 
flange  carried  by  the  shaft  between  the  bearing  and  the  ring 
for  clamping  the  ring  into  firm  contact  with  the  shaft 

and  the  abutment,  said  flange  and  abutment  being  shaped 
to  contact  firmly  the  inclined  sides  of  the  ring,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 

5.  She  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal -bearing 
for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  means  for  lubricating 
the  shaft  within  the  bearing,  a  fixed  abutment  surrounding 
the  shaft  in  close  proximity  thereto  and  beyond  the  bearing  , 
a  flange  or  abutment  removably  applied  to  the  shaf£,  inter¬ 
mediate  its  ends,  a  packing  ring  surrounding  the  shaft 
between  the  said  abutments,  and  means  for  applying  the 
removable  abutment  to  the  shaft  to  force  the  ring  into  firm 
contact  with  the  shaft  and  the  fixed  abutment,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 


7.  The  combination  witb|a  shaft  and  a  journal-hearing 
for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  means  for  lubricating 
the  shaft  within  the  bearing,  a  fixed  abutment  surrounding 
the  shaft  in  close  proximity  thereto,  and  beyond  the 
bearing,  a  flange  or  abutment  removably  applied  to  the  shaft 
between  said  bearing  and  said  fixed  abutment,  a  packing 
ring  surrounding  the  shaft  between  the  said  abutments,  and 
means  for  applying  the  removable  abutment  to  the  shaft 
to  force  the  ring  into  firm  contact  with  the  shaft  and  the 
fixed  abutment,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

0.  She  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal¬ 
bearing  for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  a  packing 
ring  surrounding  the  shaft  and  located  beyond  the  bearing 
and  out  of  engagement  with  the  bearing,  an  abutment  en¬ 
gaging  one  side  of  the  ring,  and  a  flange  carried  by  the 
shaft  and  engaging  the  other  side  of  the  ring,  substantial¬ 
ly  as  described. 

9.  'i'he  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal-bear¬ 
ing  for  the  Shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  a  packing  ring 
surrounding  the  shaft,  an  abutment  engaging  one  side  of  the 
ring,  and  a  flange  carried  by  the  shaft  and  firmly  en¬ 
gaging  the  other  side  of  said  ring,  said  flange  being 
located  between  said  bearing  and  ring,  substantially  as 
descr  ibed 

10.  The  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal-bearing 
for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  a  packing  ring  surround¬ 
ing  the  shaft,  an  abutment  engaging  one  side  of  the  ring 
and  located  beyond  the  bearing,  and  a  flange  carried  by 
the  Shaft  and  engaging  the  other  side  of  the  ring,  said 
abutment,  ring  and  flange  being  so  shaped  that  the  engage¬ 
ment  of  the  abutment  and  flange  with  the  ring  will  maintain 
the  latter  in  engagement  with  the  Shaft,  substantially 
as  described. 


11 •  Che  combination  with  a  shaft  and  a  journal-hearing 
for  the  shaft  enclosing  the  same,  of  a  packing  ring  sur¬ 
rounding  the  shaft,  means  connected  with  one  end  of  the 
hearing  and  enclosing  the  shaft  comprising  an  abutment 
engaging  one  side  of  the  ring  and  located  beyond  the 
bearing,  and  a  flange  secured  to  the  shaft  and  engaging 
the  other  side  of  the  ring,  substantially  as  described. 


petition 


Go  tbe  Commissioner  of  patents : 

I?our  petitioner  thoxap  at.va  km  sow 

a  dtl3en  of  tbe  Tllniteb  States,  reslbing  anb  having  a  post  Office  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Park,  Or»n<jc< ,  County  of  Tlfseex  and  State  of  2Tfcw  Jersey 


pravs  tbat  letters  patent  mas  be  granteb  to  bim  for  tbe  improvements  in 


aSfcJTO?  SURHJKO  APPARATUS 


set  forth  in  tbe  anneieb  specification ;  anb  be  berebs  appoints  jfranh  X.  ®ver 
(■Registration  Too.  560),  of  Ebison  Xaborators,  ©range,  flew  3ersev,  bis 
attorney,  with  full  power  of  substitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosecute  tbis 
application,  to  mafte  alterations  anb  amenbments  therein,  to  receive  tbe  patent, 
anb  to  transact  all  business  in  tbe  patent  ©fffee  connecteb  therewith. 


—  SPECIFICATION  — 


TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  statSB,  residing  at  Llewellyn  Park, 
Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  hatas 
invented  certain  new  and  useful  improvements  in  CEMENT 
BURNING  APPARATUS,  of  whioh  the  following  is  a  description: 

My  Invention  relates  to  improvements  in  ce¬ 
ment  burning  apparatus  and  my  object  is  to  produce  an  ap¬ 
paratus  for  the  purpose  in  which  heat  may  be  more  effect¬ 
ively  abstracted  from  the  olinkered  material  than  is  now 
done,  with  modern  rotary  cement  kilns,  it  is  the  practioe 
to  draw  the  incoming  air  over  the  previously  olinkered  ma¬ 
terial  either  by  accumulating  the  very  hot  clinker  balls 
in  a  chamber  or  pit,  through  which  the  incoming  air  is 
drawn,  or  by  directing  the  clinkered  material  into  a  ro¬ 
tating  cooling  cylinder  through  which  the  incoming  air  is 
oaused  to  pass  before  entering  the  kiln.  Whichever  exped¬ 
ient  is  uBed,the  amount  of  heat  absorbed  from  the  clinker¬ 
ed  material  is  comparatively  small,  so  that  although  enor¬ 
mous  quantities  of  air  require  to  be  burned,  which  if  ef¬ 
ficiently  brought  into  contact  with  the  clinkered  material 
could  be  made  to  absorb  a  very  large  proportion  of  the 
heat  thereof,  yet  under  the  best  modern  practice, the  olin¬ 
kered  material, ••••'hila  still  extremely  hot, is  allowed  to 
radiate  and  dissipate  most  of  its  heat  or  is  forcibly  cool¬ 
ed  by  a  spray  of  water, prior  to  the  grinding  operations, 
and  this  heat  is  entirely  lost.  What  I  propose  in  my  preB- 


1. 


ent  apparatus  is  the  use  of  a  cooling  chamber  connected 
with  the  lower  end  of  the  kiln  and  having  somewhat  the  form 
of  a  blast  fxirnaoe.  In  this  cooling  chamber,  the  hot  olin- 
ker  accumulates  ar*l  is  permitted  to  pasB  slowly  downwards. 
Part  of  the  air  for  supporting  combustion  within  the  kiln 
is  directed  into  the  cooling  chamber  under  pressure  through 
tuyeres ,and  is  caused  to  pubs  upwards  through  the  hot  mass 
in  direct  contact  with  the  same,  so  as  to  effectively  ab¬ 
stract  heat  from  the  cl inhered  material,  the  rest  of  the 
air  being  drawn  directly  into  the  kiln  by  the  draft.  By 
thus  cawing  incoming  air  to  be  forced  into  direct  contact 
with  the  entire  body  of  clinkered  material  a  much  greater 
saving  of  heat  will  be  effected  than  with  the  present  prac¬ 
tice  where  the  incoming  air  at  best  is  brought  only  into 
superficial  contact  with  the  exposed  surface  of  the  hot 
mass . 

In  order  that  the  invention  may  be  better  underBtooi, 
attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawing,  form¬ 
ing  part  of  this  specification,  and  in  whioh  - 

Figure  1,  is  a  seotional  view,  illpistrating  the 
lower  end  of  a  rotary  oement  kiln  with  my  improved  cool¬ 
ing  device  shown  in  connection  therewith,  and 

Figure  2,  a  section  on  the  line  2-2  of  Figure  1. 

In  these  views,  corresponding  parts  are  represented  by  the 
same  numerals  of  reference. 

The  kiln  1  is  of  any  suitable  length,  being  support¬ 
ed  as  heretofore  on  rollers  so  as  to  be  inclined  slightly 
from  the  horizontal  and  being  lined  with  firebrick  2,  so 
as  to  protect  the  walla  3,  which  are  formed  preferably  of 
oast  iron  sections.  The  lower  end  of  the  kiln  opens  into 
a  chamber  4, through  whioh  passes  one  or  more  nozzles  5,  for 
projecting  finely  pulverized  ooal,or  other  fuel,  into  the 
kiln  to  burn  the  material  therein.  Below  the  chamber  4 


is  a  cooling  apparatus  5,  comprising  a  structure  roughly 
resembling  a  blast  furnace  and  of  ary  suitable  height. 

The  cooling  apparatus  ie  formed  preferably  of  cement  or  ,  / 

firebrick  and  is  provided  with  a  channel  or  passage  6,- .  '-.0 

leading  out  from  its  bottom  and  through  Which  the^linker- 
ed  material  will  pass.  Adjaoent  to  tte  passage  6  is  a 
Bcraper  conveyor  7_»  working  in  a  trough  8,  bo  tiiat  as  tho 
conveyor  is  operated  the  mats  rial  will  be  drawn  out  of  the 
cooling  apparatus  at  a  rate  depending  upon  the  movement  of 
the  conveyor.  A  part  of  the  air  for  supplying  combustion 
witliin  the  kiln  is  introduced  within  the  cooling  apparatus 
nBar  its  lower  end  through  tuyeres  9_  under  sufficient  pres¬ 
sure  to  overcome  the  resistance  offered  by  the  mass  of 
olinkered  material  in  the  oooling  apparatus.  I  do  not  con¬ 
sider  it  desirable  to  attempt  to  supply  all  of  the  air  to 
the  kiln  by  meanB  of  the  tuyeres  9,  as  it  would  be  difficult 
to  force  the  enormous  quantity  required  through  the  load 
of  material  in  the  cooling  apparatus.  Assuming,  there¬ 
fore,  that  only  part  of  the  air  is  supplied  through  the 
tuyeres  9,  I  provide  the  chamber  4  with  an  opening  10  in 
itB  rear  wall,  adapted  to  be  opened  to  a  greater  or  Iobs 
extent  by  a  hinged  gate  1JL,  so  that  air  may  be  supplied  di¬ 
rectly  to  the  kiln  by  reason  of  the  draft  therein.  Jn  oper¬ 
ation,  the  olinkered  material  from  the  kiln  will  fall  into 
the  oooling  apparatus  and  accumulates  therein  in  a  mass  of 
such  size  as  may  be  desired, being  drawn  off  at  the  bottom 
by  the  operation  of  the  scraper  conveyor, as  explained.  A 
part  of  the  air  for  the  kiln  is  introduced  within  the  ap¬ 
paratus  through  the  tuyeres  9,  and  1b  blown  through  the 
olinkered  material, bo  that  the  air  is  forced  into  contact 
with  all  portions  of  the  maBB,and  will,  therefore,  very 
perfeotly  abstract  heat  therefrom.  In  this  way  a  much 
larger  proportion  of  heat  may  be  conserved  than  is  possi- 


3. 


ble  with  existing  practice  wherein  tlie  incoming  air  is 
I  merely  brought  into  superficial  contact  with  the  exposed 
surface  of  the  clinkered  mass. 

Having  now  described  ray  invention,  what  J  claim 
s  new  and  desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent  is  as  follows; 

1.  In  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 

|  with  a  rotary  cement-Ojiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  chamber 
I  connected  with  the  lower  end>^thereof ,  means  for  permitting 
the  hot  clinker  from  the  kiln  to>as^s  lowly  through  the 
cooling  chamber,  and  means  for  forcing  ain^under  pressure 
into  the  cooling  chamber,  so  that  the  air  beforfe^eaohing 
the  kiln  passes  through  the  mass  of  hot  clinker,  substfenr 
tially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

2.  In  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  oemeht^kiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  chamber 
oonneoted  therewith,  and>«*5eiving  the  hot  clinker  there¬ 
from,  means  for  progressing  the^hot  clinker  slowly  through 
the  cooling  chamber  and  means  for  blowingair  under  pres¬ 
sure  in  the  cooling  chamber  into  direct  oontSxvtwith  the 
hot  clinker,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  se,t 
forth. 

3.  In  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  oemeht^kiln,  of  a  stationary  oddling  chamber 
connected  with  the  discharge  from  the  kiln  and  receiving 
the  hot  clinker  therefrom,  meanh^or  causing  the  hot  mater¬ 
ial  to  progress  slowly  through  the  oool-ing  chamber , and  a 
tuyere  looatdd  near  the  bottom  of  the  cooling«*Qhtunber  for 
permitting  air  under  pressure  to  be  forced  through  th&^hot^ 
mass  before  reaching  the  kiln,  substantially  as  and  for  th< 
purposes  set  forth. 


4. 


4.  in  a  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  camelHvkiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  ohamber 


connected  with  the  discharge  therefrom,  and  formed  with  an 
inclined  discharge  opening,  a^cboQvcying  device,  located 
adjacent  to  the  an  id  discharge  openirtg^or  regulating  tho 
flow  of  material  in  the  oooling  ohamber ,  arSdvmeans  for  fore -IJj' 


ing  air  under  pressure  within  the  cooling  chamber  and  in 
direot  contact  with  the  hot  material  thefein,  substantial¬ 
ly  as  and  for  the  purposes  Bet  forth. 

ry  \ .  In  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  cement  kiln,  of  a  stationary  oooling  chamber, 
connected  with  the  lower  end  thereof,  m^ans  for  permitting 
the  hot  clinker  from  the  kiln  to  pass  slowly  through  the 

oooling  chamber,  means  for foroing  alr/( undart  pressure  into 

dr  tlcc.  ^ 

the  oooling  chamber  ,A  so  that  the  air  before  reaching  tho 

I  kiln  passes  through  the  mass  of  hot  olln^fr',  \f(, 

introducing  air  directly  into  the  kiln^Bubst/ntiallfa/  | 


and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

£££  *  o  ^ 


SIMs  specification  signet)  anb  wltnesseb  this 


190  -6 


a- 

Witnesses : 

,  - ' _ 

..  _ 


©atb- 


State  of  mew  3erse? 
Count?  of  Essex 


thomas  alva  -dtsoh  ,  tbe  above  naineb 
petitioner,  being  bul?  sworn,  beposes  anb  saps  tbat  be  is  a  citl3enof  tbeUlniteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Lle.wsllyn  Park,  Grange ,  County  Of  Epbox  and 
State  of  Vw  jerrey: 


tbat  be  verilp  believes  bintself  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  sole  inventor  of  tbe 
improvements  in 

ir/Jl'M.'T  iiURNJKO  APPARATUS 

bescribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tbe  annereb  specification;  tbat  be  boes  not  Know  anb 
boes  not  believe  tbat  tbe  same  was  ever  Ftnown  or  useb  before  bis  invention  or 
biscoverp  thereof;  orpatentebor  bescribeb  in  an?  printeb  publication  in  tbe 
Ulniteb  States  of  Hmerica  or  an?  foreign  countr?  before  bis  invention  or 
biscover?  thereof,  or  more  than  two  ?ears  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  patenteb 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tbe  TUniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tbe 
THniteb  States  for  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  tbis  application ;  anb  tbat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  saib  invention  bas  been  fileb  b?  him  or  bis  legal 
representatives  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countr?. 

- - 

Sworn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  tbis  /^-bap-of-^-^--  190  £ 

Jr  * 

[geal]  motar?  public. 


UT  cx>nw>wm^fcLa  ihould  be  aiMrownfb 
Washington,  D.  C." 


Thcrr&n  A.  •  "Id  :l  o  on  , 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C., 


Dec.  7,  1900. 


o/o  'Van?.:  Ti.  'Slyer,  '.j 

Edison  laboratory,  j 

Orange,  IT.  J. 

Please  fln.il  below  a.  commit, nication  from  the  EXAMINER  in,  charge  of  you.v  application, 


for  "Conont  Burning  Airiar&tus 11 ,  filed  }iov»  86.  1900,  v348,04?. 


'£lp  are  rejected  on 

‘'Clayton,  330,  961,  3rov.  24,  1805  (75,  Rev.  Cpl.  ), 
'Lov/ia,  601,700,  Not.  13,  1000  (22?.,  Hot.) 

■  ^  I&ithoy ,  325,259,  Sep.  1,  1885  « 

German  eatont  135,933  (222  Rot.) 

British  patent,  27,753  of  1904  (222,  Rot.) 


IN  THE  tHII TED  STATES  PATENT  OEFIGE. 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 
CEMENT  BURNING  APPARATUS  j 
Piled  November  26,  1906  j 
Serial  Ho.  346,043  J 


Room  No. 


308 


HONORABJiB  COJfflKSSIOmSR  OP  PATENTS 
S  I  R  :  — 

Replying  to  Office  action  of 

December  7,  15)06,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as 
follows : 

Add  the  following  olairn  6: 

-'6  3  in  a  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  cement  kiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  chamber 
connected  with  the  discharge  therefrom,  and  formed  with  a 
contracted  portion  at  itB  lower  end,  terminating  in  a 
discharge  opening,  and  means  for  forcing  air  under  pressure 
within  the  cooling  chamber  through  the  sides  thereof  a»d‘  in 
the  onntraoted  portion  of  said  chamber,  substantially  as 
\  set  forth.  - 

REMARKS  - 

The  olairn  submitted  herewith,  as  well  as  the  olaims 
formerly  in  the  oase,  is  thought  to  be  patentable  over  the 
references. 

The  English  patent  No. 27, 763  to  Gobbe,  is  for  an 
apparatus  for  making  producer  gas  frr  oombustlon  within  the 
kiln.  The  cooling  ohamber  in:  that  patent  is  designated  by 
the  reference  numeral  10,  and  it  is  apparent  that  the  olaimi 
cannot  be  read  upon  this  reference. 

1. 


The  German  Patent  llo. 135,933  to  Hina  does  not  meet 
the  claims  as  in  the  Hina  patent  the  incoming  air  is  drawn 
through  the  clinker  hy  means  of  the  draft  of  the  kiln,  and 
there  is  no  means  for  positively  forcing  the  air  through 
the  clinker.  This  is  also  true  of  the  patent  to  Mathey 
Ho. 325, 259,  while  in  the  patent  to  lewis,  Ho. 661, 700,  the 
incoming  air  does  not  appear  to  he  heated  hy  the  clinker 
at  all. 

The  patent  Ho.  330,691,  does  not  have  the  oooling 
chamber  defined  hy  the  claims,  hut  like  the  English  patent 
has  a  furnace  at  or  beneath  the  discharge  opening  of  the 


|  kiln. 

The  patents  which  have  been  cited  as  references 
therefore,  considered  either  singly  or  in  bulk,  as  they 
have  been  cited  -by  the  Examiner ,  do  not  meet  the  claims, 
and  a  reconsideration  and  allowance  are  therefore  re¬ 
quested. 


Very  respectfully, 


THOMAS  A. JEDI SOH 
By_^ 


Orange,  Hew  Jersey 
October  )  1907 . 


"department  of  the  interior,  I 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  Washington,  d.  c„  Deo.  n,  1907.  '  ' 

o/o  Prank  L.  Dyer, 

Edison  Laboratory, 

Orange,  N.  J. 

Pieasc  find,  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  CEIffiHT  BUHHINCr  APPARATUS,  filed  Hot.  25,  1906,  #346,043. 


This  oase  considered  as  amended  Oot.  16, 


The  claims  are  rejected  on 

Wonts,  #714,843,  Deo.  2,  1902  C222 


1907. 


Hot.). 


IK  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 
CEMENT  BURNING  APPARATUS 
Piled  November  26,  1?06 
Serial  Mo.  545,043 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS: 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  action  of 
December  11,  190.7,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case 
as  follows: 

Cancel  ClaimB  1,  2,  3  and  4. 

Insert  the  following  as  Claim  1: 

|  -  1.  In  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 

with  a  rotary  kiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  chamber  con¬ 
nected  with  the  discharge  therefrom,  and  formed  with  an 
inclined  discharge  opening,  a  soraper  conveyor  working  in 
a  trough  adjacent  the  said  discharge-  opening  for  removing 
the  clinker  from  the  said  opening,  and  regulating  the  flow 
of  the  clinker  in  the  chamber  by  its  speed  of  operation, 
and  means  for  forcing  air  under  pressure  within  the  cooling 
chamber  through  tuyereB  in  the^samp,  so  that  ‘the  aii/passes 
through  and  is  in  direct  oontaot  with  the  hot  clinker  in  the 
chamber  on  its  way  to  the  kiln,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Claim  5i  line  6,  after  "chamber"  insert  -  at  the 
lower  end  thereof  -  .  Line  8,  after  "kiln"  insert  -  and 
regulating  the  flow  thereof  -  . 

Claim  6,  line  6,  cancel  "and"  after  "thereof"  . 

Renumber  Claims  5  and  6  as  2  and  3. 


) 

) 

) 

)  Room  No.  308 

) 

) 


(1) 


I 


.REMARK'S 

The  claims  are  thought  to  distinguish  from  the 
references  hy  speoific  differences  enumerated  therein.  None 
of  the  references  disclose  the  idea  of  introducing  only  a 
part  of  the  air  through  the  hot  clinker  under  pressure,  the 
rest  of  the  air  necessary  for  combustion  in  the  kiln  being 
furnished  independently  and  with  regulation.  Neither  is 
the  specific  type  of  conveyor  shown  in  the  references,  nor 
applicant '.s  construction  of  introducing  air  through  tuyeres 
at  the  lower  inclined  portion  of  the  chamber. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  UDISON 

His  Attorney 


BOrange,  New  Jersey 
(December  8,  1908. 


'  |  a-aeo. 

Room-.--^Og  ~ 

Th*wL,Khll|Jlon”D.00.",<*"lfc 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 
Thoms  A.  Edison,  Washington,  d.  c.. 

o/o  Eran?:  L.  Lyer,  i 

Edison  Laboratory,  | 


Orange,  IT.  ,T.  ,  j 

Please  find  billow  a  communication,  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  cararc  btohisw  .apparatus,  fixed  Hot.  so,  19cm,  #345,043. 


This  oass  considered  as  amended  Deo.  10,  1908. 


The  claims  are  rejeoted  on  Wonts  of  record.  The  distino^- 
tionB  do  not  seem  jiatontably  novel. 


Ill  THE  TOUTED  STATES  PATENT  OPE  ICE 

Thomas  A.  Edison  : 

CEMENT  BURNING  APPARATUS 

Room  No.  308. 

Piled  November  26,  1906 
Serial  No.  345,043  : 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 

SIR; 

In  response  to  Office  action  of 
January  9,  1909,  please  amend  thiB  case  as  follows: 

Claim  1,  line  9,  insert  -  sides  of  the. inclined 
portion  of  the  -  before  "same”. 

REMARKS 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims  as 
they  now  stand  are  respectfully  requested.  The  dis¬ 
tinctions  over  the  ref erences embodied  in  the  claims  are 
thought  to  render  the  same  patentable.  In  Claim  1,  a 
3craper  convoyor  which  regulates  the  flow  of  clinker  in 
the  chamber  by  its  speed  of  operation  is  claimed.  This 
is  not  shown  in  the  references.  This  claim  likewise  is 
limited  to  means  for  forcing  air  under  pressure  within 
the  cooling  chamber  through  tuyeres  in  the  sides  of  the 
chamber.  In  V/enta  of  record,  the  air  is  forced  axially 
•  into  the  chamber.  Because  of  that  construction,  the 
patentee  finds  it  necessary  to  use  baffle  plates  for 


(1) 


spraying  the  air  out  through  the  clinker.  By  forcing 
the  air  through  openings  in  the  side  of  the  inclined 
portion  of  the  chamber,  such  a  construction  as  that  of 
V/entz  is  rendered  unnecessary.  In  Claim  2,  moans  are 
claimed  for  forcing  air  under  pressure  into  the  oooling 
chamber  at  the  lower  end  thereof,  and,  in  addition,  means 
for  introducing  air  directly  into  the  kiln  and  regulating 
the  flow  thereof.  This  is  not  shown  in  any  of  the 
references,  and  is  a  valuable  feature,  since  it  would 
be  difficult  to  force  the  enormous  quantity  of  air  re¬ 
quired  for  the  kiln  through  the  load  of  clinker  in  the 
oooling  apparatus.  In  Claim  3,  as  in  Claim  1,  means 
are  claimed  for  forcing  air  under  pressure  within  the 
cooling  chamber  through  the  Bide3  thereof  in  the  contract¬ 
ed  portion  of  the  chamber,  which  is  thought  to  be  a 
patentable  distinction. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 


His  Attorney 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
January  5th,  1910. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  J.'UI  , 


uim 

10:1.0. 


Tiioaan  A.  Bill  a  on, 

,0/o  yrnale.  %*  Dyer, 

Bdi non  laboratory, 

Please  find  below  a^camm'urlicalioi? frorn 


U.S, PATENT  OFFICE, 
mm  9,1  1910 

M  A  I  L-E  P- 


the  EXAHIHER  in  charge  of  your  application, 


No,  348 , 043 ,  Cement  ’Suroing  Apparntuo ,  filed  November  so,  1908, 


T'nfo  cane  hao  been  reconsidered  In  view  of  she  Amendment 
of.  "January-  0,  1910. 

#ha  claims  are  again  rojectod  on  Wont?,,  of  record. 

Tbe  once  iu  held  to  contain  no filling  patentable  oyer  said 
reference.  This  action  is  made  final  in' accordance  with  the 
spirit  of  the  decision  in  Bx  parte .Biller,  150  0.  (5.,  '8.37',  and 
the  case  in  in  condition  for  appeal. 


[FROM  HENRY  LANAHAN] 


.Me . 


22,  190i 


Mr.  Y/alter  B,  Mallory, 

Edison  Portland  Cement  Company, 

Stewartsville,  New  Jersey. 

Dear  Sir: 

You  will  find  enclosed  herewith,  a  copy  of  the 
speoif ioation  and  print  of  the  drawing  Cof:  an  application 
v/hioh  Mr.  Edison  has  filed  for  a  patent  for  ocwent  burning 
apparatus.  The  claims  now  in  the  case,  throe  in  number, 
are  under  final  rejection.  In  the  apparatus  shown  in  the 
drawing,  you  will  note  that  a  part  of  the  air  for  supplying 
combustion  within  the  kiln  is  introduced  through  the  twyers 
9  and  the  hot  clinker,  and  the  rest  of  the  air  is  supplied 
through  the  opening  ID  whioh  may  be  opened  to  a  greater  or 
less  extent  by  the  hinged  gate  11/'  The  references  show 
all  the  essential  features  of  thiB  apparatus,  except  the 
additional  means  10  and  11  for  supplying  air  direotly  to  the 
kiln/. 

Y/e  are  trying  to  decide  whether, r  oas  e  is  of 

sufficient  importance  to  warrant  the  trouble  and  expense  of 
an  appeal.  ¥7ill  you  kindly  advise  ub  whether  the  apparatus 


described  in  this  application  has  been  found  to  be  of 


\V.  6.  Mallory  -2-  Deo,  22,  1910. 

practical  importance,  and  particularly,  whether  it  has  been 
found  important  practically  to  supply  a  part  of  the  air 
through  the  hot  clinker,  and  a  part  of  it  through  an  ad¬ 
justable  opening  leading  directly  from  the  atmosphere  outBide 
the  kiln  to  the  interior  of  the  kiln.  We  must  take  appro-*?' 
priato  action  in  this  case  before  January  20,  1911,  and  you 
are,  therefore,  requested  to  give  this  matter  your  prompt 
attention. 

Dlease  return  the  specification  and  print  with 
your  reply,  as  these  are  the  only  copies  we  have. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Hl/KGK 

(Enclosures) 


TKe  Edison  Portland  Cement  Co 

°'  "°AU"  Telegraph,  Freight  and  Paisengcr  Station,  NEW  VILLAGE.  N.  J.  p*„  Area. 

—  P.  o  address.  STEW ARTSVILLE,  N.  J.  =1"' “I::  "“f'“ 


December  23,  1910. 


Ur.  Prank  I.  Dyer, 

legal  Department , 

Orange,  N.  J. 

Dear  Sir:- 


to* 


m 


In  Mr.  Malloxy'8  absence  from  the 
office,  we  beg  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  yours  22nd, 
enclosing  a  copy  of  specifications  and  print  of  the 
drawing  which  Mr.  Edison  has  filed,  patent  on  cement 
burning  apparatus. 


Ab  soon  as  Mr.  Mallory  returns  to  the 
office  we  will  place  your  communication  before  him,  and 
it  will  receive  his  personal  and  prompt  attention. 

Yours  very  truly, 


Assistant  to  President. 


TKe  Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 

°r  n°A,,D  Telegraph,  Freight  and  Passenger  Station,  NEW  VILLAGE,  N.  J.  Y.**'  8t.C J 

P.  o  address,  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J.  N‘t‘“ 

lir.  Frank  Dyer,  Counsel, 

Edison  Laboratory, 

Orange,  H.  J. 

Dear  Sir:- 

Your  favor  of  the  :?.2nd  to  Kr.  Kallory 
has  been  referred  to  the.  writer  and  in  reply  will  say 
that  while  I  am  very  sorry  to  see  the  application  fail 
I  should  hesitate  to  recommend  the  expense  of  an  appeal. 

I  am  familiar  with  the  Wentz  patent 
which  was  issued  to  Robert  J\  Wentz  of  Nazareth  8  or 
10  years  ago  and  as  far  as  I  know  it  is  the  only  patent 
cited  that  is  at  a]l  relevant  to  the  case.  It  does 
cover  part  of  the  Edison  claims  but  it  has  never  been 
a  success.  Dexter  tried  it  and  several  We stern  mills 
tried  it. 

As  to  the  present  status  of  the  hinged 
gate  being  the  only  new  feature  will  say  this  is  a 
doubtful  practical  utility.  There  is  so 


January  4,  1911. 


much  air  enters 


the  kiln  through  openings  around  the  hood  und  espe¬ 
cially  between  the  shell  and  the  annular  opening  into 
which  it  extends  that  accurate  regulation  by  means  of 
gate  at  10  would  be  rather  questionable.  If  it  de¬ 
pends  on  this  for  an  appeal  I  should  say  drop  it. 

In  reply  to  the  latter  part  of  your 
letter  will  say  the  above  uncontrollable  factor  has 
always  made  it  impossible  to  demonstrate  positively 
whether  it  is  practically  economical  to  pass  part  of 
the  air  over  the  hot  clinker. 

Most  mills  do  it  to  a  greater  or  less 
extent  but  the  Vulc- ni te ,  the  American,  the  Lawrence 
and  others  have  no  pits  for  storing  clinker  but  merely 
a  passageway  for  the  clinker  to  fall  by  gravity  to 
the  elevator  boot.  There  is  some  little  heating  of 
the  air  here  but  it  is  unavoidable  and  was  not  designed 
for  that  purpose. 

There  is  room  for  Mr.  lidison  to  invent 
a  discharge  end  for  a  kiln  which  end  will  not  have 'an 
annular  opening  between  the  shell  and  the  hood  and  if  le 


can  prevent  ::.lr  entering  there  he  can  pass  as  much  or 
as  little  air  over ' the  clinker  as  desirable  and  regu¬ 
late  the  balance  by' gate  -y'10. 

1’or  our  kilns  the  total,  air  would  only 
be  about  6,000  to  7,000  cubic  feet  per  minute  and  this 
does  not  seem  excessive  to  me  especially  in  view  of 
the  fact  that  it  would  all  be  heated  and  v;e  should 
gain  in  efficiency. 

If  I  understand  it  rightly  amendments 
are  in  order  and  an  amendment  to  cover  a  device  as 
suggested  where  X  have  pencilled  X  on  the  drawing  in 
conjunction  with  the  balance  of  the  device  would  not 
only  be  new  and  novel  but  would  undoubtedly  be  econo¬ 
mical.  Svery  other  possible  air  inlet  can  be  overcome. 


m  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OEFICE. 


I 

|  THOMAS  A.  EDI SOU,  ) 

i|  CEMENT  BURNING  APPARATUS,  ) 

lulled  November  26,  1906,  ) 

j|  Serial.  No,  345,0-13,  ) 


Room  No,  169, 


jj  U’o  the  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 

1  SIR: 

'!  I  hereby  appeal  to  the  Examiners- 

jj  in-Chi  af  from  the  decision  of  the  Principal  Examiner,  in 
|| the  matter  of  my  application  for  Bettoro  patent  for  an 

|  improvement  in  C ament  Burning  Apparatus,  filed  November 

| 

26,  1906,  Serial  No.  345,043,  which,  on  the  21st  day  of 

s 

Ijjanuary,  1910,  was  rejected  the  second  time.  The  following 
fare  the  points  of  the  decision  on  v/hich  the  appeal  is  taken; 

j! 

||  (1)  The  Examiner  erred  in  finally  rejecting  the 

claims  and  each  of  them. 

(2)  The  Examiner  erred  in  not  allowing  the  claims 
land  each  of  them. 

(3)  The  Examiner  erred  in  holding  that  the  claims  do 
not  differentiate  from  the  prior  art  and  that  they  are 
without  patentable  novelty. 

An  oral  hearing  is  requested. 

Signed  at  Nest  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State 
of  New  Jersey,  this  day  of  January,  1911, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

y  ^  „ 

!  His  Attorney. 


Clfidworu 

TKe  Edison  Portland  Cement  Co 

or  ,M>An®  Telegraph,  Freight  and  Passenger  Station,  NEW  VILLAGE.  N.  J.  jJJJJJ** 

p.  o  address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J.  = 


Henry  Lanahan,  Esq., 

Edison  Laboratory, 

Orange,  H.  J. 


January  7,  1911. 


Dear  Sir;- 

Replying  to  yours  of  5th,  will  eay 
I  expeot  to  be  away  the  first  few  days  next  week,  but 
oould  meet  you  any  time  after  Wednesday. 

Inasmuch  as  I  do  not  think  you  are 
familiar  with  standard  kilns,  it  strikes  me  that  it 
would  be  much  better  for  you  to  come  here  where  I  can 
take  you  to  a  kiln  and  show  you  clearly  any  points 
about  which  you  are  in  doubt. 

Very  truly, 


Mr.  H.  TS.  Kiefer, 

Kdison  Portland  Cement  Company, 

Stewartsville,  Kew  Jersey. 

Dear  Sir: 

I  have  deferred  replying  to  your  letter  of  January  7£h, 
■because  I  have  been  waiting  for  further  information  from  the 
Patent  Office  in  regard  to  the  application  for  Cement  Burning 
Apparatus,  on  which  we  are  going  to  take  an  appeal.  After  I 
receive  this  information,  1  shall  endeavor  to  find  time  to 
come  over  to  Stewartsville  to  talk  the  matter  over  with  you 
and  to  look  about  the  works,  I  shall  oommunioate  with  you 
later  either  by  letter  or  by  telephone  to  make  an  appointment. 


HL/kGK 


Yours  very  truly, 


Appeal  is  taken  from  the  action  of. the  Examiner  in  finally 
rejecting  the  following  claims: 

1.  In  a  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  kiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  chamber  con¬ 
nected  with  the  discharge  therefrom,  and  formed  with  an 
inclined  discharge  opening,. .a  scraper  conveyor  working  in 
a  trough  adjacent  the  said  discharge  opening  for  removing 
the  clinker  from  the  said  opening,  and  regulating  the  flow 
of  the  clinker  in  the  chamber  by  its  speed  of  operation, ' 
and  means  for  forcing  air  under  pressure  within  the  cooling 
chamber  through  tuyeres  in  the  sides  of  the  inclined  portion 
oJT  the  same ,  so  that  the  air  passes  through  and"’ is  in  direct 
contact  with  the  hot  clinker  in  the  chamber  on  its  way  to 
the  kiln,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

■  P .  in  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  cement  kiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  cham¬ 
ber  connected  with  the  lower  end  thereof,  means  for  per¬ 
mitting  the  hot  clinker  from  the  kiln. to  pass  slowly  through 
the  cooling  chamber,  means  for  forcing  air  under  pressure 
into  the  cooling  chamber  at  the  lower  end  thereof,  so  that 
the  air  before  reaching  the  kiln  passes  through  the  rnaBB  of 
hot  clinker,  and  means  for  Introducing  air  dlreotlv  into  the 
kiln  and  regulating  the  flow  tJi.ere.ofj_  substantially  as  and 
for- tlie’"purp o s'etT  ¥it~ forblu  ” 

3.  In  a  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary,  cement  kiln,  of  a  stationary- cooling,  chamber 
connected  with  the  discharge  therefrom,  and  formed  with  a 
contracted  portion  at  its  lower  end,  terminating  in  a  dis¬ 
charge  opening,  and  means  for  forcing  air  under  pressure 
within  the  cooling  chamber  through  the  eidoB  thereof  in 
tho  contracted  portion  of  said  chamber,  substantially^ as 
'set'fortlf.  ~  ~  .*  ••  ; :  •. .  . 

The  reference  1b: 


Wentz,  714,843,  December  2,  1902, 


345,043,  2. 


The  invention  relates  to  a  stationary  cement  cooler  with  a 
contracted  bottom.  Through  the  sides  of  the  latter  air  is 
forced  under  pressure.  Veans  are  also  shown  for  removing  the 
clinker  and  regulating  the  flow  of  the  clinker  in  the  cooler  by 
its  speed  of  operation. 

Wentz  of  record  discloses  a  stationary  cooler,  with  meanB 
for  removing  the  clinker  and  regulating  the  flow  of  the  clinker., 
by  its  speed  of  operation.  Instead  of  introducing  the  air 
through  the  sides  of  the  contracted  bottom,  as  in  applicant's 
apparatus,  Wentz  uses  a  series  of  defleotors,  4555,  centrally 
supported  in  the  chamber.  Air  is  blown  through  the  clinker  as 
it  passes  from  one  deflector  to  the  other  by  means  of  a  perforat¬ 
ed  vertical  pipe  centrally  located  in  said  cooler. 

It  is  held  that  the  substitution  of  tuyeres  in  the  sides  of 
the  inclined  portion  of  the  cooling  chamber,  in  place  of  the  de¬ 
flectors  and  central  pipe  of  Wentz's  apparatus,  does  not  involve 
invention. 

Kespectfully  submitted, 


Examiner, 

Division  31. 


January  21,  1911. 


191/ 


S1)130'^^  wil1  be  heard  by  the  {  Examiners- in-Ohief 
on  the.^/^  day  of  —  ’  191/ 

It  is  the  o&arf/on  the  assignment  for  that  day. 

The  hearings  will  oommenoe  at  '  olook,  and  as  soon  as 

the  argument  in  one  oase  is  oonoluded  the  suooeeding  oase  will 
be  taken  up. 

If  any  party,  or  his  attorney,  shall  not  appear  when  the 
oase  is  oalled,  his  right  to  an  oral  hearing  will  be  regarded 
as  waived. 

The  time  allowed  for  arguments  is  as  follows: 

Ex  parte  oases,  thirty  minutes; 

•Motions,  thirty  minutes,  eaoh  side; 

Interference  appeals,  final  hearing,  one  hour  eaoh  side. 

\y  speoial  leave,  obtained  before  the  argument  is  oommenoed, 
the  time  may  be  extended. 

The  appellant  shall  have  the  right  to  open  and  oonolude  in 
interference  oases,  and  in  suoh  oase  a  full  and  fair  opening 
must  be  made . 

Briefs  in  interference  appeals  must  be  filed  in  aooordanoe 
with  the  provisions  of  Rule  147. 


Respeotfully, 


The  oase  of 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 


DEPARTMENT  OP  THE  INTERIOR 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


In  1-0  application  of  1 
Thom;] a  A.  Edison  ) 
CBUEJTC  BURNING  APPARATUS  ) 
Filed  Nov.  26,  1906  j 
Serial  Ho.  345,043  ) 


Before  the  Honorable  Board 
of  Examiners -In  -Chief 
on  Appeal 


APPELLANT'S  BRIEF 


This  is  an  appeal  taken  from  the  aotion  of  the 
Bxuminor  in  finally  rejecting  tho  olaims  in  the  above 
entitled  applioution.  The  olaims  rejected  are  as 
follows :  - 


"1.  In  a  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  kiln,  of  a  stationary  oooling  chamber 
oonneotod  with  the  discharge  therefrom,  and  formed 
with  an  inclined  discharge  opening,  a  soraper  con- 
voyor  working  in  a  trough,  adjaoant  tho  said  dis¬ 
charge  opening  for  removing  the  olinker  from  the 
said  opening ,  and  regulating  the  flow  of  the  olinker 
in  the  chamber  by  its  speed  of  operation,  and  means 
for  forcing  aii-  under  pressure  within  the  oooling 
ohamher  through  tuyeros  in  the  sides  of  tho  inclined 
portion  of  the  same,  so  that  the  air  passes  through 
and  is  in  direct  contact  with  the  hot  olinker  in  the 
ohamher  on  its  way  to  the  kiln,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 

2.  In  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotary  cement  kiln;  of  a  stationary  cooling  cham 
oer  connect  eel  with  the  lower  end  thereof,  means  for  pe:r 
mitting  the  hot  olinker  from  the  kiln  tc  pass  slowly 
through  the  oooling  chamber,  means  for  foroing  air 
under  pressure  into  the  oooling  chamber  at  tho  lower 
end  thereof,  so  that  the  air  before  reaohing '..the' kiln 
passes  through  the  mass,  of  hot  olinker,  and  means  for 
introducing  air  direotly  into  the  kiln  and  regulating 
the  flow  thereof,  substantially  as  ana  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  set  forth. 


3.  In  a  nement  burning  apparatus,  the  combina¬ 
tion  with  a  rotary  oeraeht  kiln,  of  a  stationary 
oooling  chamber  oonneotea  with  the  discharge  there¬ 
from,  and  formed  with  a  contracted  portion  at  its 


(1) 


lower  end,  terminating  in  a  disoharge  opening, 
and  means  for  forolng  air  under  pressure  within 
the  o ooling  chamber  through  the  sides  thereof  in 
the  oontrsoted  portion  of  said  ohamber,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth." 

The  invention  relates  to  improvements  in  oement 
burning  apparatus,  and  more  particularly  to  rotary  oement 
kilns.  In  this  olass  of  apparatus,  the  material  or  ore 
to  be  oaloined  is  fed  into  the  upper  end'"of  a  slightly 
inclined  rotary  kiln  and  subjected  to  intense  heat  pro¬ 
duced  by  combustion  within  the  kiln.  The  oombustible 
material,  suoh  as  finely  pulverized  ooal  or  other  fuel, 
together  with  a  suitable  quantity  of  air,  iB  introduced 
into  the  lower  end  of  the  kiln:  The  ore  or  material 
to  be  oaloined  moves,  slowly  through  the  kiln  under  the  ■ 
combined  aotion  of  gravity  and  the  rotation  of  the  kiln. 
The  oaloined  material  or  olinker  is  discharged  from  the 
lower  end  of  the  kiln  at  a  high  temperature.  The  inven¬ 
tion  oovered  by  the  olaims  in  this  application  relates 
to  means  for  oooling  the  hot  olinkered  material,  and  at 
the  same  time  utilizing  the  heat  abstracted  therefrom. 

In  the  apparatus  invented  by  applicant,  a  oool¬ 
ing  ohamber  is  provided  for  receiving  the  hot  olinkered 
material  as  it  is  discharged  from  the  lower  end  of  the 
rotary  kiln.  The  oooling  ohamber  has  a  oontraoted  por¬ 
tion  in  the  lower  part  formed  by  walls  inwardly  inclined 
toward  the  bottom,  and  has  a  disoharge>  opening  at  the 
bottom.  Means  for  foroing  air  under  pressure  through 
the  hot  olinkered  mass  is  provided  in  the  form  of  pipes 
or  tuyeres,  whioh  pass  through  the  inolined  sideB  of 
the  oooling  ohamber.  The  shape  of  the  lower  portion 
of  the  oooling  ohamber,  that  is,  the  portion  having  the 


(2) 


inolined  walls,  is  suoh  as  to  oause  the  olinkered  material 
to  be  so  oompaoted  that  the  air  forced  in  through  the 
tuyeres  will  oome  into  intimate  oontaot  with  all  portions 
of  the  material,  thereby  affording  ample  opportunity  for 
the  transfer  of  heat  from  the  hot  material  to  the  oooler 
air.  "he  advantage  of  this  struoture  over  that  shown 
in  the  reference  will  be  pointed  out  hereinafter. 

The  cooling  chamber  has  an  upper  portion  whioh 
fits  closely  around  the  lower  end  of  the  rotary  kiln,  ana 
which  is  provided  with  an  opening  or  openings  for  intro¬ 
ducing  one  or  more  nozzles  for  projecting  the  finely  pul¬ 
verized  coal  or  other  fuel  into  the  kiln,  and  also  with  an 
additional  opening  whioh  is  covered  by  an  adjustable 
gate.  This  additional  opening  with  itB  adjustable  gate 
furnishes  means  for  introducing  air  direotly  into  the  kiln 
and  regulating  the  flow  thereof,  whioh  is  considered  to 
be  an  important  feature  of  this  invention.  Very  large 
quantities  of  air  are  required  in  apparatus  of  this  olaas 
to  produce  oomplete  oombustion,  and  it  is  desirable  to  be 
able  to  supply  air  direotly  from  the  outside  and  independ¬ 
ently  of  the  tuyeres,  and  to  regulate  the  amount  of  the 
air  so  admitted. 

Beneath  the  opening  of  the  oooling  ohamber  there 
is  provided  a  soraper  oonveyor  working  in  a  trough  for 
oonveying  away  the  material  aB  it  oomes  from  the  oooling 
ohamber,  and  the  rate  of  discharge  of  this  material  may 
be  controlled  by  controlling  the  speed  of  the  oonveyor. 

It  will  be  apparent  that  anplioant  has  invented  a  simple 
and  efficient  mechanism  for  oooling  the  olinkered  mater¬ 
ial,  for  utilizing  the  heat  abstracted  therefrom,  for 


(3) 


controlling  the  relative  amounts  c£  air  supplied  through 
the  olinkered  material  ana  directly  from  the  outside,  and 
for  controlling  the  rate  at  whioh  the  discharge  of  the 
olinkered  material  takes  place.' 

The  olaims  of  the  application  have  been  rebooted 
on  the  patent  to  Went?.,  Ho.  714,843,  granted  December  2, 
1902.  This  patent  disoloses  a  very  complicated  apparatus 
for  producing  some  of  the  results  attained  in  applicant's 
apparatus.  The  patent  to  Wentz  discloses  a  oooling  cham¬ 
ber  whioh  is  provided  with  a  series  of  defleotors  and  a 
series  of  hopper-shaped  plates.  Air  is  forced  into  the 
interior  of  this  oooling  ohamber  through  a  tube  or  pips 
passing  into  the  interior  of  the  oooling  ohamber  and 
having  openings  in  its  sides.  Y/entz  also  provides  means 
for  supplying  water  as  an  additional  cooling  means.  The 
air  whioh  has  been  heated  by  the  olinker,  together  with 
the  steam  produoefl  from  the  water  may  be  fed  direotly 
into  the  lower  end  of  the  kiln,  or  may  he  mixed  with  the 
fuel,  and  the  mixture  fed  into  the  kiln.  Wentz,  however, 
has  provided  absolutely  no  means  by  whioh  air  may  be 
introduoed  direotly  into  the  kiln  and  its  rata  of  flow 
regulated.  This  featuro  is  oonEidered  to  be  of  great  v 
advantage  in  applicant's  apparatus,  and  it  is  inoiuded  .  N 
in  Claim  2.  for  this  reason  Claim  2  is  thought  to  be 
dearly  patentable  over  the  reference. 

■'  f  \ 

By  providing  means  forfforoing  air  under  !  '■ 
pressure  into  the  kiln  ohamber  through  tuyeres  in  the  j\ 
sides  of  the  inolined  walls  of  the  same,  applicant  has'-' 
been  enabled  to  dispense  with  the  exceedingly  oomplioated 
arrangement  of  defleotors  and  hopper-shaped  plates  used  v; 

(4) 


1 


I 


by  Wentz,  and  to  obtain  an  equal  or  superior  result  with 
a  much  simpler  struoture.  As  pointed  out  hereinbefore, 
the  Bhape  of  the  lower  part  of  the  applicant's  cooling 
ohamber  i3  suoh  as  to  oompaot  the  material  where  the  air 
is  foroed  into  it,  thereby  produoing  a  maximum  cooling 
effeot  upon  the  alinker  and  a  maximum  heating  effeot  upon 
the  air.  In  the  struoture  shown  in  Wentz,  onoh  ourront 
of  air  passes  through  only  a  small  portion  of  the  olinkered 
material,  and  through  a  portion  of  the  material  where  it 
is  very  loose ,  that  is,  whore  the  material  is  falling 
freely  from  a  doflootor  into  the  hopper  below  it.  Appli¬ 
cant's  simple  struoture,  therefore,  possesses  decided 
advantages  over  the  very  complex  structure  shown  in  the 
patent.  it  is  believed  that  these  features  are  olearly 
brought  out  in  ClairaB  1  and  3. 

Furthermore,  in  Claim  1  there  is  reoited  - 

"a  soraper  conveyor  working  in  a  trough  adjacent 
the  said  discharge  opening  for  removing  the 
clinker  from  the  said  opening,  and  regulating 
the  flow  of  the  olinkor  in  the  ohamber  by  its 
speed  of  operation" . 

The  struoture  shown  in  Wentz  includes  a  vertically  ad¬ 
justable  chute  or  duct,  whebeby  the  space  between  the 
discharge  opening  and  a  rotating  table  beneath  the  same 
may  be  adjusted.  [There  is  provided  a  stationary  soraper 
held  above  the  table  for  the  purpose  of  arresting  the 
plinlcer  oarried  around  by  the  table,  and  oausing  it  to  be 
fed  off  into  a  receiving  hopper.  In  the  specification  of 
the  Went z  patent  it  is  stated  that  the  rate  of  discharge 
is  determined  by  the. space  between  the  duot  and  the  table 
and  the  speed  of  revolution  of  the  latter.  (See  page  5, 


(5) 


'  lines  69-72  inclusive)  It  is  doubtful  whether  the  speed 
of  the  table  would  have  muoh  effeot  in  determining  the 
rate  of  discharge.  The  effeot  of  the  table  in  influenoing 
the  disoharge  depends  on  the  frictional  engagement  between 
the  table  and  the  olinkered  material.  In  applicant's 
arrangement,  a  positively  acting  means  for  controlling  the 
rate  of  disoharge  is  provided,  which  depends  only  on  the 
speed  of  the  oonveyor. 

It  is  also  to  be  noted  that  in  the  apparatus 
shown  in  Wentz,  both  the  air  and  fuel  are  forced  into  the 
kiln  in  jets,  whereas,  in  applicant 'b  apparatus,  the  air 
is  fed  in  a  diffused  body  surrounding  the  fuel  jet  and 
adapted  to  oommingle  with  the  fuel  in  the  most  efficient 

I  manner.  This  result  is  due  to  the  provision  of  a  single 
oooling  chamber  of  large  oross  seotion  direatly  connected 
with  thp  lower  end  of  the  rotary  kiln,  and  without  ob¬ 
structions  therein  to  retard  the  flow  of  air,  instead 
of  employing  the  complicated  system  of  pipe  connections 
shown  in  the  reference. 

It  is  thought  that  it  has  been  clearly  pointed 
out  in  the  foregoing  remarks  that  oertain  essential  differ¬ 
ences  exist  between  the  structure  shown  and  claimed  in  this 
application  and  the  structure  shown  in  the  patent,;  and 
that  oertain  substantial  advantages  are  due  to  these 
differences.  The  Honorable  Board  of  Examiners -in -Chief  are 
I  therefore  respeotfully  requested  to  adjudge  the  claims 
in  issue  patentable  in  their  decision  on  this  appeal.  \ 
Respeotfully  submitted,  :  \ 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON, 

By  _ _ _ _ _ 

Orange.  H.  .T.  His  Attorney  j$ 

May  8,  1911. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 


By  direction  of  the  Commissioner: 


Very  respectfully, 


J 


.n.n. 


Appeal  Ho.  3904.  U.  3.  PATENT  OFFICE.  Way  15,  1911. 

Before  the  Examiner s-in-Chief ,  on  Appeal . 

Applioation  of  Thomas  A,  Edison  for  a  patent  for  an  improve¬ 
ment  in  Cement  Burning  Apparatus,  filed  November  26,  1906,  Serial 
Ho.  345,043  . 

Hr.  Frank  L,  Dyer,  attorney  for  appellant. 

The  applicant,  has  appealed  from  the  action  of  the  primary 
examiner  finally  rejecting  the  following  claims; - 


1.  In  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination  with 
n  rotary  kiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  chamber  connected 
with  the  discharge  therefrom,  and  formed  with  an  inclined 
disoharge  opening,  a  scraper  conveyor  working  in  a  trough 
adjacent  the  said  discharge  opening  for  removing  the  clinker 
from  the  SRid  opening,  and  regulating  the  flow  of  the  alinker 
in.  the  chamber  by  its  speed  of  operation,  and  means  for  forc¬ 
ing  air  under  pressure  within  the  cooling  chamber  through 
tuyeres  in  the  sides  of  the  inclined  portion  of  the  same,  so 
that  the  air  passes  through  and  is  in  direct  contact  with  the 
hot  olinker  in  the  chamber  on  its  way  to  the  kiln,  substan¬ 
tially  ns  set  forth  . 

2.  In  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination  with 
a  rotary  cement  kiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  chamber  con¬ 
nected  with  the  lower  end  thereof,  means  for  permitting  the 
hot  olinker  from  the  kiln  to  pass  slowly  through  the  cooling 
chamber,  means  for  forcing  air  under  pressure  into  the  cooling 
chamber,  at  the  lower  end  thereof,  so  that  the  air  before 
reaching  the  kiln  passes  through  the  mass  of  hot  clinker,  and 
means  for  introducing  air  directly  into  the  kiln,  and  regulat¬ 
ing  the  flow  thereof,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes 
set  forth. 

3.  In  a  cement  burning  apparatus,  the  combination  with 

a  rotary  cement  kiln,  of  a  stationary  cooling  oharaber  connect¬ 
ed  with  the  disoharge  therefrom,  and  formed  with  a  contracted 
portion  at  its  lower  end,  terminating  in  a  discharge  opening, 
and  means  for  forcing  air  under  pressure  within  the  cooling 
chamber  through  the  sidee  thereof  in  the  contracted  portion 
of  said  ohamber,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


The  reference  cited  is;- 


Wentz , 


714,843, 


December  2,  1902 


.  //3904---2. 

Ho  error  1b  found  in  the  notion  of  the  primary  examiner  re¬ 
jecting  the  appealed  claims.  The  conveyor  52,  53,  Pig.  2,  of 
Wentz,  is  the  equivalent  of  the  applicant's  oonveyor,  so  far  as 
the  combination  to  whioh  claim  1  is  drawn  is  concerned.  The  in¬ 
troduction  of  air  into  a  clinker  cooling  chamber  by  means  of 
tuyeres  in  the  sides  of  the  inclined  portions  thereof,  as  air  is 
introduced  into  the  ordinary  blast  furnace,  instead  of  in  the 
manner  disclosed  by  Wentz,  Pig.  2,  does  not  involve  invention. 
Claims  1  and  3,  therefore,  are  not  allowable. 

Wentz  supplies  air  to  his  kiln  from  two  sources  17  and  38, 
Pig.  1.  It  would  not  involve  Invention  to  control  and  regulate 
the  flow  of  air  through  these  two  air  supplies  of  Wentz  .  Claim  2 
is  not  allowable  in  view  of  this  conclusion. 

The  action  of  the  primary  examiner  finally  rejecting  the  ap¬ 
pealed  claims  is  affirmed  . 


Fairfax  Bayard, 

T.  G.  Steward, 
Prank  C.  Skinner, 


Examiners- in- Chie  f 


May  26,  1911. 

Mr .  Dyer : - 

I  hand  you  herewith  application  Folio  1'To.  275  filed 
by  Mr.  Edison  for  Cement  burning  Apparatus.  The  three 
olaims  in  the  case  were  finally  rejeoted  on  the  patent  to 
Wentz,  wo.  714,843.  An  appeal  was  taken  to  the  Board  of 
Examiners-in-Chief ,  and  the  oaBe  submitted  on  brief.  On 
May  15,  1911,  the  Board  affirmed  the  aotion  of  the  Primary 
Examiner . 

The  apparatus  described  in  the  application  has  not 
been  used  in  praotioe,  and  the  olaims  set  forth  a  structure 
only  slightly  different  from  that  shown  in  the  reference. 

X  think  these  differences  are  fully  set  forth  in  the  brief 
filed  on  appeal,  Mr.  Holden  and  I  reoommend  that  the  case 
be  dropped,  and  it  is  now  submitted  to  you  for  your  de¬ 
cision. 

HL-JS 


Folio  No.._ . 2*76 


Serial  No.' £ifi£2<£l£_ 


. 

Title 

Filed 

.  /<?o£ 

Assignee. . . . 

Ass’g’t  Exec. _ 

-  ...  Recorded  ..  . 

. .  Liber  _ .  Page 

Patent  No. _  Issued. 


ACTIONS. 


petition 


Go  the  Commissioner  of  [Patents : 

l?our  [petitioner  thomas  at,va  km  son  * 

a  citi3en  of  tbe  Glniteb  States,  resibing  anb  bavins  a  post  Office  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Park,  Orange ,  County  of  Ksbcx  and  State  of  New  Jersey 

pra\>s  tbat  letters  patent  mat!  be  eranteb  to  bint  for  tbe  improvements  in 

blas'j:  puhnaok 

set  fortb  in  tbe  anneieb  specification ;  anb  be  hereby  appoints  jfranft  X.  ©ver 
(IReflistration  H2o.  560),  of  fibison  laboratory,  Orange,  Hew  3eraey,  bis 
attorney,  witb  full  power  of  substitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosecute  tbis 
application,  to  tnahe  alterations  anb  antenbments  therein,  to  receive  tbe  patent, 
anb  to  transact  all  business  in  tbe  patent  Office  connecteb  therewith. 


“SPEC  I  T  I  0  A  I  I  0  H- 

TO  ALL  Y/HOM  IT  J5AY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN ,  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON, 
a  citizen  ol'  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn 
Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  Hew  Jersey, 
have  invented  certain,  new  and  useful  improvements  in 
BLAST  EURNACEI? ,  ^of^hlciF the  "foil  owing  is  a  description: 

In  modern  blast  fur naoe  practice,  the  combustion 
products  are  drawn  off  and  part  thereof  1b  burned  in  hot 
stoves  in  which  is  heated  the  air  that  is  directed  to  the 
tuyeres,  while  the  remainder  of  the  combustion  gases  is 
consumed  industrially  in  the  plant.  The  attempt  is  gen¬ 
erally  made  to  separate  from  the  combustion  gases  any 
fine  dust  carried  therewith,  but  the  devices  which  have 
been  used  for  this  purpose  are  ineffective,  and  conse¬ 
quently  the  combustion  gases  carry  with  them  undesirably 
large  proportions  of  solid  material,  which  injuriously 
affeot  the  fire-brick,  boiler  tubes,  or  gas  engine  cylin¬ 
ders,  .in  connection  with  which  the  gases  are  burned  or 
used.  The  object  of  my  invention  is  to  provide  an  improv¬ 
ed  filter  which  I  use  in  connection  with  a  blaBt  furnace, 
and  by  which  all  solid  matter  will  be  very  perfectly 
separated  from  the  combustion  gases,  so  that  the  latter 
may  be  used  industrially  without  interfering  v/ith  the  de- 
vioos  in  which  the  gas  is  burned,  or  otherwise  used.  In 
an  application  for  Bettors  Patent,  filed  October  24th, 
1906,  Serial  No.  340,299,  I  describe  an  improved  cement 


-1- 


burning  apparatus  in  connection  with  which  X  make  use  of 
a  filter  of  novel  construction.  My  improved  filter  is 
of  such  a  charaoter  that  it  will  not  ho  affected  by  very 
hot  gaseous  currents  passing  thru  the  Bame,  yet,  it  will 
at  all  times  perform  a  very  perfoct  filtering  operation 
without  becoming  clogged  or  having  its  porosity  and  re¬ 
sistance  altered  as  the  matorial  is  separated  thoreby. 

The  improved  filter  comprises  one  or  more  filtering  walls 
formed  of  coarse  granular  matorial  presenting  innumerable 
minute  pores  and  tortuous  chsumel3  thru  whioh  the  gaseouB 
currents  are  caused  to  scop  slowly  and  in  which  the  solid 
material  oarried  thereby  will  be  separated.  The  granular  ^ 
material  is  kept  in  movement,  so  that  it  is  being  constant"' 
ly  replenished  at  its  upper  part  as  material  is  drawn  off 
at  the  bottom,  and  the  material  so  :dravm  off  is  subjected 
to  a  soreoning  operation  by  which  the  very  fine  dust-like 
particles  deposited  within  the  filter  may  be  separated 
from  the  granular  material  whioh  is  then  returned  to  the 
top  of  the  filtering  wall .  Vfoat—I^pr  opo  ae— herein-, — f-a— the-  \ 

productrion-“Ol--ttn-e&sent-ia-liy--rtovei-blagt— fu-rnacey—by— com-  ' 
-bining-^therew-i-th-a-f-i-l-t-er'-of— my— impro-ved~type-.  Such  a  / 
filter  1b  of  Bpeoial  utility  in  combination  with  a  blast 
furnace,  for  the o reason  that  it.  is  unaffeoted  by  the  very 
hot  gases,  its  porosity  remains  constant  so  that  its 
presence  docs  not  interfere  with  the  correct  operation 
of.  tho  blast  furnace,  and  it  effects  a  very  perfect 
separation  of  tho  fine  dust  from  the  gases,  so  that  the 
latter  can  bo  most  effectively  used  for  ouoh  industrial 
purposes  as  may  bo  desired. 

|  In  order  that  the  invention  may  be  better  under¬ 

stood,  attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawing, 
forming  pari;  of  this  specification,  and  in  which  I  show 


a  blast  furnace  of  ordinary  construction,  combined  with  a 
filter  of  my  improved  type. 

The  blast  fumaoe  1,  is  of  any  suitable  form, 
having  the  usual  tuyeres  2  near  its  bottom,  and  a  gas 
pipe  3_,  leading  out  of  the  same  near  the  top,  for  carry¬ 
ing  off  the  producer  gas  gonerated  within  the  same.  The 
gas  pipe  £  leads  to  the  upper  part  of  my  improved  filter, 
which  oomprises  an  enclosed  wall  having  two  vortical  lines 
of  inclined  shelves  5,-jj  therein,  and  to  which  is  supplied 
the  desired  coaraely  ground  material,  the  particles  of 
which  range  preferably  between  1  fib  and  1/fei  of  an  inch. 
This  material  may  be  coarse  gravel,  or  coarsely  ground 
cement  rock.  The  material  accumulates  on  the  inclined 
shelves  jj,  in  a  body  of  about  l£  inches  in  thickness  and 
is  slowly  moved  downwardly  over  the  shelves  by  means  of 
roller  feeds  6_.  Bach  series  of  shelves  jj  with  the  materi¬ 
al  thereon  constitute  a  filtering  wall  or  partition,  and 
the  material  is  supplied  to  the  upper  end  of  each  filter¬ 
ing  wall  in  any  suitable  way. '  The  material  i  i  dr  mm  off 
at  the  bottom  of  each  filtering  wall  is  removed  by  a 
oonveyor  2»  unci  is  preferably  passed  to  a  screening  device 
(not  sho\m)  by  which  the  fine  dust  deposited  within'  the 
granular  material  may  be  separated  therefrom.  The  spaoe 
between  the  two  filtering  partitions  constitutes  a 
settling  chamber,  having  an  inclined  bottom  in  which  is 
located  a  oonveyor  8,  of  any  suitable  type,  and  in  this 
settling  chamber  a  part  of  the  fine  material  will  deposit 
by  gravity,  as  will  he  obvious.  The  gaseous  currents 
having  passed  thru  tho  minute  and  tortuous  channels  pre¬ 
sented  by  tho  granular  material  will  be  forced  off  thru 


-3- 


pipes  9.,  the  circulation  hoing  effected  by  the  pressure 
within  the  blast  furnace,  and  thenoe  the  gaB  passes  to 
the  place  of  use.  Hy  passing  the  gases  from  the  blast 
furnace  thru  a  filter  of  the  typo  desoribed,  a  very  per¬ 
fect  separation  of  the  fine  material  therefrom  will  be 
effeoted,  so  that  the  -gases  will  be  absolutely  pure,  and 
hence  cun  be  used  to  the  beet  advantage . for  industrial 
purposes,  without  tho  possibility  of  slagging  the  bricks 
of  the  firo  boxes  in  which  they  may  be  UBed,  or  of  affect¬ 
ing  tho  boiler  tubes,  or  the  cylinders  of  gas  engines. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  1  claim 
as  now  and  desire  to  uocuro  by  Letters  Patent  is  as  fol¬ 
lows:- 

1.  The  combination  v.  th  a  blast  furnace  and  gas 
pipe  therefrom,  of  a  filter  connected  v/ith  tho  gas  pipe 
and  presenting  a  filtering  vail  or  partition  of  granular 
material,  substantially  aa  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

8,  The  combination  with  a  blast  furnace  and  gas 
pipe  therefrom,  of  a  filter  connected  with  the  gas  pipe 
and  presenting  a  filtering  wall  or  partition  of  granular 
material,  arid  means  for  effecting  movement  of  the  granular 
material,  substantially  as  ind  for  the  purposes  Bet  forth. 

3.  The  combination  with  a  blast  furnace,  and  gas 
pipe  therefrom,  of  a  filtering  apparatus  connected  with 
the  gas  pipe,  and  comprising  an  intermediate  settling 
chamber,  and  opposed  filtering  walls,  formed  of  granular 
material,!  substantially  as  snd  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

4.  The  combination  w:  th  a  blast  fumaoe  and  gas 
pipe  therefrom,  of  a  filtering  apparatus  connected  with 


-4- 


the  gaB  pipe  and  comprising  an  intermediate  settling  cham¬ 
ber,  oppoaed  filtering  walls  formed  of  granular  material, 
and  means  for  maintaining  the  granular  material  in  move¬ 
ment,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth, 

5.  The  combination  with  a  blast  furnace  and  gas 
pipe  therefrom,  of  a  filtsr  connected  with  the  gas  pipe 
and  presenting  filtering  vails  or  partitions  of  granular 
material,  and  a  settling  chamber  between  the  filtering 
walls,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth, 
a  -V  l  OCoclt*  /  7< 

:0..  /y^y. 

*'J*  ^  - - -  f  4 

tCot.  a  P'v,  <!  %  ■  /  ?  rr/ 


-5- 


190  6 


Gbis  specification  signet)  ant)  witnessed  this 

£L.  <?.  £X 


Witnesses : 

,  ^  < 


M.  S? 


©atb. 


State  of  IRew  3erse? 
Count?  of  Essex 


tho.v.j\s  at.va  72)J  son  ,  tbe  above  natneb 
petitioner,  being  bul?  sworn,  beposes  anb  sa?s  that  be  is  a  citi3enof  tbelUniteb 
States, anb  a  resibent Of  Llewellyn  Pp.rk,  Orange,  County  of  annex 
and  State  of  New  .Terooyj 

tbat  be  veril?  believes  bimself  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  sole  inventor  of  tbe 
improvements  in 

BLAST  FURNACES 

bescribeb  anb  ciaimeb  in  tbe  annereb  specification;  tbat  be  boes  not  ftnow  anb 
boes  not  believe  tbat  tbe  same  was  ever  imown  or  useb  before  bis  invention  or 
biscover?  thereof ;  or  patenteb  or  bescribeb  in  an?  printeb  publication  in  tbe 
TUniteb  States  of  America  or  an?  foreign  countr?  before  bis  invention  or 
biscover?  thereof,  or  more  than  two  ?ears  prior  to  this  application ;  or  patenteb 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tbe  'Ulniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  this  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tbe 
inniteb  States  for  more  than  two  ?ears  prior  to  this  application ;  anb  tbat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  salb  invention  has  been  fileb  b?  him  or  bis  legal 
representatives  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countr?. 

a. 

Sworn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  this  ^rfHa?T5f_3?^'-  t90  * 

J?  £  - - - 


[Seal] 


IRotar?  public. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

) 

BLAST  IWJ7ACES  ) 

)  Room  Ho 4  1VS 
Filed  November  P.C,  lfOC  ) 

Serial  No . 345 , 044  j 


HONORABLE  CCDGiXSS  IONISE  01*  PATENTS: 

S  1  R  :-~ 

Replying  to  Oi’i’ico  action  of 

December  17,  1P0G,  pic ace  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as 
foil owe: 

Cancel  all  the  claims  now  in  this  cu.ee,  end  sub¬ 
stitute  the  following : 


coral) inat  ion  with  a  source  of  hot  gases , 
of  a  filter  for  the.  ijasea  comprising  $c.*ins  .inclined 
shelves,  nouns  for  feeding  granular  :v.it«:rial  between  said 
shelves  and- means  for  removing  it  therefrom,  substantially 
,,as-'uet  forth.  \ 

2.  The  combination  with  a  source  of  hot  gases, 
of  a  filter  for  the  gar.es  comprising  facing' inclined  shelve^ 
of  opposite  inclinations  .-arid  set  closely  together-, ,^and 
means  for  feeding' granular  material  between  the  shelve^, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


3.  The  combination  with  a  source  of  hot  gases, 
of  a  filter  for  the  gases  comprising  oppositely  inclined 
facing  shelves,  the  shelves  of  one  inclination  being  plaoed 
opposite  the  openings  in  the  shelves  of  the  other  inclina¬ 
tion,  and  means  for  feeding  granular  material  between  said 
shelves,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


The  combination  with  a  source  of  hot  gai 


of  a  filter  for  the 
facing  shelves,  the 
opposite  the  opening 
tion,  a i*3  moans  for 
said  shelves  ,^‘ruht;  [&. 


gases  comprising;  oppositely  inclined 
shelves  of  one  inclination  being  placed 
s  in  the  shelves  of  the  other  innllna- 
f ending  granular  material  between  the 


,.'5.  The  combination  v/ith  a  source  of  hot  gases, 
of  filter  walls,  means  for  loading  tUo  gases  there  be¬ 
tween,  the  said  filter  walls  comprising  inclined  shelves, 
and  means  for  feeding  granular  material  be two on  said  shalvej 
substantially  an  sot  forth. 


'  ft.  The  comb ination  with  a  source  of  hot  gases, 
of  filtering  walls,  means  for  loading  the  gases  between  the 
walls ,  the  said  filtering  walls  comprising  ojipositely  in¬ 
clined  facing  shelves,  the  shelves  of  one  inclination  fac¬ 
ing  the  openings  between  the  shelves  of  the  opposite  inclin¬ 
ation,  and  weans  for  feeding  granular  material  between  the 
shelves ,  substantially  as  set,  forth. 


'  The  combination  'with  a  source  of  hot  gases, 

of  a  filter  chamber,  comprising  v/alls  of  granular  material, 
means  for  admitting  the  gases  between  said  walls,  a  settlin' 
chamber  between  the  said  walls  and  means  for  removing 
settlings  from  the  said  chamber,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

-REMARKS- 


The  claims  in  this  case  have  been  rewritten  to  more 
accurately  define  the  invention  and  their  allowance  is  re¬ 


spectfully  requested. 

Orange,  New  Jersey 
October  0  1907 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON 


His  Attorney. 


IH  WB  EKXSED  S'lA'JHS  PAT'tE'f  OFFICE. 

Thomas  A.  Edison 
BIAS?  FUBHACES 
Filed  iTovembor  20,  1908 
Serial  Ko.  34R ,  044 

HOITOKABliE  COMMISSIOinilR  OF  PATENTS : 

S  I  H  :  — 

This  amendment  is  in  addition 
to  that  submitted  on  October  3,  1907 

The  claims  hereafter  added  are  taken  from  the 
parent  application  No. 340, 299,  filed  October  24,  1906,  in 
which  laot  named  application  division  haa  been  required. 
Please  add  the  following  claims : 

-  %.  An  improved  filter  for  removing  solid  or  dust¬ 


like  particles  from  gaseous  currents,  said  filter,  compris¬ 
ing  a  substantially  vertical  wall  or  partition  formed  of 
loosely  arranged  granular  material,  means  for  slowly  with¬ 
drawing  the  granular  material  from  the  lower  end  of  the 
filtering  wall  or  partition,  a  screening  device  to  which 
the  material  so  wi thdravm  is  delivered  and  by  which  the 
fine  dust-like  particles  will  bXsepara tod,  and  means  for 
returning  the  coarse  material  to  tile  upper  end  of  the 
filtering  wall,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set 


9.  An  improved  filter  for  removing\olid  or  dust- 
like  particles  from  gaseouB  currents,  said  filte^  com¬ 
prising  a  plurality  of  oppositely  inclined  Bhelves^and 
a  mass  of  granular  material  supported  by  said  shelvesNand 
forming  a  filtering  wall  or  partition,  presenting  innumeV^- 


able  tortuous  ohannels  through  which  the  gaseouB  currents 
may^pass  and  in  v/hioh  the  solid  or  dust-like  bodies  will 
be  separated,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  ^ 
forth.  \ 


A 


rtiolei 


An  improved  filter  foi 


•  removing  solid  or  dust¬ 
like  particles  from  gaseous  currents,  said  filter  com¬ 
prising  a  plurality  of  oppositely  inclined  sIcIvob,  a 
mass  of  granular  material  supported  by  said  shelves  and 
forming  a  filter ingNwall  or  partition  presenting  iisnumerabl^ 
tortuouB  ohannelB'  through  which  the  gaseous  currents  may 
pass  and  in  which  the  solid  or  dust-like  bodies  will  be 
separated,  aiul  jjieans  for  keeping  the  mass  of  granular 
material,  in  movement,  substantia,  ly  as  and  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  'set  forth.  \ 

11.  An  improved  filter  foY  removing  solid  or  dust - 
like  particles  from  gaseous  currents'*^  Said  filter  compris¬ 
ing  a  plurality  of  oppositely  inolinsdNshelves ,  a  mass  of 
granular  material  separated  by  said  shelves  and  forming 
filtering  wall  or  partition  presenting  innumerable  tor¬ 
tuous  chahnels  through  which  the  gaseous  currents  may  pass 

and  in  which  the  solid  or.  dust -like  bodies  will\be  separ- 

\ 

atod,  means  for  withdrawing  the  material  at  the  bottom  of 
the  wall  or  partition,  and  means  for  introducing  granular 
material  to  the  top  of  the  filtering  wall  or  partition4,, 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth.  - 
^  Respectfully, 

THOMAS  A.  EDI SOU 
By_i 


\ 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
October  £){  1P07 


His  Attorney. 


January  7,  l‘)OC. 


7 

''  WASHINGTON,  [ 

'llftaws  A.  Mlson, 

c/o  Prank  X..  Dyer, 

Orange,  N.J. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 


345,044,  filed  Hov. 
Blast  Purnacos. 


1906 : . 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Replying  to  amen 'Giants  filed  October  4,  and  October  29, 

1906. 

Attention  it  directed  to  the  first  paragraph  of  the  / 
l&Bt  Office  letter,  Purthor  the  reference  to  "an  essentially 
novel  blast  furnace"  in  line  20,  page  2,  is  objectionable  since 
the  invention  lies  in  the  filter. 

Claims  1  and  2  do  not  patent ably  distinguish  from-- 
Baggaley,  746,200,  of  record,  sAfid  Baggaloy  illustrating  a  filter 
similar  in  typo  to  that  of  applicant,  comprising  faoing  shelves, 
the  apertures  shown  at  6  in  Big.  1  and  in  Pig.  14  substantially 
forming  shelved. 

Claim  8  is  objectionable  as  being  unwarranted;  no  moans 
for  returning  the  coarse  material  to  the  tipper  end  of  the 
filtering  wall,  having  been  disclosed  in  either  specification 
or  drawing  in  this  application. 

Purther  claim  8  does  not  patentably  distinguish  from 
Case,  of  record. 

Claim  11  is  similarly  objectionable  on  account  of  the 
inclusion  of  the  aforesaid  "means". 


345,044- 


The  term  "separated"  In  line  4  of  claim  11  is  objeotionable 
since  the  shelves  tend  rather  to  hold  the  mass  of  granulated 
material  together,  rather  than  to  separate  it. 

The  screen  referred  to  in  lines  21  and  22,  page  3,  and 
in  the  added  claim  0  should  be  diagrarmatically  illustrated  on 
the  drawing,  no  more  detail  being  Bhown  than  is  warranted  by  the 

brie f  reference  to  said  soreen  in  the  specification. 

ct  \°  each 

Claims  1,  2,  8  and  ill  are  accordingly  rebooted. 

Claims  3,  4,  5,  3,  7, '  9  ^rrd~-10  may  be  allowed. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„ 


June  23,  1908. 


x  Thomas  A.  Edison, 

c/o  Prank  1.  Dyer, 

Orange,  N.J. 

Pleaso  find  bolow  a  communication  from  tho  EXAMINER 


345,044,  filod  Nov.  26,  1906:  — 
Blast  Purn&cos. 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


In  addition  to  the  references  cited  in  the  last  Office 
letter  the  following  newly  discovered  references  are  cited 
against  the  claims  in  this  application. 

Austrian  patenVio  Jpx'chovsk^  54,888,  June  1,  1901,  Pume  Arresters, Dry, 

•r;:-,  3a8nneV^31,177,  Aug.  17,  1880,  P. A.,  517.4, 

8hields,  793,  745/juI.  4,  1905,  same  class. 

In  addition  to  the  references  cited  against  claim  1 
in  the  preceding  notion,  said  claim  is  considered  to  he  met  hy 
each  of  the  three  references  oited  above. 

Claim  2  iB  further  rejectee  on  Sh±eldsfnnd  also  on 
KIBnne,  oited. 

Claim  9  is  considered  to  be  met  by  and  is  rejeoted  on 
Jarohovsky. 

Claim  10  is  rejeoted  on  Jarohovsky,  taken  with  Shields. 

Claim  11  is  rejeoted  on  Jarohovsky. 

ing  not 

The  remainf.  olaims  which  were/rej acted  in  the  preceding 
aotion  are  still  considered  allowable; 


Bxaminer,  Division  3. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPEIOE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 
BLAST  FURNACES  ) 
Filed  November  26,  1906  j 
Serial  No.  545,044  ) 


Room  No. 


175 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  action  of  June 
25,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  oaBe  as  follows: 

!  Page  2  of  the  specification,  lines  19,  20  and  21, 
cancel  the  sentenoe  beginning  "What  I  propose". 

Cancel  Claims  1  and  2. 

1-  Claim  4,  line  6,  after  "shelves"  insert  -  and 
means  for  removing  it  therefrom  -  . 

Renumber  Claims  5  to  7  as  1  to  5  inclusive. 

Canoel  Claims  8,  9,  10  and  11. 

REMARKS 

Offioe  actions  of  January  7th,  1908  and  June  25, 
1908  are  answered  by  this  amendment,  and  the  case  is 
apparently  placed  in  condition  for  allowance,  which  is 
requested.  At  the  same  time,  the  Examiner's  attention 
is  called  to  applicant's  application  Serial  No.  486,204, 
GAS  PURIFIERS,  filed  March  27,  1909 .  If  this  latter 
application  is  speedily  allowed,  it  is  thought  that  appli- 


(1) 


cant  will  not  need  to  further  prosecute  the  present  case, 
certain  of  the  claims  in  the  present  case  having  been 
transferred  to  application  Serial  No.  486,204  referred  to. 


Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 


/&*'l 


His  Attorney 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
June  15th,  1909 . 


-260. 


H.A.J. 


jUi\  m; 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„ 

June 

Thoioao  A.  JidiBon, 

C/o  Prank  I,  Dyer, 

Orange,  IT. J. 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


345,044,  filed  Hoy. 
Blaat  PurnaceB. 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Implying  to  amendment  filed  Juno  16,  1009. 

2Iie  title  of  invention . should,  it  is  thought,  be  changed  to 
Blast  Purns.ce.  Gas  Purifier  dm  line  7,  page  1  of  the  specification. 

The  application  appears  to  bo  otherwise  in  condition  for 
allowance. 


Examiner,  Division  3. 


.  y 

V  c\  J 


Ill  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 
BLAST  FURNACES 
Piled  November  26,  1906 
Serial  No.  345,044 


Room  No.  175 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 


In  response  to  Office  Letter  of  June 
22nd,  1909,  pleaBO  amend  as  follows: 

Page  1  of  the  Specifioation,  line  7,  change  the 
title  of  the  invention  to,  -  Blast  Purnaoe  Gas  Purifier  - 
Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

By  /C-s 

His  Attorne; 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
June  24th,  1909. 


Replying  to  amendment  filed  June  25,  1909. 

Applicant* e  Depending  ease  aerial  number  486,204,  having  been 
allowed,  the  claims  in  this  case  are  rejected  for  the  reason  that, 
and  as  stated  "by  applicant,  the  patentable  olaims  therein  have  been 
incorporated  in  application  #  486,204,  it  being  noted  that  applicant 
in  the  reoord  of  the  laBt  named  case  has  stated  that  when  such  appli¬ 
cation  is  allowed  the  present  case  (345,044)  will  be  abandoned. 


Examiner,  Division  3. 


280  _ 


Serial  No.  2  . 


Applicant. 

•  _ tH 


,Ok. 


. . . 


Examiner’s  Room  No.  ‘‘'  /  - 


Patent  No. _ Issued. 


ACTIONS. 


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- - . .. 

petition 


£o  tbe  Commissioner  of  patents : 

Kour  (Petitioner  miomas  alva  kdiboh  , 

a  cltl3en  of  tbe  Xlntteb  States,  resibing  anb  bavins  a  post  ©ffice  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Purl:,  Orttnyu,  County  of  Euoex,  and  State  of  drew  Jer¬ 
sey, 

prays  tbat  letters  patent  may  be  granteb  to  bint  for  tbe  improvements  in 

PROCESS  03'  G03IC33NTR.ATING  SILVER  ORES, 


set  fortb  in  tbe  anneieb  specification ;  anb  be  hereby  appoints  ffranft  X.  2>yer 
(■(Registration  mo.  560),  of  Ebison  laboratory,  ©range,  flew  3ersey,  bis 
attorney,  witb  full  power  of  substitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosecute  tbis 
application,  to  mahe  alterations  anb  amenbments  therein,  to  receive  tbe  patent, 
anb  to  transact  all  business  in  tbe  patent  ©fRce  connecteb  therewith. 


SPECIFICATION 


TO  ALT-  WHOM  XT  MAY  CONGERS: 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON,  a  oitizen 
of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn  Parle,  Orange, 
County  ©f  Essex  and  State  of  Hew  Jerpey,  ,ha^e  ^.nyented  a 
certain  new  and  useful  PROCESS  OFA  CON(OTTRATIHg/sILVER 
ORES,  of  whioh  the  following  is  a  desoription:- 

My  invention  relates  to  an  improved  prowess  of 
concentrating  silver  ores,  and  it  is  based  on  the  discovery 
that  many  arsenioal  oobalt  ores  contain  silver,  which  for 
almost  its  entire  bulk,  is  in  a  metallio  state.  Contrary 
to  the  statements  of  mineralogists,  very  little  of  the 
silver  in  these  ores  exists  in  the  form  of  Bulfid  or  other 
combination,  but  I  have  found,  as  stated,  that  it  is  almost 
wholly  metallio  and  exists  aB  small  granules  and  irregular¬ 
ly  shaped  grains.  This  is  especially  true  of  the  Canadian 
cobalt  silver  ores. 

My  invention  presents  a  purely  meohanical  prooeBB 
by  whioh  oreB  containing  metallio  silver  can  be  ooncentratec 
at  low  oost,  and  practically  all  of  the  preoious  metal  re¬ 
covered.  At  the  same  time,  the  process  is  expeditious,  in¬ 
volves  very  simple  apparatus,  oan  be  carried  on  without 
high  technical  skill  and  permits  very  large  quantities  of 
ore  to  be  handled.  The  principle  underlying  the  invention, 
is  that  by  oarefully  crushing  the  ores  between  crushing 
rolls,  the  non-metallio  material  will  be  reduced  in  size, 
while  the  metallio  granules  or  grains  will  be  flattened  so 


as  to  increase  their  area,  thereby  permitting  an  effective 
separation  of  the  metallic  from  the  non-metallio  portions 
of  the  ore  by  an  ordinary  soreening  operation.  Preferably 
the  process  involves  a  serieB  of  orushing  operations,  of 
gradually  reduced  fineness,  whereby  the  non-metallio  ma¬ 
terial  will  be  gradually  reduced  in  size,  until  it  reaoheB 
a  condition  of  fine  powder.  After  each  of  the  orushing 
operations,  suoh  of  the  metallic  particles,  as  may  be 
large  enough  to  be  engaged  by  the  orushing  rolls  so  as 
to  have  their  area  thereby  increased,  are  preferably  sepa¬ 
rated  by  the  screens.  These  operations  are  repeated,  the 
non-metallio  material  being  gradually  reduoed,  and  the  me¬ 
tallic  granules  being  compressed  or  flattened  so  as  to  per¬ 
mit  their  separation  until  the  bulk  of  the  metallic  partl- 
oles  has  been  recovered  in  the  concentrates.  I  oonsider 
it  preferable  to  effect  a  screening  operation  after  each 
orushing  aotion,  so  as  to  redover  the  sufficiently  enlar¬ 
ged  metallic  granules,  rather  than  to  first  reduce  the  non- 
metallic  material  to  the  ultimate  fineness  desired,  and  to 
then  attempt  to  reoover  the  metallic  partioleB  by  a  screen¬ 
ing  aotion,  beoause  in  the  latter  case,  loss  would  be  ex¬ 
perienced  by  the  breaking  up  of  the  metallic  flakes  in 
passing  them  successively  between  the  rolls.  The  best 
results  are  also  obtained  when  the  screens  are  proportion¬ 
ed  to  the  size  of  the  ground,  non-metallio  partioleB,  so 
that  while  permitting  the  bulk  of  the  latter  to  pass 
through  as  tailing^',’  such  of  the  metallic  granules  as  may 
have  been  flattened  or  enlarged  by  the  preceding  crushing 
operation  will  be  retained  in  the  oonoentrates.  At  the 


time  this  seleotiop  of  the  screening  openings  is  not 


absolutely  essential,  since  a  single  screen  may  be  employ¬ 
ed  for  handling  the  product  of  two,  or  even  more,  of  the 
orushing  operations.  In  carrying  my  invention  into  effect 
in  its  preferred  embodiment,  and  with  a  suitable  arsenioal 
cobalt  ore,  for  example,  I  proceed  as  follows: 

The  ore  is  first  passed  between  crushing  rolls  and 
reduced  to  a  predetermined  maximum  size.  The  effoot  of 
the  orushing  is  two-fold,  first,  the  larger  or  non-metal - 
lio  part  of  the  ore  being  brittle  and  friable,  will  be  re- 
duoed  so  that  its  larger  particles  will  represent  the  pre¬ 
determined  size  desired,  ranging  from  that  size  to  excess¬ 
ively  fine  partioles,  and  second,  the  larger  metallic 
particles  or  granules  being  ductile,  will  be  flattened 
somewhat  and  increased  in  area.  The  smaller  metallic 
particles,  i.e.,  those  less  in  diameter  than  the  distanoe 
between  the  rolls,  will  pass  through  without  being  affect¬ 
ed.  The  crushed  material  is  now  carofully  soreened  over 
one  or  more  screens  which  consist  of  a  thin  steal  plate, 
formed  with  elongated  screening  slots  therein,  about  the 
same  width  as  the  distance  between  the  orushing  rolls.  By 
reason  of  this  screening  operation,  a  large  portion  -  say 
98^-of  the  material  will  pass  through  the  screens,  the  re¬ 
maining  tailings  or  concentrates  being  largely  oomposed  of 
the  flattened  or  enlarged  metallio  granules,  whose  shape 
has  been  changed  by  the  orushing  rolls.  I  now  set  the 
orushing  rolls  closer  together,  so  that  the  gap  will  be 
about  25^  less  than  at  the  first  pass,  and  I  pass  the 
soreened  material  through  the  orushing  rolls.  In  this 
re-orushing  operation,  it  is  important  that  the  material 
should  be  fad  to  the  rolls  in  a  wide,  but  exceedingly 
thin  stream, only  about  one  partiole  thiok,  in  order  that 


the  flattened  metallic  granules  may  not  become  broken  up 
between  the  ore  particles  during  the  reduction  of  the 
latter.  This  careful  feeding  of  the  material  during  the 
recrushing  operation  can  be  readily  performed  by  means  of 
an  adjustable  roller  feed,  as  is  common  in  the  art.  The 
reorushed  material  is  again  screened  by  slotted  screens 
as  before,  the  size  of  the  screening  slots  being  preferably 
about  equal  to  the  distance  between  the  crushing  rolls. 

In  this  recrusliing  operation,  the  bulk  -  Bay  about  98^  - 
of  the  material  will  pass  through  the  screens,  while  the 
concentrates,  amounting,  say,  to  about  2^  of  the  recruBhed 
material,  will  be  very  rich  in  silver,  sinoe  the  effect 
of  the  recrushing  operation  will  be  to  increase  the  area 
of  the  metallic  particles,  many  of  which  are  thus  enlarged 
sufficiently  to  be  caught  by  the  second  screens. 

The  operations  described  are  repeated  as  many 
times  as  may  be  desired,  the  material  being  successively 
passed  between  crushing  rolls  in  a  very  thin  stream,  and 
the  width  of  the  gap  betv/een  the  crushing  rollB  being 
gradually  lessened,  and  after  each  crushing  operation  the 
material  being  preferably  passed  over  slotted  screens, 
proportioned  as  explained,  to  the  gap  between  the  rolls  of 
the  immediately  preceding  crushing  operation,  whereby 
there  will  be  removed  from  the  crushed  material  after  eaoh 
crushing  operation,  the  metallic  granules  whose  area  haB 
beun  sufficiently  increased  to  be  caught  by  the  corres¬ 
ponding  screens.  In  this  way,  a  very  small  percentage 
of  the  material,  rich  in  silver,  will  be  retained  as  the 
tailings  of  each  of  the  screens.  TOien  the  ore  has  in  this 
way  been  reduoed  to  a  fine  powder,  the  bulk  of  the  metal¬ 
lic  silver  originally  contained  in  the  ore,  will  be  re- 


4. 


tained  in  the  concentrates.  If  desired,  the  concentrates 
may  now  he  treated  in  any  suitable  way  for  the  final  and 
complete  separation  of  the  metal,  or  instead  the  concen¬ 
trates  may  he  concentrated  hy  successive  crushing  and 
screening  operations,  as  explained,  so  as  to  obtain  a 
very  much  richer  product.  While  I  have  referred  herein 
to  the  importance  of  feeding  the  material  to  the  rolls  in 
the  several  recrushing  operations,  in  the  form  of  a  sheet, 
substantially  only  a  single  particle  thick,  the  same  pre¬ 
caution  can  with  good  results  he  observed  in  connection 
with  the  first  crushing  operation,  although  I  do  not  con¬ 
sider  it  so  necessary  as  in  connection  with  the  succeed¬ 
ing  recrushings.  Although  I  have  described  ray  improved 
process  in  connection  with  the  concentration  of  arsenical 
cobalt  silver  ores,  it  will  be  understood  that  it  may  be 
successfully  carried  out  in  connection  with  any  ores 
carrying  froe  metal  in  the  proper  form  and  in  sufficient 
quantity  to  warrant  the  expense,  the  important  considera¬ 
tion  being  that  the  metal  should  exist  in  such  condition 
that  v/hen  subjected  to  a  oruBhing  effect,  the  hulk  of  the 
non-raetallio  material  will  he  reduced  in  size,  while  the 
area  of  the  metallic  particles  will  he  increased  to  per¬ 
mit  separation  by  screening  operations,  as  explained. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 
as  new  and  desire  to  seoure  by  letters  Patent,  iB  as 
follows: 


1.  The Njjrooess  of  concentrating  ores,  containing 
free  metallio  granuleB>^uch  as  arsenioal  cobalt  Bilver 
ores,  which  consists  in  orushing  the  ore  to  a  predetermined 
maHmnm  size,  whereby  the  non-metail'iqmaterial  will  be  > 
oruBhed  and  a  portion  of  the  metallio  grantors  will  be 


6. 


inoreased  in  area,  and  in  finally  subjecting  the  crushed 
material  to  a  screen  whose  mesh  is  substantially  equal  to 
the  maximum  size  of  the  non-metallio  partioles,  whereby 
the  bulk  of  the  material  will  pass  through  the  same,  leav¬ 
ing  in  the  small  proportion  of  tailings,  an  inoreased 
peroentage  of  the  motallio  granules,  substantially  as  and 
for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

/  The  process  of  concentrating  ores,  containing 

free  metallic  granules,  such  as  arsenical  oobalt  silver 

ores,  which  consists  in  subjecting  the  ore  in  a  very  thin 
ItoCtfacttnl  (UjytJLtA, 

iheot^to  a  crushing/  offept^  so  as  to  reduce  the  same  to  a 
predetermined  maximum  size,  whereby  the  non-metallio  mater¬ 
ial  will  be  crushed,  and  a  portion  of  the  metallic  granules 
will  be  inoreased  in  urea,  and  in  finally  subjecting  the 
crushed  material  to  a  screen  whose  mesh  is  substantially 
equal  to  the  maximum  size  of  the  non-metallio  particles, 
whereby  the  bulk  of  the  material  v/ill  pass  through  the 
same,  leav'.ng  in  the  small  proportion  of  tailings,  an  in¬ 
creased  percentage  of  the  metallic  granules,  substantially 
as  and  for  the  purposes  sot  forth. 


3.  The  prooess  of  concentrating  ores,  containing 
free  metallio  granules ,  suoh  as  arsenical  oobalt  Bilver 
ores,  which  consists  ill subjecting  the  oreB  to  successively 
finer  crushing  opera tions^whereby  the  non-metallio  parti¬ 
cles  will  be  gradually  reducecKin  size,  while  at  each  pass 
i  portion  of  the  metallio  granulefcswlll  be  inoreased  in 
area,  and  in  subjecting  the  crushed  material,  after  each 
orushing  action  to  a  screening  operation^Spermitting  the 
bulk  of  the  material  to  pass  the  Bame,  and  }^sving  in  the 
small  proportion  of  the  tailings  of  each  soreeniiim  opera¬ 
tion  an  inoreased  peroentage  of  the  metallio  granule} 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth, 


v  4.  The  process  of  conoontrating  oros,  containing 
free  metallic  granules,  suoh  as  arsenical  oobal.t  silver 
ores,  which  consists  in  subj 
..  .  , 

a  very  tnin  sheatA  to  success 
whereby  the  non-metallic  particles  will  be  gradually  re¬ 
duced  in  size,  while  at  each  pass  a  portion  of  the  metal¬ 
lic  granules  will  be  increased  in  area,  and  in  subjecting 
the  crushed  material,  after  each  crushing  aotion,  to  a 
screening  operation,  permitting  the  bulk  of  the  material 
to  pass  the  same,  and  leaving  in  the  small  proportion  of 
the  tailings  of  each  soreening  operation  an  increased 
percentage  of  the  metallic  granules,  substantially  as  and 
for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


oouiijg  uw  ore  in  cnu  a;orm  ox 
ive^jr  finey , -crushing  operations 


5.  The  proooss  of  concentrating  ores  containing 
free  metallic  gramiles ,  such  as  arsenical  cobalt  silver 
ores,  which  oonsistsxin  crushing  the  ore  to  a  predetermined 
maximum  size,  than  in  subjecting  the  crushed  material  to 
a  screen  whoso  mesh  is  substantially  the  same  maximum 
size,  whereby  the  bull:  of  the  Material  will  pass  the  same, 
leaving  in  thn  small  proportion  of  tailings  an  increased 
percentage  of  the  metal,  then  in  subj  edging  the  screened 
material  to  a  recrushing  operation  to  further  reduce  the 
Bize  of  the  non-metallic  portion  thereof,  anci'to  increase 
the  area  of  a  portion  of  the  metallic  particles,  and  in 
finally  subjecting  the  recrushed  material  to  a  finer  scree) 
ing  operation,  whereby  a  further  concentration  takes  place 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


f.  The  prooesB  of  concentrating  ores,  containing 
free  metallio  granules,  such  as  arsenioal  cobalt  silver 
ores,  which  oonsists  in  crushing  the  ore  to  a  predetermined 


maximum  size,  then  in  subjecting  the  crushed  material  to 
a  screen  whose  mesh  is  substantially  the  same  maximum  size, 
whereby  the  bulk  of  the  material  will  pass  the  same ,  leaving 
in  the  small  proportion  of  tailings  an  inoroaaed  percentage 
of  the  metal,  then  in  subjecting  the  screened  material  in  L 
the  form  of  a  very  thin  stream,  substantially  only  a  single 
part.iclo  thick,  to  a  finer  recrushing  operation  t'o  further 
reduce  the  non-metallic  portion  thereof  and  to  increase  the 
area  of  a  portion  of  the  metallic  partioleB,  and  in  finally 
subjecting  the  reorushed  material  to  a  finer  screening 


operation,  whereby  a  further  concentration  takes  plaoe, 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


able  specification  signet)  ant)  witnessed  tbis  >/  bap  of  190  L 

Cf  .  < _ . 

Witnesses : 


•c  <-/. 


-X2L_ 


©atb. 


State  of  mew  3ersep 
Count?  of  Essex 


|  ss„ 


thovas  alva  KDisoii  tbe  above  namet) 
petitioner,  being  bulp  sworn,  beposes  anb  saps  tbat  be  is  a  citi3en  of  tbetfiniteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Llevellyn  Park,  Orange),  County  of  Eaaex 
and  State  of  Hew  Jersey; 


tbat  be  verilp  believes  biinseif  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  sole  inventor  of  tbe 
improvements  in  process  op  coisc eh'diatxiig  silver  orbs, 


bescrlbeb  anb  claimeb  in  tbe  annexeb  specification;  tbat  be  boes  not  ftnow  anb 
boes  not  believe  tbat  tbe  same  was  ever  (mown  or  useb  before  bis  invention  or 
biscoverp  thereof ;  or  patenteb  or  bescrlbeb  in  an?  printeb  publication  in  tbe 
Tfiniteb  States  of  Hmerlca  or  an?  foreign  countr?  before  bis  invention  or 
biscover?  thereof,  or  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  this  application ;  or  patenteb 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tbe  ‘Clniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  tbis  application ;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tbe 
Ulniteb  States  for  more  than  two  pears  prior  to  tbis  application;  anb  tbat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  saib  invention  has  been  fileb  b?  him  or  bis  legal 


representatives  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countr?. 

ch. 


Sworn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  tbis  >C  bap  of  . 


[Seal] 


tflotarp  public. 


Honorable  Commissioner  of  Patents, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


S  i  r  :  — 

Enclosed  please  find  check  for  fifteen  dollars 
($15.00)  filing  fee  together  with  specification  an  the 
application  of  Thomas  A.  Edison,  PROCESS  OP  C01TCEHTRATIHG 
SILVER  ORES. 

Kindly  acknowledge  receipt. 


PDL/ifJL 


Respectfully, 


2-179. 


'‘Thow«Zlg,‘orD.°c."‘'’'’1’'  department  of  the  Interior, 

Washington,  D.  C.,‘T’an*  2  ,  190  7 


Sir: 

I  have  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  informal  applica¬ 
tion  fofPatent  ,  the  title  of  whioh  is  improvement  in 

process  of  Concentrating  Silver  Ores 
.  This  application  is  informal  because  a  diaf5r5r.1an.tic  drawing  is 
required  by  the  Examiner. 


Very  respectfully. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

0/0  Prank  L.  Dyer, 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Edison  Lnh oratory, 


Orange,  II.  J. 


Note.— Xu  order  to  coustitute  mi  application  for  a  patent,  tho  invoutor  is  by  law  required  to  furnish  liis  potition, 
specification,  oath,  and  drawings  (where  tho  nature  of  tho  caso  admits  of  drawings)  and  to  pay  tho  required  fco. 

No  application  is  considered  complete,  nor  can  any  official  action  bo  had  thereon,  until  all  its  parts,  as  hero 
specified,  aro  furnished  in  duo  form  by  tho  invoutor  or  applicaut. 


HONORABLE  COi'.L'ISSIOIiER  Of  PAffiKXS, 

WASHINGTON,  3).  0. 

SIR:  — 

Regarding  the  alleged  informal  application 
of  Thoms  A.  Edison  for  PROCESS  0?  CONCENTRATING  SILVER 
ORES,  referred  to  in  your  letter  of  the  2nd  inot.,  it  is 
respectfully  submitted  that  the  praotioe  which  has  here¬ 
tofore  been  followed  in  similar  cases  should  be  followed 
in  the  present  case,  I.e.  that  the  application  should 
be  accepted,  referred  to  the  primary  examiner,  and  upon 
the  request  of  the  latter  to  furnish  a  drawing,  the  ques¬ 
tion  could  then  be  presented  by  petition  to  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  in  person.  In  the  present  case  it  is  not  thought 
that  a  drawing  is  necessary,  but  as  tue  invention  is  im¬ 
portant  and  as  applicant  does  not  wish  to  delay  obtaining 
a  definite  date  of  application,  a  drawing  is  submitted 
herewith,  I  request,  therefore,  that  the  application 
be  amended  as  follows: 

Insert  at  the  end  of  the  specification  on  page  5, 

—  In  order  that  the  invention  may  be  more  fully 
understood,  attention  is  directed  to  tile  accompanying 
drawing  illustrating  a  suitable  apparatus  in  connection 
with  wiiioh  the  prooess  may  be  carried  into  effect.  In 
this  drawing  figure  1  is  a  diagrammatic  sectional  view  of 
the  apparatus  illustrating  the  crushing  rolls  in  the 
position  for  the  first  pass;  figure  2,  u  plan  view  of 
one  of  the  screens  for  screening  the  material  after  the 
first  crushing  operation;  figure  3,  a  view  similar  to 
figure  1,  showing  the  orushing  rolls  in  position  for  the 
second  pass;  figure  4,  a  plan  view  of  one  of  the  screens 
for  screening  the  material  after  the  second  orushing  oper- 


ation;  Figure  5,  a  view  similar  to  Figures  1  and  3, show¬ 
ing  the  crushing  rolls  in  position  for  the  third  crushing 
operation,  and  Figure  .6,  a  plan  view  of  the  screen  for 
screening  the  material  after  the  third  crushing  operation. 
In  these  views  corresponding  parts  are  represented  by 
the  same  numerals  of  reference. 

1  represents  a  Hopper  in  which  the  material  iB 
placed;  2  a  roller  food  for  delivering  material  from  the 
hopper  in  a  vary  thin,  wide  stream;  .3-3  are  the  crushing 
rolls;  4-4  represent  a  series  of  screens  located  below 
the  crushing  rolls  for  screening  the  product  delivered 
therefrom;  chocking  shelves  5.  are  used  to  check  the 
velocity  of  the  material  passing  over  the  screens  so  as 
to  secure  a  maximum  screening  effect.  The  screens  as 
shown  (  see  Fig. 2  )  are  preferably  provided  with  elongated 
slots  which  X  have  found  permit  of  a  much  more  perfect 
screening  operation  than  if  round  or  rectangular  holes  are 
used  as  with  ordinary  screens.  Screens  of  this  character 
are  fulty  disclosed  in  my  patent  No. 675, 057  dated  May  28, 
1901,  to  which  reference  is  directed  for  details  of  con¬ 
struction. 


As  shown,  the  width  of  the  screening  clots  is  sub¬ 
stantially  equal  to  the  distance  between  the  crushing  rolls 
whereby  the  greater  bulk  of  the  material  crushed  passes 
through  the  screens,  while  the  tailings  will  contain  any 
larger  metallic,  particles  whose  area  may  have  been  in¬ 
creased  by  the  crushing  operation.  The  tailings  are 
oarriad  off  by  conveyor  6  while  the  screenings  may  be 
delivered  by  conveyor  J.-  In  Figure  3,  the  crushing  rolls 
3-3.  are  shown  as  being  set  somewhat  closer  together  so  as 
to  effect  a  further  reduction.  These  may  bo  the  same 
rolls  aB  shown  in  Figure  1,  or  a  second  set  of  rolls. 

2. 


Iii  the  latter  ouss  the  screenings  from  the  oonvsyor  £ 
may  lie  delivered  to  the  hopper  1  of  the  second  rolls  by 
a  oonveyor  .8  Indicated  In  dotted  lines.  The  screens  for 
use  ut  tU  the  second  set  of  crushing  rolls  as  shown  in 
Figure  4  are  provided  with  slots  substantially  equal  to 
the  distance  between  the  rolls  whereby  the  small  pro¬ 
portion  of  tailings  will  oontain  the  enlarged  metallic 
particles  whoso  area  may  have  been  increased  by  the  rolls. 
In  Figure  3,  the  rolls  3-3,  are  shown  as  being  still  closer 
together  so  as  to  offoot  tho  further  reduction,  while  the 
screens  for  use  therewith.,  as  shown  in  Figure  6,  are 
provided  with  slots  equal  substantially  to  the  distance 
between  the  rolls.  These  rolls,  if  desired,  may  be  an 
independent  set  of  rolls  or  they  may  be  the  same  noils 
as  in  Figure  1  which  have  been  adjusted  more  closely 
together.  In  the  former  case  the  soroonings  from  the 
second  set  of  rolls  may  be  convoyed  to  the  hopper  of 
the  third  set  by  means  of  a  conveyor  £  shown  in  dotted 
lines.  -- 


In  view  of  tho  above  amendment  it  is  hoped  the 
ease  may  now  be  aoceptod  by  the  Office. 

Very  respectf ully, 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON 
By  ‘if.  - — 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
January  s*/  1907. 


His  Attorney 


M.E.C. 


.....2gRoom .  3X5 


/  :"'^v  J  ah 

. ‘  date  of  filing,  mid  title  of  invention. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  ^  y  ^  # 

fV  ;v  ; 

M*R  5  lg«-  "  I 

. I 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

Care  Prank  X.  Dyer, 

Orange,  Now  Taroey , 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of 


#352,417,  filed  January  15,  1907,  for  Process  of  Concentrating  Silver,. 

Oro-  &J,  cm^ 


Whatever  there^may  he  of  process  set  forth  in  the  claims  in  this 
case,  is  old  in  229,669,  Burgess,  July  6,  1880,  Ore  and  Coal, 

Washers,  H,  and  the  claims  are  accordingly  rejected.  Applicant 
has  merely  duplicated  the  steps  of  the  BurgesB  process,  4m  which 
there  is  no  invention.  Moreover,  the  claims  are  anticipated 
in  162,157,  Downton,  April  20,  1875;  also  in  267,016,  Prinz,  Nov. 

7,  1882,  PI  our  Processes.. 


Examiner,  Div.XXV. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OEEICB. 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

) 

PROCESS  OP  OOHCENTRATINC-  ) 

SILVER  ORES  ) 

)  Room  Wo,  STD 
Piled  January  15,  1907  ) 

Serial  No.  352,417  ) 

HONORABLE  COJO/ISSIOliBR  OR  PATENTS: 

SIR  :  — 

It  is  respectfully  submitted  that 
the  rejection  of  the  claims  contained  in  the  Examiner's 
communication  of  March  5,  1907  should  be  reconsidered  and 
the  claims  allowed. 

The  invention  of  this  application  is  based  upon 
the  discovery  by  the  applicant  that  the  special  ores 
operated  upon  oontain  particles  of  silver  in  it.B  free 
metallic  state.  This  fact  is  believed  to  have  been  un¬ 
known  before  its  discovery  by  the  applicant,  as  no  reference 
has  been  cited  to  show  that  this  fact  was  formerly  known, 
but  oven  if  known,  the  question  of  patentability  would 
not  be  affected.  Of  course  the  applicant  is  not  entitled 
to  a  patent  for  this  discovery,  but  the  process  by  whioh 
he  takes  advantage  of  the  discovery  to  recover  the  Bilver 
found  to  exist  in  the  ore  in  its  free  metallic  Btate,  is 
the  proper  subject  matter  for  a  patent.  The  claims  are 
drawn  to  cover  this  process  and  it  is  believed  that  they 
should  therefore  be  allowed. 

Of  the  reference  patents,  those  relating  to  flour 
milling  are  not  in  any  way  pertinent  to  the  present  sub¬ 
ject  matter,  and  it  is  believed  that  in  considering  the 
patentability  of  this  application,  these  patents  cannot  be 

S  1. 


consider  ad  as  constl  fcutiug  any  part  of  the  prior  art.  The 
onlj-  patent.  which  appears  to  have  any  pertinency  whatever 
in  the  patent  to  Burgesa,  :Jo  ,2':9 , 669 ,  which  covers  a  pr oc esc 
of  s operating  graphite  from  foreign  matter.  The  material 
upon  v.-jjioh  Burgeas  operated  was  fine  aand  or  gravel  con¬ 
taining  particles  of  graphite.  Applicant  operates  upon 
a  composite  hotly  of  oro  which  is  substantially  rock  and 
which  applicant  has  discovered  to  contain  particles  of 
free  silver.  It  is  submitted  that  a  person  who  had 
nothing  before  him  except  this  patent  to  Burgess,  for 
separating  graphite  from  sand  and  gravel,  would  obtain 
therefrom  no  suggestion  as  to  ho 7/  to  proceed  to  recover 
the  free  particles  of  silver  in  the  rook  classes  of  the 
ore  in  which  it  is  found.  This  is  tho  more  apparent 
since  metallurgists  have  had  access  to  the  disclosure  of  toe 
Burgas  11  patent  for  nearly  thirty  years ,  and  so  far  as 
applicant  knows  and  believes,  and  30  far  as  the  record  of 
this  case  discloses,  no  one  has  heretofore  conceived  or 
adopted  the  process  of  recovering  silver  from  tho  ore  which 
forms  the  subject  matter  of  this  application. 

If  the  Examiner  will  attempt  to  read  the  claims  of 
this  application  upon  the  Burgess  patent,  he  will  see  that 
the  claim  As  already  limited  heyond  the  disclosure  of  that 
patent,  and  contains  a  number  of  steps  not  disclosed  in 
tho  patent.  This  is  necessarily  true  because  of  tho  dif¬ 
ference  in  tho  materials  operated  upon.  It  seems  apparent, 
therefore,  that  the  applicant  3ias  discovered  a  new  scientif¬ 
ic.  principle,  which  he  can  protect  only  by  claims  for  the 
pro coso  in  vhitjh  that  principle  is  successfully  made  use 
of;  that  the  Burgess  patent  is  designed  to  operate  upon  a 
material  which  is  of  a  very  different  nature  from  the  ma¬ 
terial  operated  upon  by  the  present  applicant;  that  this 
patent  contains  no  suggestion  of  the  prooess  to  be  prao- 

2. 


ad  upon  such  different  imperial;  that  although  the 
genii  patent  has  been  before  mineralogists  for  upwards 
twenty-five  years,  no  one  has  heretofore  thought  of 
lying  or  applied  this  principle  to  the  recovery  of 
vor  from  the  ore;  and  that  the  claims  as  already  sub 
ted  are  not  readable  upon  the  disclosure  of  the  Burge 
ent,  and  for  these  reasons  it  is  submitted  that  the 
miner  should  reconsider  and  allow  the  cla ime  in  their 
sent  form,  and  such  action  is  respectfully  requested. 

THOMAS  A.  ifftlfo/j 

By 

np;o ,  3Tov.*  J or soy  His  Attorney, 

ember  ICO'/. 


ii—SOO. 


:viEO 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  d.  c.,  December  12,  1907. 

Thomas  A.  Bdison,  ^  ;;;C, 

Care  Prank  L.  Dyer,  \Jr-£  12  I3v7. 

Orange,  N.J.  * 


Please  find  below  a  communication,  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 

Ho, 352, 417,  filed  January  15,  1907,  for  Process  of  Concentrating 
Silver  Ores. 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Case  as  argued  November  26,  1907,  further  considered. 

/  Hie  claims  are  rejected  as  destitute  of  Invention  in  view  of 
28,^99,  Parrott,  May  29,  I860 ;  ,644^180 ,  Lane,  pebruqry  27,  1900, 
Crushing  Rolls,  D;  and  644, l&l,  Lane,  Neb.  27,  1900,  Separators, 

Dry,  and  the  references  of  record.  There  is  no  invention  in  the 
application  of  the  step  by  step  process  of  reduction  with  intervening 
separation  by  screening,  in  view  of  the  references. 


Bxaainer,  Division  XXV. 


IN  THIS  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


jj  Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

'  PROCESS  OP  CONCENTRATING  ) 

SILVER  ORES  ) 

) 

Piled  January  15,  1907  ) 

Serial  No.  552,417  ) 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS: 


In  response  to  Office  action  of 
■December  12,  1907,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case 
as  follows: 

Cancel  Claims  1,  5  and  5  and  renumber  Claims  2,  4 
and  6  aB  1,  2  and  5  respectively. 
s\  Add  the  following  claims: 


-  4.  In  apparatus  for  concentrating  ores  containing 

free  metallic  granules,  the  combination  of  a  series  of 
crushing  rolls,  through  which  the  ores  are  successively 
passed,  the  gap  between  each  pair  of  rolls  in  the  series 
successively  diminishing  in  width,  meajis  for  feeding  the 
ores  through  the  various  pairs  of  rolls,  adjusted  to  allow 
the  ore  to  be  fed  therethrough  only 

and  screens  interposed  between  the  pairs  of  rolls  of  the 
series,  having  elongated  slots  of  a  width  in  eaoh  case  sub¬ 
stantially  the  same  as  that  of  the  gap  between  the  pair 
of  rollB  above  the  Bame,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

5*  m  apparatus  f or'Vpncentrating  ores  containing 
jfree  metallio  granules,  the  combination  of  a  series  of 
(1) 


crushing  rolls,  thrtaigh  which  the  ores  are  successively 
passed,  the  gap  between  each  pair  of  rolls  in  the  series 
successively  diminishing,  in  width,  means  for  feeding  the 
oreB  through  the  various^ pairs  of  rolls,  adjusted  to  allow 
the  ore  to  he  fed  theretriro\gh  only  in  a  thin,  wide  stream, 
and  screens  interposed  betweeri  the  pairs  of  rolls  of  the 
series,  having  elongated  slots  V  a  width  in  each  case  sub¬ 
stantially  the  same  as  that \ of  thW  gap  between  the  pair 
of  rolls  above  the  same,  and,  means  nor  conveying  the 
material  which  passes  each  screen  to  \he  feed  for  the 
next  pair  of  rolls,  substantially  as  sot  forth.  - 

REMARKS 

The  process  claims  remaining  in  the  case  are  thought 
to  patentably  distinguish  from  the  references  in  that  each 
one  of  the  same  is  limited  to  the  process  of  subjecting  the 
ore  in  the  form  of  a  very  thin  sheet  or  stream  to  the 
various  crushing  operations.  This  idea  of  so  regulating 
the  feed  that  the  ore  shall  pasB  through  the  rolls  in  a 
thin  stream  substantially  only  a  single  particle  thick, 
iB  of  particular  value  in  this  connection,  since  thereby 
the  raetallio  particleB  which  are  flattened  by  their  passage 
through  the  rolls,  are  not  likely  to  be  broken  by  being 
pressed  between  particles  of  the  ore.  The  two  claims 
newly  added  are  thought  to  patentably  distinguish  in  the 
specif io  details  of  the  apparatus  Bhown  for  carrying  out 
applicant's  process. 

ReoonBideration  and  allowance  of  the  whole  oase  are 
requested. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 
By 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
December  8,  1908. 


His  Attorney 


-,;e- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  d.  c.,  Deo.  15,  1908. 


Tlioo.  A.  Edison, 

o/o  SrarikL. 

Orange , 


••  *brw,  f  OtC  I  ;i  19D8  >-  1 

■  ■  V  .FRANK  Li;  J  DEC  i 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  ip.  charge  of  your  application, 


Ho. 352, 417,  filed  Jan.  15,  1907,  for  Process  of  Concentrating  Silver 


Ooae  ao  amended  Dooember  10,  1908,  further  considered. 
Applicant  is  required  to  file  a  new  oath,  the  present 


oath  being  defootive  in  that  it  is  not  broad  enough  to  include  the 
apparatus  now  olaimed,  and  in  that  it  is  atteated  J^r  a  notary  public 
who  1b  applicant's  attorney  in  this  application.  See  opinion  of  the 
Attorney  General,  137  0.0.  3643;  and  Xho  Halls’  Safe  Co.  ▼.  Horring, 

“  Hall  "Marvin  Safe  Co.,  135  0.0.  1804.  The  amendment  to  the  oode  of 
the  Diatriot  nof  Columbia  on  whibh  said  opinions  are  based,  was 
approved  June  39,  1906,  and  henoe  applies  to  the  oath  in  this 
application  which  was  axsouted  six  months  subsequently. 

The  question  of  division  or  the  propriety  of  admitting 
apparatus  claims  where  a  drawing  did  not  fora  part  of  the  application 
as  originally  filed,  is  not  entirely  groe  from  doubt  and  consideration 
will  be  deferred. 

The  1st  3nd  and  3rd  olaims  are  rejeoted  in  view  of  the 
references  of  reoord,  the  manner  of  feed  cot  rendering  the  prooess 
a  patantably  different  one,  involving  as  it  does  substantially  only 
differonoe  of  degree  and  regulation  diotated  by  judgmentover  the 
ordinary  feed,  it  being  usual  to  feed  in  a  thin  sheet  to^oruahing 
rolls  (see  239,669,  Burgess,  of  reoord  -  line  4*;  345,463,  Duvall, 
August  9,  1881,  Bead  Hogulators,  B;  and  287,4126,  looker,  Oct.  23, 


352,417  -  2 


1883,  Food  Regulators,  B. ) 

Claim  4  is  raj  eotsd  in  view  of  Prinz  of  record, 
referonoes  oited  above,  and  the  screen  of  applicant's  patent  675,057, 
Hay  28,  1901,  Sifters  and  Screens,  A. 


Claim  5  is  rej  eoted  in  view  of  the  i 


io.  This  claim  and  the 


4th  ezpress  a  mere  aggregation  of  elements  old  in  the  prior  art  in 
the  same  sequence  as  in  Prinz. 

For  further  view  of  prior  art,  see  the  foeder  and  the 
screen  U  of  637,327,  Edison,  Hovember  21,  1899,  Crushing  Rolls,  B. 


Examiner,  Div  XXV. 


IN  TUB  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPE ICE 


ThomaB  A.  Edison  : 

PROCESS  OE  CONCENTRATING  : 

SILVER  ORES 

Piled  Jan.  15,  1$>07 
Serial  Ho.  352,417 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OE  PATENTS 
SIR; 


Room  No.  315. 


In  response  to  rejection  of  Booember 
16,  1^08,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  oaso  as  follows 


^  Page  1  of  the  Specification,  line  4,  insert  - 
and  apparatus  for  -  before  "concentrating". 

\/‘  Claim  1,  line  4,  after  "sheet"  insert  - 
substantially  only  a  single  particle  thick  -  . 

v  Claim  2,  lino  4,  after  "sheet"  insert  - 
substantially  only  a  single  particle  thick  -  . 

*  Claim  4,  line  7,  after  "stream"  insert  - 
substantially  only  a  single  particle  thick  -  . 

V  Cancel  Claim  5. 


REMARKS 

Applicant  will  file  a  new  oath  as  required  by 
the  Examiner  before  the  application  goes  to  issue. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  olaims  as 
now  amended  are  respectfully  requested.  None  of  the 
references  discloses  a  process  for  concentrating  ores 


(1) 


containing  free  metallic  granules,  which  consists  in  pass¬ 
ing  the  ore  through  a  series  of  crushing  operations  so 
arranged  that  the  non-metallio  material  will  he  crushed 
and.  those  metallic  granules  which  are  sufficiently  large 
will  he  increased  in  area  each  operation  and  screened  out, 
the  ore  being  fed  to  the  crushing  moans  in  a  very  thin 
stream  or  sheet  of  substantially  the  thickness  of  only 
a  single  particle  of  the  material.  By  this  means  the 
metal  is  recovered  by  purely  mechanical  means  v/ithout 
loss  from  breakage  such  as  would  ocour  if  the  matorial 
were  fed  in  a  thicker  stream.  Of  the  references  oited 
by  the  Examiner  to  show  that  it  is  old  to  feed  matorial 
in  a  thin  sheet  to  crushing  rolls,  one  reference,  Burgess, 
has  to  deal  with  a  non-metallic  material,  graphite,  while 
the  other  references  refer  to  flour  milling,  which  is  an 
entirely  non-analogous  art,  and  in  which  it  is  not  an 
object  to  prevent  the  breaking  up  of  the  particles  crushed 
as  in  applicant’s  case.  furthermore,  the  process  of 
running  the  material  repeatedly  tlirough  crushing  rolls 
in  a  thin  stream  as  specified,  to  inorease  the  area  each 
time  of  such  metallio  granules  as  have  previously  passed 
through  the  crushing  rolls  to  separate  out  the  same,  is 
new.  Claim  4,  drawn  to  apparatus,  is  thought  to  be 
patentable  for  the  reasons  just  advanoed  in  the  case  of 
the  process  claims.  Hone  of  the  references  diBoloses 
rolls  which  are  adjusted  to  allow  the  ore  to  be  fed  there¬ 
through  only  in  a  thin  wide  stream  of  substantially  the 
thickness  of  one  particle.  Claim  5  has  been  canoeled  as 
unnecessary.  final  action  is  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted. 


Orange,  N.  J. 
.December  14,  19o9, 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  Jan.  H,  19010. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

o/o  Frank  I..  Dyer, 

Orange,  II: J. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 
Ho.36-.',417,  .filed  Jan.  IS,  1907,  for  ^rpceas  of  Concentrating 


Commissioner  of  Patents, 


Case  further  considered  as  amended  Deo.  IP,  1909. 

The  question  of  division  -'ill  not  he  raised,  it  appearing 
that  the  process  and  apparatus  my  he  joined  in  this  particular 
application.  The  reference  to  u  drawing  in  tho  office  letter  of 
Deo.  15,  1900,  was  unwarranted ,  since  a  drawing  was  filed  on  Jan.  15, 
1.907,  the  date  of  completion  of  tho  application.  This  was  over¬ 
looked  because  of  a  pencil  notation  hy  the  application  clerk  on  the 
face  of  the  file  obscuring  the  subsequent  entry  of  a  dr-wing. 

The  remaining  defect,  as  to  the  oath  not  including  an 
apparatus,  will,  it  is  presumed  he  cured  when  the  new  oath  is 
supplied. 

The  claims  are  rejected  as  destitute  of  invention  in  view 
pf  the  references  of  record.  The  distinctions  over  the  proeosa 
of  Dane  lie  in  the  regulation  of  the  feed  to  rolls  and  screen  mesh; 
and  in  view  of  the  fact  of  the  necessity  of  a  thin  feed  to  tie 
crushing  rolls  in  a  strictly  analogous  process  being  disclosed 
in  Burgess,  it  does  not  appear  tfait  the  specif io  degree  of 
regulation  makes  the  process  patcntably  different  from  Lane's.  (See 
the  last  line,  page  1,  of  applicant's  patent  #675,057;  and 
the  last,  raragraph,  page  3,  and  lines  30-45,  page  4,  of  applicant's 
patent  #637,327).  jJP  . 

v" 

V*  ’  V* 


”52, 417  -  2 

The  apparatus  claim  (the  4th)  involves  the  interposition  of 
screens  such  as  are  disclosed  in  applicant! 3  patent  #037,527, 
between  each  of  a  series  of  rolls  such  as  those  of  Lane,  #644,180. 
in  view  of  linos  3—12,  page  2  of  said  Lane  patent,  such 
arrangement  does  not  appear  to  involve  more  than  judicious  selection 
from  the  prior  art;  while  the  feed  adjustment  is  a  common  feature 
disclosed  in  applicant's  own  patent  #637,327.  Feodors  for  adjusting 
the  thlokness  of  feed  being  old  and  common,  the  speoific  degree  of 
adjustment,  which  is  rarely  one  of  the  capabilities  of  the 
machine,  does  not  make  the  machine  t  atentably  different. 


Kxaminer,  Div.  25, 


I  IT  TIE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 

PROCESS  OF  CONCENTRATING 
SILVER  ORE 

Filed  January  15,  1907 
Serial  Ho.  352,417 


) 


j 

I 

) 


Room  No.  515. 


HONORABLE  COHEISSIONER  OF  PATENTS 

SIR: 

In  response  to  the  Office  action  of 
January  11,  1910,  please  amend  this  application  as  fol¬ 
lows 

In  the  fourth  line  from  the  Bottom  of  page  2, 
change  "tailings"  to  -  screenings  -  . 

R  E  11  A  R  K  S 

Applicant  will  file  a  new  oath  as  required  ty 
the  Examiner  Before  the  application  goeB  to  iBsue. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claimB  in 
their  present  form  are  respectfully  requested.  Hone  of 
the  references  discloses  a  process  for  concentrating  ores 
containing  free  metallic  granules,  which  consists  in  pass¬ 
ing  the  ore  through  a  series  of  crushing  operations  so 
arranged  that  the  non-metallio  material,  will  Be  crushed 
and  those  metalllo  granules  which  are  sufficiently  large 
will  Be  increased  in  area  each  operation  and  screened  out, 


(1) 


the  ore  being  fed  to  the  crushing  means  in  a  very  thin 
stream  or  sheet  of  substantially  the  thickness  of  only 
a  single  particle  of  the  material.  That  portion  of  appli¬ 
cant's  prior  patent  No.  675,057  referred  to  particularly 
by  the  Examiner,  namely,  the  last  line  of  page  1  of  said 
patent,  discloses  the  feeding  of  the  material  in  a  stream 
having  a  uniform  thickness  of  one  or  two  particles.  The 
object  of  having  such  a  thiokness  is  to  secure  satisfac¬ 
tory  screening.  In  this  patent,  the  material  is  not  fed 
to  crushing  rolls  at  all.  In  the  prooess  set  forth  in 
Claims  1  to  3  Inclusive  of  this  application,  the  material 
is  fed  to  crushing  rolls  in  a  very  thin  sheet  substantial¬ 
ly  only  a  single  particle  thick,  and  the  object  of  this 
is  to  prevent  the  flattened  metallic  granules  from  being 
broken  up  between  the  ore  particles  during  the  reduction 
of  the  latter.  See  the  sentence  beginning  in  the  4th 
line  from  the  bottom  of  page  3  of  thiB  application.  Appli¬ 
cant  had  no  such  object  in  view  in  his  prior  patent  No. 
675)05 7.  The  Examiner  Ka  also  referred  to  tho  last  para¬ 

graph,  page  3,  and  lines  30  to  45,  page  4,  of  applicant's 
prior  patent  No.  637)527.  This  patent  merely  states  that 
the  ore  iB  fed  in  a  stream  of  even  thickness,  and  the  ma¬ 
terial  is  fed  to  the  crushing  rolls  aB  fast  as  they  can 
take  care  of  it.  In  the  present  application,  by  feeding 
the  ore  to  the  rolls  in  '.thin  sheets  substantially  only  a 
single  particle  thick,  a  new  result  is  attained,  which  was 
not  contemplated  in  the  prior  patents  Nos.  657,327  and 
675,057. 

While  in  the  patent  to  Burgess,  No.  229,669, 
the  material  1b  fed  to  the  crushing  rollers  in  a  thin 


(2) 


stream,  there  is  no  disclosure  of  the  regulation  of  such, 
thin  stream  to  the  specific  thickness  which  is  set  forth 
in  these  claims.  Inasmuch  as  a  new  and  useful  result  is 
obtained  by  having  the  matorial  of  this  specif io  thickness, 
it  is  believed  that  this  limitation  constitutes  a  patent- 
able  distinction.  21ie  patents  to  Lane  Nos.  644,180  and 
644,181  do  not  disclose  the  feeding  of  the  material  in  a 
thin  sheet.  Neither  do  these  patents  show  a  screen  for 
each  sot  of  rolls.  For  the  reasons  set  forth  above  and 
also  in  the  remarks  accompanying  prior  amendments,  it  is 
believed  that  Claims  1,  2  and  5  covering  the  process 
should  be  allov/od. 

Referring  to  Claim  4  which  relates  to  the  appar¬ 
atus  used  in  carrying  out  the  process,  it  is  noted  that 
none  of  the  references  shows  the  means  for  feeding  the 
ores  through  the  various  pairs  of  rolls  adjusted  to  allow 
the  ore  to  be  fed  therethrough  only  in  a  thin  wide  stream 

substantially  only  a  single  particle  thick.  The  advant- 
particular 

age  of  this  pcawdclsaasat.  thickness  has  been  discussed  above 

and  is  set  forth  in  the  specification.  Furthermore,  in 
I  the 

this  claim,  the  arrangement . of /screens  is  Bet  forth  and 

the  relation  between  the  v/ldths  of  the  screen  openings  and 
the  gaps  between  the  pairs  of  rolls  is  Btated. 

It  is  believed  that  the  claimB  now  in  the  case 
oover  an  invention  of  merit  v/hlch  is  patentable  over  the 
references.  An  allowance  of  these  claims  is  therefore 
earnestly  requested.  If,  however,  the  Examiner  again 
rejects  these  claims,  he  is  asked  to  make  his  action  final, 
in  order  that  applicant  may  have  an  opportunity  to  appeal. 

Respectfully  submitted, 


I  Orange,  N.  J. 
JDeoember  ,  1910. 


0 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


WASHINGTON  J; .-11.  3,  1911, 

Thor  us  A.  ''il  '.fi on, 

c/o  It'runi:  1,.  Byer, 

Orange ,  J. 

Please  find  below  a  communication,  from  llio  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


l!o. 3:52,  417,  filed  Jan. 
Silver  Ores. 


15,  1907,  for  Prooess  of  Concentrating 


Thio  application  further  considered  an  amended  and 
argued  Pec.  20,  1910. 

The  claim  are  again  and  finally  rn, looted  for  reasons  and 
upon  the  references  stated  in  the  lust  office  Hotter.  If  the 
smaller  particles  are  removed  by  screening  and  the  largr-r  particles 

are  delivered  with  npacos  between  them  (line  81,  42,  page  4  of  #637, 

therein 

327,  Edison) ,  to  rolls,  it  appears  that  applicant  discloses  the 
feeding  of  the  material  in  a  leyer  a  single  particle  thick  to  the 
rolls  (and  see  "having  a  uniform  thickness  of  one  or  two 
particles",  last  line,  page  1,  and  first  line,  page  2  of 
#675,057,  Edison  of  reoord) .  it  is  held  not  to  involve  invention 
to  apply  this  manner  of  feed  in  Burgess  or  Lane  of  record. 

The  formal  requirements  rust  he  oomplied  with  before  appeal i 


Examiner,  Biv.  25, 


IH  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON  ) 

PROCESS  OF  CONCENTRATING  j 

SILVER  ORES  . 

Filed.  January  15,  1907  • 

Serial  No.  352,417  \ 


Room  No. 


315. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

The  accompanying  oath  is  filed  in 
the  above  entitled  case  in  order  to  put  the  same  in  con¬ 
dition  for  appeal. 

Respectfully, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

Byg 

His  Attorney. 

Orange,  New  Jersey, 

January  / j  ,  1911. 


State  of  New  Jersey,  ) 
County  of  Essex.  ) 


;  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON,  who  on  or  about 

January  15,  1907,  filed  in  the  United  States  Patent  Office, 
Application  Serial  No,  352,417  for  Letters  Patent  for 
improvements  in  PROCESS  OP  CONCENTRATING  SILVER  ORES, 
being  duly  sworn,  deposes  and  says  that  he  is  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States,  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn  Park, 
Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey;  that  he 
verily  believes  himself  to  he  the  original,  first  and  sole 
inventor  of  the  Improvements  in  PROCESS  OP  AND  APPARATUS 
POR  CONCENTRATING  SILVER  ORES,  described  and  claimed  in 
the  said  application;  that  he  does  not  know  and  does  not 
believe  that  the  Bame  was  ever  used  or  known  before  his 
invention  thereof;  or  patented  or  described  in  any  printed 
publication  in  the  United  States  of  America,  or  any  foreign 
country  before  his  invention  or  discovery  thereof,  or 
more  than  two  years  prior  to  said  application;  or  patented 
in  any  country  foreign  to  the  United  States  on  an  appli¬ 
cation  filed  more  than  twelve  months  prior  to  said  appli¬ 
cation;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  the  United  StateB 
for  more  than  two  years  prior  to  said  application;  and 
that  no  application  for  patent  upon  said  invention  has 
Seen  filed  by  him  or  his  legal  representatives  or  assigns 
in  any  foreign  country  prior  to  said  application. 


\/Zt-o.y$.  fatten,, n 


Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  this  / J  ^  day  of 
1911. 


(/uJL) 


a-  i/^.  _ 

Notary  Public . 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


0- 


WASHINGTON  ,Tan.  21,  1911. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

o/o  Frank  T,.  Dyer, 

Orango,  JT.  J-jj 

Please  find,  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER 


X 


"£e  of  your  application. 


No. 3.02,417,  filed  Jun.  15,  1907,  for  Procosa  of  Concentrating 
Silver  ores. 

_  Commissioner  of  Patents. 


This  application  further  considered  as  brought  up  by 
letter  and  oath  filed  .ran.  19,  1911. 

The  filing  and  on  try  of  the  oath  place  this 
application  in  condition  for  appeal. 


Examiner,  Div.  20.. 


December  22,  1911, 


Mr.  Edison: - 

F01I0  280  -  PROCESS  OF  CONCENTRATING  SILVER  ORES 

The  olaims  in  this  application  have  been  finally  rejeoted. 
If  the  application  is  to  be  prosecuted  further,  an  appeal  must  be 
taken. 

The  principal  references  are  the  patents  to  Burgess,  Ho. 
229,669  and  lane.  No.  644,180. 

The  patent  to  Burgess  shows  a  prooess  of  separating  graph¬ 
ite  from  foreign  mineral  matter,  whioh  oonsists  in  flattening  the 
graphite  and  pulverizing  the  foreign  mineral,  and  separating  the 
flattened  flakes  of  graphite  from  the  pulverized  mineral  by  screen¬ 
ing. 

The  patent  to  Dane  shows  apparatus  for  separating  mall¬ 
eable  metals,-  particularly  copper,  from  the  rook,  sand  or  gravel 
with  whioh  they  are  mixed  as  found  in  nature.  The  mixture  is 
passed  between  a  series  of  rolls,  the  distanoe  between  the  rolls 
of  each  pair  being  a  trifle  less  than  the  distanoe  between  the 
rolls  of  the  pair  preceding  it  in  aoting  upon  the  material. 

Screens  are  provided  at  intervals  for  separating  the  flattened 
metal  particles  from  the  orushed  rook,  eto.  See  particularly 
Fig.  1. 

The  olaims  in  your  application  in  their  present  form 
are  all  limited  to  feeding  the  material  in  a  thin  stream  substan¬ 
tially  only  a  single  partiole  thiok.  There  is  a  fair  ohanoe  of 
seouring  the  allowance  of  some  olaims  over  the  references,  inasmuoh 


Mr.  Edison  -  #2 


as  the  references  do  not  show  means  for  controlling  the  thiokness 
of  the  stream  of  material  fed  to  eaoh  suooessive  pair  of  rolls. 

Do  you  wish  us  to  take  an  appeal  on  this  oase? 


HI-JS 


legal  Department. 


fh  -Y-  ** 


'ZT  -T±i- 

,  v-  /*- — L 


add 


Serial  No.aim4..s3L/..tO^ 


my~ — - 


Examiner’s  Room  No. _ £J—^— 


Patent  Nn.^  b .  3  3^....  Issued  -^hjOCx-lj-^f-La — 


2  _ J7 1 7_ 


5./L^k^M2^ 


'iz. 1 9 _ _ _ 

20 _ 


21 _ _ 

9 Z! _ -11 _ Jud—k^  J>.+l4-£&-  24, ...A - jd_L 


— # 

FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

Orange,  New  Jersey 


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petition. 


3To  tfje  Commissioner  of  patent#: 

gour  petitioner  thomas  a.  kdi  s  oh 
a  citijen  of  tfje  tlniteb  States,  resting  anti  fjabing  a  Post  (Office  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  lie?/ 
Jersey 


praps  tfjat  fetters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  bint  for  tfje  improbements  in 

TELEPHONES 


Set  fortfj  in  tfje  annexeb  specification;  anb  fje  fjerebp  appoints  jfranU  3L  ©per 
(Registration  Jfo.  560),  of  ©range,  i2eto  fersep,  fjis  attornep,  toitfj  fuff 
potoer  of  Substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  tfjis  application,  to  rnalte 
alterations  anb  amenbtnents  tfjerein,  to  receibe  Hjc  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tfje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjeretm'tfj. 


-  SPECIFICATION  - 


TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN; 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn 
Park,  Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New 
Jersey,  have  invented  certain  new  and  useful  improvements 
in  TELEPHONES,  of  which  the  following  is  a  description: 

My  invention  relates  to  improvements  in  tele¬ 
phones,  and  my  object  is  to  provide  a  telephone  in  which 
sounds  of  great  volume  will  he  obtained  at  the  receiving 
devioe.  I  aim  particularly  to  produce  an  improved  tele¬ 
phone  in  which  batteries  and  induction  coils  may  be  dis¬ 
pensed  with,  it  being  possible  with  my  apparatus  to  obtain 
a  very  loud  reproduction  at  the  receiver  by  the  ubo  of 
transmitters  of  the  earliest  magneto  type,  in  which  the 
vibration  of  a  diaphragn  under  the  influence  of  sound 
waves  in  proximity  to  the  pole  or  poles  of  an  eleotro-mag- 
net  will  induoe  currents  in  the  ooil  or  coils  thereof 
corresponding  graphically  in  form  to  the  sound  waves. 

The  invention  comprises  at  each  station  a  very 
small  direct  current  magneto  generator  having  a  revolving 
armature  of  small  diameter  and  with  numerous  coils,  and 
turning  at  a  high  speed,  the  receiver  being  in  circuit 
with  the  armature  and  being  actuated  by  the  current  gener¬ 
ated  thereby.  Mounted  upon  one  or  both  of  the  fields 
of  the  magneto  at  each  station,  is  a  coll  in  the  line  cir¬ 
cuit  whereby  the  undulatory  currents  on  the  line  will 
effect  corresponding  variations  in  the  magnetic  fields_ 
of  the  magnetos*  By  thus  operating  the  armature  #se 


of  the  magneto  at  each  station  in  a  varying  field,  the 
variations  of  which  are  controlled  hy  the  undulatory  cur¬ 
rents  generated  or  controlled  hy  the  transmitting  devices, 

I  cause  the  current  generated  at  each  magneto  to  he  cor¬ 
respondingly  varied  so  as  to  reproduce  the  sounds  in  the 
usual  receiving  apparatus..  Since,  however,  the  current 
generated  at  each  magneto  will  he  enormously  more  power¬ 
ful  than  the  current  which  is  generated  or  controlled  hy 
the  transmitting  devices,  I  obtain  a  much  greater  ampli¬ 
fication  than  if  the  line  currents  were  received  hy  the 
receiver  directly.  In  other  words,  with  my  improved  tele¬ 
phone,  the  lino  currents  instead  of  directly  actuating  the 
receiver,  are  used  to  control  the  magnetic  conditions  of 
the  generator,  the  currents  of  which  are  many  times  more 
powerful  than  those  originally  generated  or  produced.  Con¬ 
sequently,  suoh  a  receiving  apparatus  might  if  desired  he 
effectively  used  as  a  telephonio  relay,  reoeiving  from  one 
circuit  currents  which  control  the  magnetio  condition  of 
the  generating  apparatus  and  sending  out  on  the  succeeding 
circuit  amplified  ourrents  generated  hy  the  rotating  arma¬ 
ture.  The  armatures  of  the  generators  may  he  operated  in 
any  suitable  way,  hut  I  prefer  for  this  purpose  to  make  use 
of  small  spring  motors,  Buo'n  as  are  now  used  for  the  opera¬ 
tion  of  phonographs,  and  which  can  ho  readily  arranged  to 
turn  the  armature  at  a  speed  of  5000  revolutions  per  min¬ 
ute  for  from  five  to  fifteen  minutes.  Suoh  a  Bpring  motor 
can  he  wound  up  hy  hand  from  time  to  time,  or  it  may  he 
automatically  wound  when  the  reoeiver  1b  removed  from  the 
hook,  or  hy  the  weight  of  the  operator,  as  will  he  under¬ 
stood.  While  I  prefer,  for  the  sake  of  simplicity  of  con¬ 
struction,  to  make  use  of  an  ordinary  magneto  transmitter 


at  each  station,  it  will  bo  understood  that,  the  line  cur¬ 
rents  for  varying  the  field  of  the  generator  at  eaoh.  statior , 
may  be  produced  or  obtained  in  other  ways,  as  for  example, 
by  the  common  arrangement  of  a  variable  resistance  trans¬ 
mitter  with  battery,  either  operated  alone  or  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  an  induction  coil. 

In  order  that  the  invention  may  be  better  under¬ 
stood,  attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawings 
of  which  - 

Figure  1  is  a  diagrammatic  view  showing  a  single 
receiving  station,  and  illustrating  a  magneto  transmitter; 

Figure  2  is  an  enlarged  front  elevation  of  the 
magneto  generator  operated  by  a  spring  motor,  and 

Figure  3  is  a  plan  view  of  the  same. 

1_  represents  a  very  Bmall  magneto  generator, having 
fields  2  and  armature  3,  the  latter  being  preferably  about 
l/2  inoh  in  diameter  and  l/2  inch  in  length,  and  having  as 
many  coils  thereon  as  possible,  in  order  that  the  current 
generated  thereby  may  be  as  free  as  possible  from  fluctua¬ 
tions  due  to  the  armature  construction.  For  the  same  pur¬ 
pose  the  speed  of  rotation  should  be  very  high,  so  tEhat  any 
fluctuations  in  the  armature  circuit  will  be  rendored 
practically  inaudible  at  the  receiver.  7/ith  an  armature 
of  the  size  above  indicated  the  commutator  may  be  provided 
with  as  many  as  24  segments  and  the  armature  may  be  rotated 
at  as  high  a  speed  as  five  thousand  revolutions  per  minute. 

The  brushes  4,  and  £  of  each  generator  bear  on  the  com¬ 
mutator  6_  in  the  usual  way  and  connect  with  the  usual  tele¬ 
phone  receiver  Mounted  on  one  or  both  of  tho  fieldB  2 
of  eaoh  generator  is  a  coil  8  in  the  line  oircuit  9,  an  all 
metal  oircuit  being  shown  for  the  purpose  of  illustration. 


3. 


At  each  Btation  I  illustrate  an  ordinary  magneto  transmit¬ 
ter  10  for  generating  very  weak  alternating  currents  cor¬ 
responding  graphically  to  the  sound  waveB  and  which  actuate 
the  coils  IB,  so  as  to  vary  the  magnetic  conditions  of  the 
fields  in  which  the  armatures  .3  rotate,  whereby  the  current 
generated  by  each  generator  will  likewise  correspond  gra¬ 
phically  to  the  sound  waves,  but  with  an  enormous  amplifi¬ 
cation.  For  driving  the  armature  3.  of  each  generator,  I 
illustrate  a  spring  motor,  the  spring  being  contained  in 
the  barrel  11,  and  the  speed  being  regulated  by  a  centri¬ 
fugal  governor  12  ,as  in  ordinary  phonograph  motorB. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  1  claim 
as  new  and  deBire.to  secure  by  letters  patent,  is  as 
follows: 


1.  toi  a  telephonic  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotat ing 'armature  for  generating. a  continuous 
pulsating  currentXa-  4  a  closed  circuit  therefrom,  of 
means  for  varyi(ng,  the^magnetic  field  in  whiefc  the  anmature 
noitcfces  in. .correspondence  v/ith  sound  vibrations,  as  and 

^foi>t he  purposes  set  forti^V 

2.  In  a  telephonic  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotating  armature  for  geneV^ating  "a  continuous 
pulsating  current  and  atelephone  ^receiyer  ip  circuit 
therewith,  of  means -for  varying  th,e  field  to  waeh-  ttn? 
a^iotune^otetes- in  correspondence  with'sPjind  vibrations, 

^as^an'd  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

3.  In  a  telephonic  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotat  ing  armature  for  generating  a  continuous 
pulsating  current  and  a  closed  circuit  therefrom,  of  * 


0 octroi  lint/  coil  for  varying  the .magnetic  field  -in  which 
the  armature  rotates , and'  "means  for  actuating  said  coil 
with  a'^vh^ying  current  corresponding  graphically  with 
sound 'wav e^jas  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

\ 

telephonic  apparatus,  the  combination 
with  a  rotating  armbkture  for  generating  a  continuous 
^pulsating  current,  aniNa  closed  cirouit  therefrom,  of  a 
(coil  for  varying  tig . magnetic  field, -iH 
yrota-i&a,  a  cl  os 

transmitter  x'k  said  closed  ciroih.^,  as  and  for  the  purposes] 
set  forth. 

X 

5.  In  a  telephonic  apparatus,  t£e  combination 
with  a  rotating  armature  for  generating  continuous 

pulsating  currents,  a  spring  motor  for  rotat inksaid  , 

\  frAti/- 

,  and  a  ^losed  jsirc'uit  from /Said  armature,x^fympans^ 
tcrmarture 

-in  correspondence  with  sound ^vibrations,  aB  and  t 
the  purposes  set  forth. 


u 


State  of  i?eto  fersep 
Countp  of  €ssex 


j-  SS., 


THOMAS  a.  i®  I  son  ,  tfje  abobe  nameti 

petitioner,  being;  bulp  Stoorn,  beposes  ant)  Saps  tijat  fje  is  a  citizen  of  tfje  tHnitcb 
States!,  ant)  a  resident  of  Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  in  the  county  of 
Essex  and  State  of  Hew  Jersey 


tfjat  fje  berilp  beliebes  fjimsielf  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbements  in 

TELEPHONES 


beScribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tfje  annexeb  Specification;  tfjat  fje  boes  not  fmotn  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  tfje  Same  toas  eber  fenohm  or  useb  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscoberp  tfjereof;  or  patenteb  or  beScribeb  in  anp  printeb  publication  in  tfje 
®niteb  States  of  America  or  anp  foreign  countrp  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscoberp  tfjereof,  or  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  patenteb 
in  anp  countrp  foreign  to  tfje  ©niteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  tfjan 
tboelbe  montfjs  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  tfje 
Uniteb  States  for  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  anb  tfjat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  Saib  inbention  fjas  been  fileb  bp  fjim  or  fjis  legal 


repreSentatibeS  or  assigns  in  anp  foreign  countep. 

- - ^<7 

Stoorn  to  anb  subScribeb  before  me  tfjis  of  V90/ 

HSealW  ^otarp  public. 


[ON  BACK  OF  PRECEDING  PAGE] 


P-lu ,  ,  ■) 
'it 0-  f- 


i}  4y  jM  -i- 

h.  vtc. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  JUljT  18th,  1907* 

Thomas  A,  Bdison, 

Cara  tfranlc  ID.  Dyer, 

Brans® »  1T»  J. 

. Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  "Telephone"  filed  June  14,  1907,  ser.  lfo.  378,891. 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


This  application  has  been  examined. 

The  claims  are  rejected  on 

McDonough,  446,188,  I?eb.  10,  1891,  class  179-subclass  77. 

.  Regarding  claim  4,  there  would  be  .no  invention  in  employing 
any  old  form  of  transmitter  with  McDonough's  relay,  and  as  to 
claim  5,  it  would  not  involve  patentability  .to  operate  McDono£gh*s 
armature  by  a  spring  motor. 


Examiner,  Division  XVI* 


in  tick  innsHD  states  patert  opfice. 

Thomas  A.  Edison 
TELEPHOIfflS 
Piled  June  14,  1908 
Serial  iro.  378,891 

IIOHOHABEE  COKIISSIOIIER  OP  PATHTTS , 

8IE: 

Replying  to  Offioe  rejec¬ 
tion  of  ,ruly  18,  1907,  pleaae  amend  tlie  above  entitled 
case  as  follows: 

Page  1  of  the  specification,  please  canoel  last  two 
words  "of  the". 

Claim  l,  line  4,  insert  -  a  permanently  magnetized 
field  in  which  the  armature  rotates  and  -  before  "means"; 
same  claim,  lines  4  and  5,  cancel  "in  which  the  armature 
rotates"  after  "fields 

Claim  2,  lino  4,  insert  after  "of"  -  a  permanently 
magnetized  field  in  which  the  armature  rotates  and 
lines  4  and  5,  after  "field"  cancel  "in  which  the  armature 
rotates". 

Claim  3,  line  4,  insert  before  "controlling"  -  per- 
mamently  magnetized  field  in  which  tho  armature  rotates 
and  lines  4  and  5,  after  "field",  cancel  -  in  which  tho 
armature  rotates 

Claim  4,  line  4,  before  "coil"  insert  -  permanently 
magnetized  field  in  which  the  armature  rotates  and  a 
lineB  4  and  5,  after  "field"  cancol  -  in  which  the  armature 
rotates  “• 


) 

5 

:  Room  JTo.  109 
) 

) 


1. 


Claim  5,  line  4,  oof ore  "means "  insert  -  a  permanent¬ 
ly  magnetized  field  in  which  the  armature  rotatos  and 
lines  5  and  6,  after  "field"  oanoel  -  in  v/liich  the  arma¬ 
ture  rotates  ~. 

-RS HARKS  - 


Reconsideration  is  requested. 

Hie  claims  have  'seen  amended  in  view  of  the  rofernnoe 
of  record  to  distinguish  more  clearly  thorofrom. 

Applicant  employs  a  ar.io.ll  magnoto  generator  liaving 
a  permanent  eleotro  magnet  for  a  field  with  controlling 
coils  mounted  thoroon  in  tho  lino  circuit  of  the  telephone 
transmitter. 

Hie  undulatory  currents  in  the  lino  caused  Toy  the 
vibrations  of  tho  diaphragm  of  the  transmitter,  cause 
oorrosponding  variations  in  tho  magnetic  field  of  tho  mag¬ 
neto,  that  is,  a  greater  or  loss  magnetic  effect  is  given 
the  field  above  tliat  which  it  normally  has,  and  in  conse¬ 
quence  the  talking  current  is  relayed  into  the  circuit  of 
the  roooiver. 

In  the  case  of  the  reference  He  Donough,  however, 
it  would  appear  that  a  pole  of  soft  iron  waso  contemplated 
for  tho  field.  Shis  is  thought  by  applicant  to  be  in  in¬ 
operative  structure.  The  flaw  of  electric  current  genera¬ 
ted  by  the  battery  disclosed  tjirough  tho  coils  of  the 
field  magnet  is  controlled  entirely  by  the  vibrations  of 
the  transmitter.  lienee  the  magnetism  of  the  field  coils 
may  decrease  almost  to  zero  and  the  current  generated  by 
the  armature  would  correspondingly  decrease  to  nothing. 


Ilia  practical  impossibility  of  getting  a  talking  ourront 
through  the  field  coils  and  the  battery  disclosed  by  the 
Me  Do no ugh  patent  should  also  bo  noted. 

In  view  of  these  amendments  ana  remarks,  a  reconsider 
ation  and  allowance  of  this  case  Are  respectfully  request¬ 
ed. 


Thoms  A.  Edison 


Oranga 

July 


Hcvt,  Jersey 
/S~  1903. 


by 


opiey 


2—260. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 


Thomas  A.  Edison,  Washington,  d 
o/o  Frank  Xu  Dyer,- 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey. 


Plca*o  ft.n.rl  below  a  oomniwnioalion,  from  the  EXAMINER 

#378,891,  filed  June  14,  1907,  for  Telephones 


September  19,  1908. 


*  SiP  19  1908 

ehargo  of  youir" application, 


ThlB  action  is  in  response  to  amendment  of  July  16, 

1908. 

Each  of  olaima  1,  2,  3,  4  and  8  iB  again  rejected 
on  McDonough,  of  record.  In  line  30,  page  1,  of  McDonough’s 
specification,  the  generator  is  described  as  a  magneto  eleotrio 
machine,  Which  implies  that  permanent  magnets  were  in  contempla¬ 
tion.  Again,  in  lines  50-55,  the  magnets  are  described  as  being 
permanent  magnets.  „ 

Yi 

\  4 


IN  TItB  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 
TELEPHONES 
Filed  June  14,  19°7 
Serial  No.  578,891 


Room  No.  109 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  September 
19,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  caBe  as  follows: 
Cancel  all  the  claims  and  substitute  the 


following: 

■c  apparatus,  the  combination  with 
ng  a  large  number  of  coils  for 
pulsating  current  free  from 
rotating  the  same  at  high  speed, 
refrora,  of  a  permanently  magnetized 
ure  rotates,  and  meanB  for  vary- 
ondence  with  Bound  vibrations, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


I  $ .  In  a  telephonic  apparatus,  the  combination  with 

a  rotating  armature  having  a  large  number  of  ooIIb  for 
generating  a  continuous  pulsating  current  free  from 
fluctuations,  means  for  rotating  the  Bame  at  high  speed, 
and  a  closed  cirouit  therefrom,  of  a  permanently  magnetized 


(1) 


field  in  which  the  armature  rotates,  a  controlling  coil 
for  varying  the  magnetization  of  said  field,  a  closed 
circuit  including  said  coil,  and  means  for  impressing 
a  current  corresponding  to  sound  vibrations  on  said  cir¬ 
cuit,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

REMARKS 

The  claims  as  amended  are  thought  to  distinguish 
patentably  over  the  reference,  and  reconsideration  and 
allowance  are  respectfully  requested.  It  is  thought  that 
the  construction  as  shown  and  doscribed  by  McDonough  would 
not  be  operative  or  efficient  for  the  purpose  desired. 
Applicant  places  a  controlling  coil  on  one  or  both  of  the 
fields  of  a  permanent  magnet,  provides  the  armature  with 
as  great  a  number  of  coils  as  possible  to  generate  a 
current  practically  free  from  fluctuations,  and  rotates 
the  same  at  as  high  speed  aB  possible  so  that  whatever 
fluctuations  there  may  be  will  be  inaudible  at  the 
telephone  receiver. 

Respectfully  submitted 
THOMAS 
By 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey 
September  1909. 


.109 


P.H.  ■«>»“* 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

United  States  Patent  Office, 


WASHINGTON,  D 


October  29,  1909. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

c/o  Prank  It.  I>yor, 
Orange,  JT.  J. 


(  ""oojm.mT 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  ybur  'application, 

S.  TTo.  370,891,  filed  June  14,  1907,  Telephones. 


This  aotion  is  in  response  to  amendment  filed  Sept. 
15,  1909. 

The  claims  now  presented  are  again  rejected  on 
HcPonough,  of  record.  The  reference  describes  the  use  of 
a  dynamo  electric  or  a  magneto  eleotrio  machine  of  any 
desired  kind.  See  page  1,  lines  56  and  57  of  the  speci¬ 
fication.  A  magneto  electric  machine  is  a  machine  having 
a  field  produced  by  a  permanent  magnet,  and  therefore  it 
is  not  Been  that  the  claims  presented  contain  anything  of 
a  patentable  nature  over  the  reference. 


t 


Ill  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 
TELEPHONES 
Filed  June  14,  1907 
Serial  Ho.  378,891 


Room  No. 


109 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  October 
29,  1909,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows :- 

Cancel  Claim  1. 

Renumber  Claim  2  as  1,  and  in  line  5  thereof 
insert  -  metallic  -  before  "circuit". 


REMARKS 


Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 

The  claim  is  thought  to  distinguish  specifically  from  the 
reference.  The  reference  iB  quite  vague  aB  to  its  dis¬ 
closure  and  it  is  thought  that  the  same  should  not  be 
given  sufficient  weight  to  prevent  the  grant  to  a  patent 
to  applicant  for  reasons  already  Bet  forth. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
October  27th,  1910. 


By- 


His  Attorney 


Paper  No. _ .7.... 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

Washington  Tocenbor  7,  1910. 


Thorns 8  lidlaon, 

O/o  VranV.  Cyor , 

Orange,  J. 


DFO'7  ]!Uf! 


Please  find  helow  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 

s.  Ho.  37B.R91,  1Mloa  Juno  14,  1907,  Telephones. 


This  notion  is  in  response  to  amendment  filed  Oct.  09, 

1910. 

The  el aim  is  not  seen  to  patontubly  distinguish  from 
HoHonough ,  of  record,  and  is,  therefore,  finally  rejected. 
This  reference  seems  to  completely  anticipate  applicant's 
cller-ed  Invention. 


/-■"  3 2~l  ■ 


\  i 


Ac./.  /f // 

S' l-cnM-^e£.  <K—Jl 

—  a — 

~  ■* 

l*-u-~0  /yu*>  Osv-,-  ot- 

/  / 

f*— *—  ^t-**-^£.  “Z5u 


j.  w.  McDonough. 

TELEPHONE  TRANSMISSION. 

Patented  Feb.  10,  1891. 


No.  446,188. 


2  Sheets— Sheet  2. 

J.  W.  MoDONOUGH. 

TELEPHONE  TRANSMISSION, 

Patented  Feb.  10,  1891. 


No  Model.) 

No.  446,188. 


United  States  Patent  Office 


james  \v.  McDonough,  op  new  Vork,  n.  v. 

TELEPHONE  TRANSMISSION. 


5  State  of  New  York, iinvclnvonted  certain  new 
and  useful  Improvements  in  Telephone 
Transmission,  of  which  the  following  is  a 
spccilication. 

My  invention  relates  toinennsfortrniismlt- 
o  ting  spoken  words  and  musical  tones  by  the 
agency  of  electricity,  and  is  designed  as  an 
improvement  upou  the  methods  at  present  in 
use  involving  tho  employment  of  so-called 
“  induction-coils.” 

S  ^  Tho^objccUif  niy^invention  is  to  inerensn 

SK  combination,  with  a  transmitter 
responsivo  to  sound-vibrations  of  any  kind,' 
to  of  a  dynamo-electric  or  magneto-electric  uni- 

V  transmitter,  while  its  armature,  operated  by 
any  suitable  power,  delivers  a  current  that  is 
15  utilized  diroetly  or  indirectly  in  operating 
upon  a  suitable  receiver. 

My  invention  consists,  secondly,  in  a  novel 
mothod  of  transmiltingsouiids  electrically  by 
automatically  changing  the  magnetic  comli- 
[o  tion  of  n.dynnnioormngnctoolectrie  machine 
innccorduneowith  the  sound-vibrations,  while 
at  the  snino  timedriving  the  machine  bynny 
suitable  powor,  and  in  employing  tho  ciianged 
electric  currents  tints  developed  in  the  inn- 
15  chine  to  operate  directly  or  indirectly  upon 
the  recoivor.  ! 

My  invention  consists,  thirdly,  in  nn  im¬ 
proved  niothod  of  transmitting  sounds  by 
electricity,  consisting  in  automatically  vary- 
;o  lug  the  intensity  of  a  magnetic  lield  through 
the  agency  ctf  nn  instriimehl  responsive  to 
sounds,  and  in  operating  tho  recoiving-iiistrii- 
inont  by  means  of  tho  current  deiivored  from 
a  ningneto-oleclricarmaturothatis  placed  in 
f 5  such  variable  field  and  Is  operated  by  any 
suitable  mechanical  power. 

In  tho nccoinphnyingdrawings  Ihnvo  illus¬ 
trated  preferred  forms  of  apparatus  for  carry¬ 
ing  out  my  invention. 

;o  Figure  I  shows  a  simple  nrrnngomenl;  big. 


Figs,  il,  4,  and  5  illustrate  other  ways  i 
rying  out  the  invention. 

Referring  to  Fig.  1,FF  indicates  tin 
magnets  of  a  dyn'iuno:olectric_or_mn; 
electric  machine  pf_qny..dosiL'cd-kiiifl,  j 
an  armature  for  said  .machine.  I  pro 
umploy'as'nn'arinaturo  tho  well-known 
notti  or  Gramme  armature  or  any  othoi 
lmv|ng  quilo  a  largo  number  of  coil 
adapted  to  deliver  a  current  of  gren 
fortuity. 

C  indicates  the  commutator  of  such 
turc,and  L  tho  conductor  lending  to  tli 
pliono-roccivcr  It  at  any  desired  point, 
brushes  of  thu  commutator  are  connec 
the  circuit,  so  Hint  tho  armature  will  d 
a  current  totlioclcctriccircuitconneotci 
tho  telephone- receiver.  Tho  field- m 
coils  F  are  connected  in  series  with  on 
oilier  in  or  to  a  circuit  containing  a  bi 
L 11  or  oi  lier  generator  of  electricity,  tli 
of  which  through  lltccoilsof  thoficld-ni 
is  controlled  in  any  dosirtfd  mannor  b 
agency  of  an  instrument  rospousivo  tos 
vibrations. 

T  indicates  such  an  instrument,  cons 
of  an  ordinary  lolopliono-trausmitter,  v 
for  tho  purpose  of  controlling  tliofiowo 
rent  in  tho  circuit  to  tho  coils,  is  pine 
shown,  in  the  direct  circuit,  including 
coils  and  the  source  of  electricity.  I  d 
however,  limit  myself  to  such  special  an 
mont,  but  design  employing  anyarrangi 
of  connections  orof' devices  whereby,  tli 
the  ngenoy  of  nn  instrument  responsi 
sound-vibrations,  the  magnetic  intonsi 
the  field  in  which  the  armature  A  rot 

A  is  to  bo  driven  by  any  suitable  inccln 
powor  and  to  bo  kept  at  ns  nearly  a  mi 
into  of  revolution  us  is  practicable. 

Tho  operation  of  tho  apparatus  dose 
would  bo  as  follows:  The  armature  A, 
revolved,  delivers  a  current  to  tho  cln 
and  receiver  R,  which  current  being  p 
cnlly  continuous  produces  no  sonsiblo  c 
sounds  in  tho  receiver  R.  If,  howovo 
magnetic  field  in  which  tho  armature  rot 
be, varied,  tho  current  delivered  by  tho  i 
tui  e  will,  as  is  well  known,  bo  correspond 
varied  in  accordance 'with  tho  clinng 
magnetic  intensity  in  tlio  field.  If 


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-SPECIFICATION- 
TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN ,  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON,  a  citi¬ 
zen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn  Park, 
Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  have 
invented  certain  new  and  useful  IMPROVEMENTS  IN  TELE¬ 
GRAPHY,  of  which  the  following  is  a  description:- 


My  invention  relates  to  improvements  in  telegraphy 
and  my  object  is  to  provide  an  arrangement  by  which  a 
neutral  relay  designed  to  be  operated  by  variations  in 
current  strength,  will  be  unaffected  by  reversals  of  cur¬ 
rent  in  the  circuit  in  which  the  relay  is  included.  Such 
a  situation  is  presented  in  connection  with  the  well-known 
quadruplex  telegraph  operating  either  on  the  bridge  or 
differential  principal.  With  such  an  apparatus  at  the 
receiving  station  and  in  circuit  with  the  line  and  with 
each  other  are  arranged  a  polarized  relay  responsive  to 
variations  in  current  strength.  One  of  the  defects  which 
Ids  always  existed  in  the  quadruplex  telegraph,  or  in  fact, 
in  any  other  system  in  which  a  neutral  relay  is  traversed 
by  a  reversed  current,  is  that  when  the  armature  of' the 
neutral  relay  is  attracted  by  the  full  current  strength  - 
and  a  reversal  of  the  current  takes  place,  the  armature 
momentarily  falls  away  from  the  front  stop  with  the  likeli¬ 
hood  of  producing  a  "kick"  or  false  signal  in  the  local 
sounder.  Numerous  suggestions  have  been  proposed  for  over¬ 
coming  this  defect,  such  as  arranging  the  neutral  relay  Vo 


-l-~ 


make  contact  on  the  hack  stop,  or  hy  arranging  an  auxili-  [ 
ary  magnet  which  co-operates  with  the  armature  of  the  neu-  j 
tral  relay  and  receives  a  momentary  charge  from  a  condenser  |j 
when  the  current  hy  the  change  of  polarity  ceaBes,  to  there-  l! 
hy  serve  to  bridge  over  the  interval  of  no  magnetism.  The  j; 

suggestions  which  have  been  made  for  overcoming  the  defect  \ 

mentioned  have  not,  however,  in  practice  and  on  lines  of 
considerable  length,  been  entirely  satisfactory,  since  in  jj 
reversing  the  current  through  the  neutral  relay  the  magnets  j 
thereof  when  the  current  ceases,  require  to  be  completely  jj 
discharged  before  they  can  be  built  up  by  the  succeeding  j 

impulse  of  opposite  .polarity,  and  during  this  interval  the  jj 

relay  armature  being  no  longer  attracted  is  free  to.be  j 

drawn  back  to  produce  a  false  signal.  By  my  invention,  I 
entirely  overcome  this  defect,  since  I  arrange  the  neutral 
relay  in  such  a  way  that  although  the  current  on  the ' line 
may  be  reversed,  the  current  passing  through  the  neutral 
relay  Yri.ll  be  always  of  the  same  polarity.  Although  the 
current  which  thus  traverses  the  neutral  relay  will  be 
.momentarily  'weakened  during  the  changes  of  polarity  on  the 
line,  yet,  since  the  polarity  of  the  magnets  of  the  neutral 
relay  is  never  changed,  there  is  no  interval  corresponding 
to  that  now  encountered  when  the  polarity  of  such  magnets 
is  changed, and  furthermore,  the  residual  magnetism  will 
materially  aid  in  maintaining  the  attraction  of- the  armature 
during  the  periods  in  which  the  current  is  momentarily 
weakened.  I  find  from  actual  experiments  with  the  apparatus 
that  there  appears  to  be  substantially  no  movement  of  the 


armature  of  the  neutral  relay  under  the  conditions  noted, 

when  the  current  through  the  same  is  reversed,  while  under  | 
U-L&L  Ij 

the  conditions, when  the  reversals  take  place  in  the  | 

relay  magnets,  the  movements,  of  the  armature  thereof  away  | 

from  the  front  stop  are  quite  perceptible.  In  carrying  \ 
the  invention  into  effect  I  combine  with  the  neutral  1 

relay  a  suitable  arrangement'  of  rectifiers  by  which^although 
the  current  on  the  line*  may  bo  reversed,  the  polarity  of 
the  current  influencing  the  neutral  relay  will  remain  un¬ 
changed,  as  I  will  more  fully  hereinafter  describe  and 
claim.  The  most  satisfactory  rectifier  for  the  purpose, 
both  as  to  economy  of  installation  and  certainly  of  opera¬ 
tion,  is  the  30-called  aluminum  rectifier,  employing  an 
aluminum  electrode  opposed  to  an  electrode  of  lead  ^plat¬ 
inum  in  a  suitable  electrolyte.  Such  a  rectifier, as  is 
well  knovm,  when  included  in  an  electric  circuit,  presents 
a  practically  perfect  insulation  to  currents  of  one  polari¬ 
ty  without  appreciably  resisting  currents  of  the  opposite  . 
polarity.  It  becomes  possible,  as  I  hereinafter  point  out, 
to  arrange  a  number  of  these  rectifiers  in  such  a  way  that 
currents  of  reversed  polarity  will  be  so  commutated  as  to 
pass  through  the  neutral  relay  always  in  the  same  direction. 

In  order  that  the  invention  may  be  better  under¬ 
stood  attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawings, 
in  which  - 

Figure  1 ,  is  q  diagram  of  I  the  well-known  form  of  . 

quadruplex  apparatus  at  one  end  of  the  line,  operatingon - 

the  principal  of  the  Wheatstone  bridge, -and  in  which  I-show . 


an  arrangement  by  which  the  neutral  relay  thereof  although 
in  circuit  with  the  polarized  relay  will  not  be  subjected 
to  the  reversals  of  current  which  control  the  polarized  re¬ 
lay,  and 

figure  2,  a  similar  view  of  a  corresponding  apparat¬ 
us  operating  on  the  differential  method  in  which  rectifiers 
are  employed  the  reversals  of  current  at  the 

neutral  relay. 

Referring  first .to  Figure  1,  most  of  the  elements 
are  so  well-known  as  to  require  no  more  than  a  very  general 
description.  A  pole  changer  l,is  controlled  by  a  magnet  2 
from  a  key  3,  in  a  local  circuit.  The  transmitter  4  ,  is 

controlled  by  a  magnet  5,  operated  by  a  key  6,  in  a  second 
is 

local  circuit.  The  battery  7,  8. /divided  into  unequal 
portions.  By  reason  of  the  connections  shown,  the  pole 
changer  1  sends  to  the  line  9,  reversals  of  current  from 
the  battery  7,  or  the  two  batteries  7,  8  in  combination, 
while  the  transmitter  4  cuts  the  battery  8  in  or  out  of 
line,  as  may  be  desired.  One  of  the  bridge  wires  10  leads 
to  the  line,  and  the  other  bridge  wire  to  ground  ,  as 
shown .  The  circuit  12,  which  completes  the  bridge,  includes 

the  polarized  relay  13,  .of  any  usual  construction,  which  - 

controls  the  ordinary  sounder  in  the  usual  way,  and  said . 

circuit  also  includes  a  neutral  relay  14  of  any  suitable 
character,  whose  armature  through  a  suitable  auxiliary  re¬ 
lay,  controls  a  second  sounder.  In  the  circuit  12,  is  also 
included,  four  rectifiers  15,  15''  and  16,16',  arranged  as 
shown ,  the  aluminum  electrodes  thereof  being  represented  as 


considerably  longer  than  the  lead  or  platinum  electrodes. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  circuit  after  passing  the 
polarized  relay  13  branches  and  leads  to  the  aluminum  elec¬ 
trode  of  the  rectifier)|-15  and  to  the  lead  of  platinum 
electrode  of  the  rectifier  16.  It  will  also  be  observed 
that  the  aluminum  electrode  of  the  rectifier  15'  and  the 
lead  or  platinum  electrode  of  the  rectifier  16'  are  connect-  ' 
ed  with  the  circuit  12 beyond-therputral  relay,  while  the 
connections  to  the  neutral  relay  are  between  the  rectifiers 
of  the  two  sets.  By  reason  of  this  construction,  it  will 
be  seen  that  if  the  current  flows  along  the  line  9  towards 
the  polarized  relay  13,  as  Indicated  by  the  arrow  A,  it  r 
will  encounter  the  aluminum  electrode  of  the  rectifier  15, 
which  will  act  practically  as  an  insulator,  so  that  all  the 
current. will  pass  through  the  rectifier  16.  This  current 
will  then  encounter  the  aluminum  electrode  of  the  rectifier. 
16',  which  will  oppose  it,  so  that  all  the  current  passes 
in  the  direction  of  the  arro w  through  the  neutral  relay  and 
thence  through  the  rectifier  15'  to  the  line  12.  If,  how¬ 
ever,  current  passes  in  the  opposite  direction,  as  shown 
by  the  arrow  B,  it  will  encounter  the  aluminum  electrode 
of  the  rectifier  15'.  and  consequently,  will  pass  through 
the  rectifier  16'  and  thence  through  the  polarized  relay  in 
the  same  direction  as  before,  thence  through  the  rectifier 
15  and  polarized  relay  to  the  line.  Thus,  it  will  be  seen 
that  although  the  current  is  reversed  on  the  line  so  as  to 

actuate  the  polarized  relay,  yet:  i  no  reversal  of  current  - 

takes  place  at  the  neutral  relay;.  Although  during-the  change- 

•of-  polarity,  the  current,  in.  the  ..neutral  relay  ..will  nanifest- . 

•*y  *>3  weakened,  this  effect  is  momentarily  much_shorter__ 

-5- 


than  the  interval  required  to  discharge  and  build  up  the  | 
magnetism  in  the  neutral  relay  if  the  current  vdtti  reverse  cL  \ 
through  the  same.  Furthermore,  as  I  have  before  pointed  ! 
out,  the  residual  magnetism  of  the  neutral  relay  tends 
materially  to  hold  its  armature  in  a  attracted  position 
during  the  momentary  periods  in  which  the  weakening  of  the 
current  takes  place. 

Referring  now  to  Figure  2,  I  here  illustrate  a 
quadruple*  apparatus  operating  on  the  differential  princi¬ 
pal  moat  of  the  parts  being  so  well  known  as  to  require 
only  a  very  general  description.  Here  there  is  a  pole 
changer  1,  operated  by  a  magnet  2,  controlled  by  a  key  3, 
in  a  local  circuit,  and  a  transmitter  4,  operated  by  a  mag¬ 
net  5,  controlled  by  a  key  6  in  a  second  local  circuit, 
and  a  battery  7,  8,  a3  with  the  arrangement  shown  in  Figure 
1.  From  the  neutral  connection  of  the  pole  changer  1,  a 
circuit  17  extends  to  one  of  the  differential  coils  18, 
of  the  differential  polarized  relay  19.  Thence,  the  circuit 
extends  through  four  rectifiers  20,  20' ,  and  21,  21',  as 
shown,  and  thence  to  the  line  9.  The  circuit  17  also  in¬ 
cludes  the  differential  coil  22  of  the  relay  19,  and  thence . 

extends  through  four  rectifiers  23,  23'  and  24,24'  ,  arranged 
as  shown ,  and  thence  to  the  artificial  line  25.  The  differ¬ 
ential  neutral  relay  26  1b  arranged  so  that  its  armature 
on  the  back  stop  will  control  an  auxiliary  relay  27,  which 

in  turn  controls  a  sounder  28  in  the  usual  way. The  main - 

line  coil  29  of-  the  -differential  relay  is- as  shown,-  connect- - 

ed  between  the  rectifiers  20,_20.'„  and.  rectiflers_21,.  21.'., _ 

coil  30  is  connected  between  the 
-6- 


rectifiers  23,23'  and  24,24'.  With  this  arrangement,  as 
with  Bigurs  1,  the  aluminum  electrodes  of  the  rectifiers 
are  illustrated  as  considerably  longer  than  the  lead  or 
platinum  electrodes  thereof.  In  operation,  assuming  the 
current  from  the  distant  station  to  be  flowing  on  the  line 
9,  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow  A,  it  will  be  opposed  by 
the  aluminum  electrode  of  the  rectifier  20'  and  will  there¬ 
fore  enter  the  rectifier  21',  and  being  opposed  by  the 
aluminum  electrode  of  the  rectifier  21,  will  flow  through 
the  main  line  coil  29  of  the  neutral  relay  in  ^direct  ion  • 
of  the  arrows/ passing  thence  through  the  rectifier  20  and 
the  main  line  coil  18  of  the  polarized  relay.  Assuming 
that  this  current  is  of  the  full  battery  strength,  the  . 
neutral  relay  will  therefore  be  operated,  while,  if  of 
the  proper  polarity  to  operate  the  polarized  relay,  the 
armature  of  the  latter  would  be  attracted.  If,  however,  the 
current  from  the  distant  station  is  reversed  and  flows  in 
the  direction  of  the  arrow  B,  it  will  be  opposed  by  the 
aluminum  electrode  of  the  rectifier  20,  and  hence  will  enter 
the  rectifier  21,  so  as  to  traverse  the  main  line  coil  29 
of  the  neutral  relay  in  the  same  direction  as  before,  and  . 
will  pass  to  the  line  9  through  the  rectifier  20'.  Hence, 
the  reversals  of  the  current  on  the  main  line  will  not 
affect  the  main  lino  coil  29  of  the  neutral  relay,  which, 
therefore,  will  never  be  reversed  as . to  its  polarity.  A 
current  from  the  home  station  flowing  in  the  directionof  . . 

the  arrow  B,  will  flow  equally  through  the  line  coil  18 
tw*  ' 

and  the  artifioial^coil  22  of  the  polarized  relay,  so  that 
said  coils  will  oppose  one  another,  in  the  usual  way.  The  . 


i 

f 

1 

_ .  ;  .4- 

current  from  the  main  line  coll  18  in  pausing. to. the  main  . 

line  9,  will  take  the  same  direction  as  before  in  passing 

through  the  main  line  coil  29  of  the  neutral  relay.  That 

part  of  the  current  which  traverses  the  artificial  line  • 

coll  22  of  the  polarized  relay  will  enter  the  rectifier  23 

and  proceed  thence  to  the  artificial  line  coil  30  of  the 

neutral  relay,  thereby  opposing  the  coil -29  so  as  not  to  - 

effect  the  neutral  relay,  and  thence  through  the. rectifier _ 

24*  to  the  artificial  line  25.  When  the  current  at  the 

home  station  is  reversed,^  reason  of  the  rectifiers  ar- 

ranged  as  shown/  no  reversal  takes  place  at  the  neutral 

relay,  and  consequently,  the  objection  now  encountered/^ 

- : 

"•  of  the  armaturebeing  withdrawn  when  the  current  is  reversed 

.__on~  the -main-  line-will-be- overcome.  It--wi-ll- be -understood- - 

; _ of  course, that  the  arrangements  1  have  above  described  are  . . 

merely  illustrative  of  my  invention,  and  that  suitable 

modifications  thereof  will  be  raado  in  applying  the  inven- 

tion  in  other  connections  andoin  other  arts. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 

as  new  and  desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent,  is  as  fol- 

lows : - 

1.  The  combination  with  a  circuit,  and  means  for 

;  impressing  thereon  currents  of  varying  strength^  and  of 

reversed  polarity,  of  a  neutral  relay  and  a  series,  of 

!  rectifiers  between'  the  said  relay,  and  said  circuit/and 

so  disposed  as  to  commutate  said  currents,  whereby  they  / 

r — will_always— influence— the— re-lay— i-n—the-same-d-i-rect-ion-; - — 

i  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  sot  f*n-rt/h , 

-a- 

.. 

1  ■  . 

l  '  ■  r 

■  ) 

:l  I 

2-  combination  with  a  circuit,  and  means  for 

impressing  thereon  currents  of  varying  strength  and  of 
reversed  polarity,  of  a  neutral  relay  and  a  series  of 
aluminum  rectifiers  between  the  said  relay  and  said  cir¬ 
cuit/  and  so  disposed  as  to  commutate  said  currents,  where- 
!  they  will  always  influence  the  relay  in  the  same  direc¬ 
tion,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set'forth. - 

3.  The  combination  with  a  neutral  relay  arranged 
to  make  contact  on  its  back  stop,  of  a  series  of  rectifiers 
in  "circuit  therewith^/  and  so  arranged  as  tb'  cbmhu'tate 

stantially  as  set  forth. 

^ke  combination  with  a- neutral  relay,-  -arranged -to—  — — 
make  contact  on  its  back  ston  nr  □  .omi Qa 

,  • — - ----- uai/A-  serieB  or.. aluminum 

: _ rectifiers  in  circuit  therewith/^  and  so  arranged  as  to 

|  commutate  currents  of  reversed  polarity,  whereby  such  cur- 

rents  will  influence  the  relay  always  in  the  same  direc- 

tibri,  substantially  as  Bet  forth. 

5.  The  combination  with  four  rectifiers/  arranged 

in  palrs(wlth  the  rectifiers  of  each  pair  oppositely  dis- 

posed,  oi  a  neutral  relay  connected  between  the  rectifiers 

of  each  pair,  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

6.  The  combination  with!  f  ottr ... aluminum  rectifiers, 

arranged  in  pairs  with  the  rectifiers  of  each  pair  oppo- 

si-te-ly-dispo.sed,  .of  a  neutral  reiair-cbnhectea'betweeirthe 

-  rectifiera-of-each-pai-r,-- aH-and— for-the-purpoBeB— set-forthT - 1 

-9- 

.  .  , 

7.  In  a  telegraph  apparatus,  the  combination  with  - 

the  main  line,  a  polarized  relay,  a. neutral  relay,  and . 

means  for  impressing  upon  the  main  line  currents  of  vary¬ 
ing  strengths  and  of  reversed  polarity,  of  means  for  com¬ 
mutating  the  currents  at  the  neutral  relay,  whereby  the 
current^  will  always  influence  said  relay  in  the  same  di¬ 
rection,  "Substantially '"as "and" for "the" "purposes'  set  forth.  . 

•  8.  In  a  telegraph  apparatus,  the  combination  with 
the  main  line,  a  polarized  relay,  a  neutral  relay  and 
means  for  impresslng"'upoh_tHe^ "main "lXnFT^rent'B^W'valy- 
ing  strengths-  and  of-  reversed  polarity^-of  a'  series  -of - 

rectifiers  coroperating,  with-the  . neutral  -relay -and-  so-ar-— — 

ranged  that  any  currents  influencing  the  same  will  alwayB _ 

flov/  in  the  same  direction^ irrespective  of  their  direction 
on  the  main  line,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes 


set  forth. 

9.  In  a  quadruplex  telegraph  system,  the  combine- 

tion  with  the  main  line,  a  bridge  and  means  for  impressing 

upon  the  main  line  currents  of  varying  strength  and  reversed 

polarity,  of  a  polarized  relay  connected  across  the  bridge, 

— a  neutral  relay  having  connections.between  each  set  of 

rectifiers,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  Bet  forth. 

lp  Ina<iu  d 

— £i.on_with_the_ma.in_llne.,:La__bridge_ancl_means-fo  r—  imp  res  sing 
upon  the  main  line  currents  of  varying  strength  and  reversed 

polarity,  of  a  polarized  relay  connected  across  the  bridge^ 

four  aluminum  rectifiers  in  said  connection  arranged  in 

two  setB,  and  a  neutral  relay  having  connections  between  1 

|  •  -10- 

each  set  -of  rectifiers,  substantially  sb  and  for  the 

purposes  set  forth. 

u:  ;  .  . - . - . . 

m* . . . - . . . - . — - — . 

- - 1 

•  : 

Folio  No.  351 


Serial  No  .<^'03  Oc/f  $ 


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FRANK  L.  DYER,  ;,  ' 

Counsel,  •'  ji  L 

ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY.  .  •  ';  ^ 


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[FROM  HENRY  LANAHAN] 


Hovember  16,  1916 

Mr,  Hoadoworoft:- 

Ho  application  of  fhomas  A.  Edison  for  Filaments  for  In- 
oandesoent  lamps,  filed  Hov.  20,  1907,  Serial  Ho, 
403,043 


Mr,  Edison  has  instructed  me  to  offer  the  above  appli¬ 
cation  to  the  General  Electrio  Company  on  condition  that  they 
shall  assume  all  further  expenses  in  its  prosecution  and  pay  the 
final  fee,  She  application  contains  the  following  claims 


1.  A  filament  for  inoandesoent  lamps,  containing 
an  aggregate  of  small  leaflets  of  natural  crystallized  flake 
graphite,  substantially  as  described. 

2,  A  filament  for  incandescent  lamps,  comprising 
an  aggregate  of  suitable  binding  material  and  small  leaflets 
of  natural  crystallized  flake  graphite,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed.  * 


3,  A  filament  for  incandescent  lamps,  comprising 
aluminum  oxid  and  small  particles  of  natural  flake  graphite, 
substantially  as  described. 


4.  A  filament  for  incandescent  lamps,  comprising 
an  aggregate  of  aluminum  oxid  ana  small  leaflets  of  natural 
flake  graphite,  substantially  as  described. 


6.  She  process  of  making  filaments  for  inoandesoent 
lamps,  which  consists  in  mixing  a  binder  of  aluminum  acetate 
with  a  mass  of  cleaned  natural  flake  graphite  in  the  form  of 
extremely  small  leaflets,  forming  this  mixture  into  filaments 
and  baking  the  filaments  so  formed,  ana  thereby  driving  off 
acetic  acid  from  the  acetate  of  aluminum,  substantially  as 

ddsarthAfl- 


6.  She  prooess  of  making  filaments  for  incandescent 
lamps,  which  consists  in  grinding  cleaned  natural  crystallized 
graphite  in  the  presence  of  a  sticky  material  so  as  to  separate 
the  individual  leaves  or  laminae,  washing  out  the  sticky  mater- 
i?1,  ?i?ins'  th?  finely  divided  graphite  with  a  binder,  forming 
the  mixture  into  filaments  and  finally  baking  the  filaments, 
substantially  as  described. 


7.  The  process  of  making  filaments  for  inoandesoent 
lamps,  which  consists  in  mixing  a  hinder  with  a  mass  of  cleaned 
natural  crystallized  flake  graphite  in  the  form  of  extremely 
small  leaflets,  forming  this  mixture  into  filaments  and  baking 
the  filaments  so  formed,  substantially  as  described. 

8.  The  process  of  making  filaments  for  incandescent 
lamps,  which  consists  in  grinding  cleaned,  natural,  crystallized 
graphite  in  the  presence  of  a  sticky  material  so  as  to  separate 
the  flakes  of  graphite  into  their  individual  leaves  or  laminae, 
washing  out  the  sticky  material,  separating  out  the  finer  and 
lighter  particles  of  flake  graphite,  mixing  the  finer  and  light¬ 
er  particles  separated  out  with  a  binder,  forming  the  mixtxire 
into  filaments,  and  finally  baking  the  filaments,  substantiallv 
as  described. 


Claims  0  and  4  have  been  allowed. 

Claims  1,  2,  6,  6,  7  and  8  were  finally  rejected  December 
26,  1914.  The  principal  references  are  as  follows 


British  patent  Ho.  1122  of  1879 
Edison  patent  Ho.  263,146,  August  22,  1882 
Erom  patent  Ho.  780,297,  January  17,  1906 
Acheson  patent  Ho.  876,881,  January  7,  1908 
British  patent  10,816  of  1899. 


If  the  General  Electric  Company  wants  this  application, 
Mr,  Edison  will  assign  the  same  to  it,  and  the  General  Eleotrie 
Company  nay  then  cancel  the  rejected  claims  ana  take  out  the  pat¬ 
ent  with  the  olaims  allowed,  or,  if  it  thinks  proper,  take  an 
appeal  on  the  rejected  olaims. 

The  application  formerly  contained  the  following  olaim:- 


7.  The  process  of  preparing  graphite  for  use  in  the 
manufacture  of  inoandeBeent  lamp  filaments,  which  consists  in 
removing  silicates,  iron  and  other  impurities  by  treating  the 
graphite  with  heated  oaustio  alkali  and  hydroohlorio  acid  and 
washing  it,  grinding  in  the  presence  of  a  atioky  material,  and 
then  washing  out  the  latter,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


-3- 

Ihis  claim  was  canceled  in  response  to  a  requirement  of  ai -vision 
ty  the  office,  and  may  be  made  the  subject  matter  of  a  divisional 
ease  if  the  General  Electric  Company  desires  to  do  so. 

I  am  sending  yon  an.  extra  copy  of  this  memorandum  in 
order  that  you  may  send  it  to  Mr.  Morrison  with  your  letter 
offering  the  application  to  the  General  Electric  Company. 

Inasmuch  as  whatever  action  is  to  be  taken  must  be 
taken  prior  to  the  26th  of  December,  it  is  desirable  that  this 
matter  should  be  attended  to  promptly. 


HIi- JS 


IJovember  29,  1915 


Albert  S,  Davis,  Esq,, 

Patent  Department, 

General  Electric  Company, 

Schenectady,  Hey?  York. 

Dear  Sir:- 

HK  APP1IC API  Oil  OP  THOMAS  A.  EDIS0I1  FOR  FILMS 
FOR  IIICjUJDESOExIP  LAMPS ,  SERIAL  HO.  405,045 

In  accordance  with  your  letter  of  Hovember  27th 
to  Mr.  Meador, croft,  I  am  sending  you  under  separate  cover 
the  file  of  the  above  entitled  application  and  also  copies 
of  the  references  cited  therein.  Will  you  kindly  acknow¬ 
ledge  receipt  of  these  papers.  We  should  also  be  inter¬ 
ested  to  learn  what  action  you  decide  to  take  in  the  case. 
Very  truly  yours. 


HL-J3 


GENERAL  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 
PATENT  DEPARTMENT 


Mr.  Henry  lanahan. 

Orange,  H.  J. 

Dear  3ir:- 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  Davie,  I  acknowledge  reoeipt  of 
your  letter  of  Hovember  29th  enolosing  file  of  Mr.  Edison's  appli- 
oation  for  Films  for  Inoanaeeoent  Damps,  Serial  Ho.  403,043.  These 
papers  Kill  be  oalled  to  Mr.  Davis’  attention  as  soon  as  he  returns 
and  I  am  sure  he  sill  be  glad  to  see  that  you  are  kept  advised  of 
our  aotion  in  oonnection  with  this  application. 


BBH/MT 


Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 

BALES  OFFIOE8 

Telegraph,  Freight  and  Passenger  Station.  NEW  VILLAGE,  N.  J.  new  York  ”!?’  y*”  St'jame* 

P.  O.  address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J. 


Dec.  5,  1907. 


Mr.  Prank  L.  Dyer, 

Edison  Laboratory, 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey. 

Dear  Sir: 

Replying  to  your  letter  of  November  22nd,  so 
far  we  have  not  made  any  permanent  drawings  of  the  paddle 
wheel,  but  have  built  our  experimental  ones  from  sketches. 
Enclosed  you  will  find  sketch  which  I  think  will  answer 
your  purpose. 

If  there  is  any  further  information  you  wish, 
please  advise  me . 

Yours  very  truly, 


WHM-CEM 

(enc) 


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ij  -  SEEniEIOATIOU  - 

- 1 . 

j.  TO  ALL  WHOM.  IT.  .MAY  .CONCERN: _ _ 

. KB  I®  TOTOV/1T,  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a  citizen 

:  of  the  United.  States  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn  Pari:, 

- . - . i 

Orange ,  in  the  County  of  Essex,  and  State  of  Hew  Jersey, 

:  have  invented-  certain  new  and  useful  improvements  in 

:  MOTION. AND  SOUNDS,-  of  which  the -following  is  a  description-:  - . - 

1  In. the  representation. of  animate  motion  hy 

;..  means  0f  moving  pictures,  much  of  the  effect  of  the  ori- 

i  Sinai  portrayal  is  lost  hy  reason  of  the  fact  that  the 

. : . j 

!  scenes  are  represented  in  pantomime  merely,  without  the 

sound  which  accompanied  them  when  originally  produced.  Eor ~ . 

this  reason  the  choice  of  subjects  for  representation  by" 

i  means  of  moving-  pictures  is  -limited  as  only  such  -subjects- — ; - 

. . 

j_  accompanied  by_very  little  sound;  scenes  in  which  sound 
!  plays  a  prominent  part  being  incapable  of  adequate  repreSen- 

!  tation  to  an  audience  by  the  mere  pantomime  exhibition  of 

j  moving  pictures.  Likewise,  the  choice  of  subjects  to  be 

- 

recorded  and  later  reproduced  by  the  phonograph  alone  is 
-  practically  restricted  to  acts-and-scenes-whi-ch  are  accom- - 

r  -panied-hy- lit,tle-or— no-moti  on. — -The-adequate-portrayal-of-- 

_ the. great  majority  of  acts  and  scenes  in  which  both  action  . 

and  sound  are  present,  as  for  example,  the  popular  "song  and 

dance"  act,  or  the  delivery  of  a  public  speech  by  a  speaker 

who  talks  and  moves  about  and  makes  gestures  at  the  same 

time,  cannot  be  accomplished  by  either  the  moving  picture 

“ machine-erlone-oT-  by~the--phcnosraph'  alone",  ~  brrtr-orrly — ; - - - 

.....  i.  .  . 

— r ■  '  :  ,  :  . ^ 

toy  the  simultaneous  use  of  tooth  of  these  machines. 

In  order  to  simultaneously  make  a  moving  .picture 
negative  and  phonograph  record  of  an  act  or  scene  during 
its  performance,  the  camera  must  toe  placed  at  a  distance  ' 
equal  to'  substantially  its'  normal  focusing  distance' from  ~  "  ' 
the  scene,  as  -will- toe-  understood,  and  the  recordings  phono  -  - 

. graph  must  toe  placed  in  .the.  immediate_.neighborhood.  of.  the. 

Beene  toeing  performed  so  that  the  sound  may  toe  readily 
collected  and  conducted  to  the  recording  device,  likewise 
to  secure  the  realistic  reproduction  of  a  scene  or  act  toy 
means -of  tooth  the  moving  picture  machine  and  the  phonograph, 

the  sounds  must  appear  to  emanate  from  the  screen  upon . .  - . 

which  the  moving  picture  is  toeing-  exhibited  and  for  this  -  - 

reason  the  phonograph  must  toe  placed  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  screen  -  usually  behind  it  -  so  that  tooth  in  malting 
the  original  record  and  negative  and  in  reproducing  the 
act  or  scene,  the  two  machines  are  separated  toy  a  consider¬ 
able  distance,  substantially  equal  to  the  normal  focusing  " 
distance  of  the  camera  or  projecting  machine. - - 

As  each  movement  portrayed-  upon  the  screen  must-toe- . - 

accompanied  toy  ..the  .sound  originally,  produced  simultaneously _ 

therewith,  it  is  necessary  that  at  some  time,  either  at  the 
beginning  of  the  operation  of  the  picture  machine  and  phono¬ 
graph,  or  shortly  thereafter,  the  two  machines  shall  toe 
made  . to  reproduce  movements  and  sounds  which  ~were” oTiginally 

pro"duc'ed“at~tHe  same  instant^, '“and~t'tois-toame~i'deh^t'ical“re^ — - 

-lat  ion -must-  -toe~maintained-  throughout--the— entire- reproduc— - 

-tion_of-.the_performance_toy  -the_two-.machines.__It-has..-toeen__ _ 

proposed  heretofore  to  synchronize  the  operation  of  the 
picture  machine  and  the  phonograph  toy  actuating  these 
machines  toy  means  of  synchronized  electric  motors,  tout  such 


!  devices  are  uncertain  in  operation  and,  likely  to  get  out _ 

of  order,  are  extremely  expensive  and  have  not  been  found  to 

1  produce  practical  results. 

•••• . . — . -i 

The  object  of  the  present  invention  is  to  pro¬ 
vide  a  novel  process  and  apparatus  for  making  simultaneous- ~  7 

ply  a*  moving  picture 'negative  and  ~a  phonographic 'record'  of  "  ~~ — 7 

r  sound -,-produoing  obje  cts -in  -mot-ion  and-thereaf-ter  -s-islu-ltan— - 

j_.eo.usly.  reproducing,  the  sounds  recorded  by  the.  phonograph _ _ .. . 

and  exhibiting  the  object  in  motion  by  means  of  moving  pict¬ 
ures,  the  apparatus  which  I  have  devised  for  this  purpose 

!  being  simple  and  inexpensive  to  manufacture  and  certain  and 

1  reliable  in  its  operation. 

In  a  device .constructed  and  operated  in  accordance 

■  with  my  invention,  a -simple^  mechanical  form- of -driving - - - 

mechanism  is  provided. to  drive,  both  the  phonograph  and . . . 

the  novingpicture  camera  or  projecting  machine  ,  accord- 

j  ing  as  the  device  is  to  be  used  for  recording  or  repr.o- 

|  ducing  acts  and  scenes.  The  form  of  drive  which  I  have 

—  -  — 

!  found  best  adapted  for  this  purpose  comprises  a  long 

;  shaft  whose  length  is  substantially  equal  to  the  distance 

;  between  the  two  -machines  and'  which-may-be -arranged- in~any — ' - 

!- convenient  location,,  as  ..for.,  example, beneath  the  floor  of 

the  room,  the  phonograph  being  driven  from  one  end  of  this 

shaft  and  the  moving  picture  camera  or  projecting  machine 

from  the  other.  If .  the  location  of  the  device  is  such  that 

a  single., straight  shaft  cannot  be  used,  shorter  shafts 

geared  together  by  bevel  or  other  gears  or  connected  to- 

gether-by-universal- j  oints- may  be  U3ed, -as  will  be  'under- 

. stood. — The_shaft_may-  be— driven  -£roin_any_convenient-  source _ 

of  power,  as  for  example,  from  an  electric  motor. 

3.  •,  j 

1 - : - ; - - ...  . .  .1 

In  accordance  with  my  invention,  either  in  making 
'.the  original  record  and  negative,  or  in  the  reproduction 
i of  the  scone  or  act,  either  the  phonograph  or  else  the 
moving  picture  camera  or  projecting  machine,  as  the  case 

; may' he,  is  first  set' into 'operation  arid  the  remaining' . r: 

machine  is-  automatically-set  into  operation  therefrom. -  I 
• ;  .prefer,  -and-  have  here  illustrated  the  ..moving.. picture  .camera. ... 
; or  projecting  machine  as  being  started  from  the  phonograph. 

I  consider  this  the  preferable  arrangement  because  the 
intermittently  operating  mechanism  of  the  moving  picture 
.  camera  or  projecting  machine  is  practically  without  mass 
i  arid  may  be  started  or  stopped  substantiaL  ly  iristaritahedusTy. 
-With  this  arrangement  I-  preferably  provide  means  whereby—-— 


1. when  the  recording  or.  reproducing  .stylus,  of.  the  phonograph... 
has  been  carried  by  the  carriage  moving  transversely  of 
the  phonograph  record,  to  a  determinate  distance  from  the 


|  end  of  the  phonograph 


scord  cylinder,  the  moving  pictu: 


camera  or  projecting  machine  will  be  automatically  set 
i  into  operation^^rie  mechanism  'fbf'this'purpb^^iir'here^'') 
after  be  "fully  described^y^TheoperationofVV-^-n  nnrhnns; — 

i  — - - - - - JSS <*!  Hu  *JU 

|-4ss3=y.s  independent  of±J*@  position  which  -the- record  cylin-  _ 
der.may  occupy  on _the  phonograph  mandrel.  I  also  pro- 

vide  means  whereby  the  angular  prrw-r‘fe-Tnn  nf  t.lia  ■Tr.’it.i'm'P. 
TJCt.- 


•j  In -order- that.. my  invention  nay  .be.  aore  -clearly - 

:L  understood,  I  haye  shown  in  the  accompanying  drawings 
;  apparatus  by  which  my  improved  process  may  he  carried 
j  into  effect..  In  the  figures  of  the  drawing,  wherein 
■  the  sane  reference  numerals  are  used  uniformly  to  des- 
j  ignate  the  same  parts  throughout 7  Figure ~1~  is"' "a" "view, 

'I  partly  in  longitudinal ^cross-section, ' of  an  apparatus  _ 

•••  for  simultaneously  malting  -a-  moving.,  pi.t-ure -negative  -and  a- 

Phonograph  record; . Figure  2  is  .a.  view similar  to  Figure  1 

hut  showing  a  moving  picture  projecting  machine  and  a  re¬ 
producing  phonograph  instead  of  a  movingjpicture  camera  and 
:  a  recording  phonograph  respectively,  .  Figure  3  is  a 
■  i  diagrammatic  view  of  one  form'  of  means  for  "setting  ohe~of" 

i!  the  machines  into’  operation 'from' the  other,  the  moving . 

|  picture  camera-  or  -projecting  machine  being  here  shown . 

.  as  . set  in  operation  from.  the_. phonograph,;  and.  Figures 
4  and  5  are  detail  sectional  views  of  portions  of  the 
;j  movipg  picture  camera  or  projecting  machine  and  the  phono- 
!  graph  respectively. 

|  Referring  to  Figure  i  of  the  drawings,  a  recording 

"  phonograph' i's  "shown  at  1  "aha"'a'moving  picture  camera"  at 
-  2.  — •  The  phonograph  is- situated-  in -the  immediate-neighbor-- 

_ho.od.  j)f__t.he._st.ag.e._3.,_.pre.fe.rahly_hehinLand_aho.vja_it... _ -Tim. 

mediately  above  the  stage  is  provided  a  funnel  4  v'ich  col¬ 
lects  the  sound  and  conducts  it  into  the  receiving  horn  5 
of  the  phonograph.  Other  means  for  collecting  the  sound 
and  conducting  it  to  the.  phonograph  may  of  course  ^be  "us e^d. 

Th-e~Stage~3-i'S~ fllufifinafed" f  f6m-a-s"ourh"ir  of-rigKt“6T - A 

-1  o ng—  dr -i-v e  -  shaft  -7— is-used— to-drive  -both— the  camera  and - - 

_.the„phonograph_ancLl.t__ext_ends_from_the_neighh.orlio.od_of__the_. 

;  -  -  •  '  — ;  5---.-— - -T— - “7.-- — — 


phonograph  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  moving  picture  camera, 
and  may  he  placed  in  .any  convenient  position,  as  for  example, 
iiii  the  construction  shown,  in  the  drawing,  it  is  placed 
beneath  the  floor  of  the  room.  This  shaft  is  mounted 

in'  hearing's  at  either  end  and  in  order  to  give"  it  rigidity . 

-and  at -the -same  time- make  it -as -light- as  possible ,  it  -  -  - - 

may  be  pr  ovided  with.  a~nuraber  of  -  stays  -8  -which  are  se - - - - 

cured  to  the  shaft  near  its  ends  and  are  held  apart 
near  the  middle  of  the  shaft  hy  a  plate  or  frame  work 

9.  Any  form  of  light  rigid  shaft  may  he  used,  however.  «-»  (r~ 

/,*£***  lu  .  zyt.bn/  eutj  6  - . 

The  shaft  7  is  driven  from  any  convenient  source  of  power,  ''SH 

as  "for  example ,  an  electric  motor  10.  One  end  oF  the ' 


shaft -7-  is  connected  up  to  drive  the  "moving  picture  camera  " 

or  .projecting  machine  and  the  other  end  the  phonograph. . - . 

•The  power  is  preferably  transmitted. from  the  shaft  through 
sprocket  chains  and  sprocket  wheels,  so  that  all  possibil¬ 
ity  of  slip  may  he  obviated,  although  it 'is  obvious  that 
Pulleys  or  gears  might,  be  used.  The  proportions  of 
the  power  transmitting  devices  are  ouch  that  the  moving 

XULXiiEEE  EJCSEXS  M  ■  pr.rr  jrrKrfcVrig-  tlrirtr-m 


ing  picture-  camera  -or- projecting-machine-and-  the  phonograph  - 
is  each  operated. at  its  own  proper  speed. . In.trane- . . 


preferably  provided  so  that  the  phonograph  may  be  placed 

in  slightly  different  positions  as  shown  in  figures  1  and 

2.  " .  '  -  - 1 

Ref erring-now-ij-o-fi-gure.  2^~12  represents  a  repr o'- - : 

-ducing-phonograph-and  -13  a-moving -picture-projecting— - - - 

machine.  The  driving  apnaratus  for  these  two 

is  the  same  or-  precisely  like  that  usecLf  <jr.  there  cording 

phonograph  and  the  moving  picture  camera,  so  that  when  :  1 

i  the  two  machines  have  once  been-gotten-to -working -in—  - — 

;  unison  they  will  c.ontinue._to_.operate.  in  unison  and.  the . 

j  sounds  and  motions  v/ill  be  reproduced  simultaneously 
i  as  tiles’-  were  originally  produced. 

. - . 

The  mechanism  for  automatically  setting  the  moving 
i  picture  camera  into  .operation  from  the  recording  phonograph 
!  and  for  setting  the  moving  picture  pro jectingmachine 

;  into -operation  from  the  reproducing  -phonograph, is  shown  — . . - 

-  in  figure.  3 . In..this  ..view  14  represents  the.. phonograph _ . . 

:  the  carriage  which  is  movable  transversely 

|  of  the  phonograph  mandrel  and  the  cylindrical  blank  or 
|  record  thereon,  under  the  control  of  the  rotating  feed 

•  - . ' . 

|  screw  16.  These  parts  are  of  ordinary  construction.  The 

‘  carriage  15  carries  a  recorder when"  the- instrument"  is  used 
.  c*. 

for  recording-  and  the^reproducer  when  it  is  to-  be  used  f or ' ~  '  ~ 

■  .reproducing,,  as.  will  be  .  understood. _ Hear.,  the  -larger -end- _ _ 

:  of  the  mandrel  14  and  adjustably  secured  thereto  by  means 
j  of  a  screw  17  is  a  small  bracket  18  provided  with  a  longi- 

;  tudinal  slot  19  through  which  the  screw  17  is  passed.  The 

:  en<*  of  this  bracket  next  to  the  record  or  clank  cylinder 

— - i 

;  is  formed  with  a  sharp  edge  20  and  an  upv/ard  projection  21 £ 

:  Secured  to  the  -carriage  157and“insulated- therefrom',  " is_a" . - ~ 

-contact  . .piece.  22. - This  . contact  piece  .-may  be  -made- of—  l-ight— - 

metal  so  that  it  may  be  easily  adjusted  by  bendinp;  or 

other  means  for  adjusting  it  may  be  provided.  The  branches 

of  an  electric  circuit  23  are  connected  respect ively  to 

the  mandrel  14  and  the  contact  piece  22,  so  that  when  the 

contact"  piece  22  strikes  the  extension  21  of  the  bracket 

-187-the  -circuit-wi-li- be— closed.-.- — -This  -circuit— includes  “the - 

_____  | 

net  25  is  carried  upon  a  lever  27  here  shown  as  a  bell- 

..  .  .  '  7'i  .  ■  ■  ...  ;  '  . 

ii.electric  circuit  is  closed  as-. above  .described,  to.  set  into  ... 

operation  the  moving  picture  camera  or  projecting  machine, 

. - . ; 

i  a  sectional  plan  view  of  which  is  shown  in  Figure  4.  28 

j  indicates  a  gear  wheels  connected.  toA  a  preferably  conti-nu- 

!  29,  which  operates  to  continuously  rotate  a  disk  30  carry- 

•inga-friction  member  such  as  a- friction  disk  31.  Eie  fric- . . 

tion  disk  31  .bears .  against  the .  actuating  disk  or.  pin  wheel  .  . . 

'•  32  wh'ich  when  rotated  actuates  the  intermittent  feed  de- 

;  vice  of  the  moving  picture  camera  or  projecting  machine. 

9^  tU.  2.  ~i  W . - . — 

[  The  disk  32  is  normally  held  from  rotatibn  by  a  hook  33A 

■  engaging  a  pin  34  on  the  said  disked-. 

i . Y/hen  the  circuit  23  is  closed' by  the  contact  pieces . 

:  21  and  22, the  magnet  25  being  energized^ the  hook -33-  is . 

!  drawn  away  from.in  .front...  of_  the  pin.  .34,..  and  ...the  .  intermit- . . 

i  tent  feed  device  of  the  camera  or  projecting  machine  is 

i  permitted  to  rotate  under  the  control  of  the  friction  mem¬ 

ber  31.  A  pawl  35  holds  the  lever  27  retracted  when  once 

drawn  back  by  the  magnet ,25. 

The  operation  of  the  devices  which  have  been  described 

— - - - j 

or.  scene  .is  to.  be.re.corded  .upon.. the  phonograph  or  photo- 

graphed  by. the  moving  picture  camera,  a  record  blank  is 

placed  upon  the  tapering  mandrel  14  of  the  phonograph  and 

pushed  thereon  until  it  binds.  The  bracket  18  is  then 

pushed  against  the  end  of  the  redord  blank  and  secured  in 

place  by  means  of  “the  screw  17,  the  sharp  edge  20  making  a 

8. 

ipusly 


f\AAj*LL-d  a*Ha. 


marked -portion  thereof  opposite  the  light  aperture.  -  -The  — 
stage  is  now  .illumi.natsd.  and  .when  the  .  perf  ormers,  are... ready. . 
to  begin  the  performance  the  electric  motor  10  is  set  into 
operation1 and  the  phonograph  is  driven  thereby.  As  the 


lograph  is  operated  th< 


intact  piece  22  is  moved  trans- 


\  versely  of  the  mandrel  and  record  blank  by  means  of'  the 
I  carriage  T5  " and  comes  Int'd~co’nt"adt'  v/i'th  the'  pfcjectidn'  21 
i  and  the  circuit  23  being  thus  closed  the  - camera  is  auto- - 


anisra  already.;  de.-_.... 

TT  <Ct  /c Z-u  - 


f  In  order  to  reproduce  the  scenes  and  movements 

;  thus  recorded  a®*!  photographed,  a  positive  film  is  me.de 
from  the  negative  film  by  a  direct  printing  process  so  that 
it  -is  an  exact  duplicate  thereof,  and  this  positive  film  is 
"placed  in  a  projecting -machine -which-  is  substituted -for  -  — 
|-  the -moving  picture,  camera.,  with  ..the  same  palrit  of ..the.  film- 

opposite  the  projecting  aperture  as  vms  opposite  the 
d*/**-^*  t  Cuio.^'Ki- 

exposure  aperture  when  theA picture, was  "CaKea.  A  duplicat 
record  made  from  the  original  master  record  is  placed  on 
a  reproducing  phonograph  which  is  substituted  for  the  re- 


|  cording "phoiibgraph  i'n”use  during" the  original  production 
-  |  -  of  the  act  -  or  scene  p  and -the -bracket -1-8-upon- this  -phno--  — 

-t  -graph-is  .  secured,  against  ._the...end_Qf_the..record  _by_means_o£— 
_ |  the  screw  17,  the  record  having  been  turned  to  the  same 
'I  angular  position  upon  the  .mandrel  as  was  occupied  by  the 
|!  master  record.  The  original  record  may  be  used  for  repro- 

ij  duction  upon  the  phonograph,  in-  which  case  a.  phonograph 
!  witif7a~feed~ screw  having  pre"cis"elyrrthe  same  pit"cirTs~ffiat~~ 
il— on-the-originarl— recordi-ng-phonograph-wiil— be-.usedT— i-f-j - - 


I  . 

however,  a  duplicate  record,  made  by  the  usual  molding  pro¬ 
cess  is  used  for  reproduction, ( since  the  material  from 
which  ties  madnracg3:  ihrma  Kidrch  such  duplicate  molded  records 
are  made,  shrinks  somewhat  during  the  process  of  cooling, 
and  the  record  is  therefore  somewhat  shorter  than  the' 
original  master  record;  )  a  phonograph  is  used  having  a- feed¬ 
screw  of-  somewhat  -smaller  pitch  than  that .  of-  -.the  phonograph 

used  for  recording. . Such  records  shrink  symmetrically _ 

throughout  their  length  and  the  amount  of  such  shrinkage  is 
definitely  known  and  may  be  accurately  compensated  by  a 

i  change  in  the  pitch  of  the  feed  screw  as  above  indicated. 

The  machines  having  been"  thus  arranged,  the  phonograph 


j 

1  l 

!  is  set  into- operation  by  (starting  the  motor  10  and  v/hen  ‘  - 

the  contact  pieces  21  pnd  22  strike  against  one  another  . - 

the  .moving,  picture  projecting  machine. will  be.  set.intp  .. 

operation  when  the  reproducing  stylus  of  the  phonograph 

has  reached  a  point  on  the  record  corresponding  precisely 

with  the  point  on  the  positive  film  at  which  the  latter 

!  is  set  into  motion^.  The  two  machines  having  been  set 

: - - - -  < 

:  into  operat  ion  in 'the  desired  "relation  and~drlven  by  driv- - 

formance. of  .the  original  act  .or .scene,  this  desired_identi= _ 

j  cal  relation  will  continue  throughout  the  reproduction  of 

j  the  act  or  scene.  Portions  of  the  film  corresponding  to 

j  the  successive  phonograph  records  may  be  j'oined  together  by 

- — - 

blank  pieces  of  film,  and  as  soon  as  the  display  of  one 

!  ~7u  cir  section  has  heeff“comple"ted7~the_lever"'27  may  be  r'e- 

loased-from-  -the— pawl-:35-j  -when— the— mov-i-ng— picture— mach-ine - - - - — 

will,  come  to _ a _ sto-p.  .  The  record  cylinder  upon  the.....phon o — 

graph  may  how  be  replaced  by  the  record . cylinder  oorres- 

ponding  to  the  succeeding  portion  of  film,  and  the  new 

section  of  film  properly  positioned  upon  the  pro - 
10.. 

!  jesting  machine,.  the  braclcet_18  properly.  ac'j:usted  and, 


/for  t m 

T/(aJU  JtAi  CU^JlA. 


U.  .  ;soon  the  contact  .piece  22  strikes  the  contact  piece 
7T1  !21  the  projecting  Machine  will  again  be  set  into  opera- 
'~'c  jtion,  and  the  performance  can  thus  be  continued  until 
IT  |the  entire  length  of  film  in  the  magazine  of  the  moving "pic- 
}'u  i ture  Pro j  ecting  ma'chiiie"  arid  the'  corresponding  records"'have 
(Wvt’  been  exhausted.  ^  -  -  ... - 


Having  thus  described  my  J 


ru^  1.  process  of  simultaneously  taking  a  motion 

^  Photograph  with. a  moving  picture  camera  and  risking  a 
j record  upon  a  recording  phonograph,  the  phonograph  and 
CP- ie  r  a  be  i "rig  s  epara  1 6  d  ‘by  substantially '  the  normal  focus - 
ing  distance  of  the  camera  j  and  thereafter  reproducing  the 

^  y  ..recorded  sounds  and  exhibiting,  the  moving  pictures,  photo- . 

J  -graphed  in  substantial  ly  the  .same  relat ±er,  substantially  as 


2-.  The  process  of.  recording  and  reproducing -sound- 
[and  motion  which  consists  in  simultaneously  making  a 
sound  record  aid  a  moving  picture  negative,  printing  a 
i  positive  film  from  the  said  negative  film,  making  a  dup¬ 
licate  of  the  said  sound  record,  reproducing  the  sound  so-- 

. J|.  . . ,  -bkc  b<,  of  _ 

.recorded  upon  a  phonograph,  arid  starting  the 'exhibltl  on  ~ 

•  -j  of  the  -positive  f i-lm-from-the- phonograph-, -substantially 'as- 


|  '  3.  •  The  process  of.  simultaneously  exhibiting  moti  on 

Piottires-and-reprodueing-sdTmd-s~whfch~consl‘sts  iri~f  irst; — — 

j  beginning-either_of— ■ the- said-operations-and— ■ thereafter - - 

J  automatically  starting  the  remaining  operat  ion  at  a  giyen._ 
i stage  in  the  first  named  operation,  substantially  as  set 


3.  The  process'  of  simultaneously  exhibiting' 


motion  pictures  and, 
first.  beginning j^ither  /of.  the .skid 
after  aut omat i cally  s t ir t ing/the 
tion  at  .  a  given  stage  i; 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


•oducing  sgunds  which^onsists- in-y- : - 

operations  knd  .therevl _ 

lai-hing  ope'ra-  / 

(amed  operation,  suh- 


. 4.  The  process  of  simultaneously,  exhihi ting  motion _ 

pictures  and  reproducing  sounds,  which  consists  in  first 
starting  the  reproduction  of  sound  and  thereafter  auto¬ 
matically  starting  the  exhibition  of  motion  pictures, 
when  a  given  stage  in  the  reproduction  of  sound  has  been 
reached,  substantially  as  set  forth. . . . — . - 


5.  The  process  of  simultaneously  exhibiting  moving 
:  pictures  and  reproducing  sounds,  which  consists  in  first 
•setting  a  phonograph  in-  operation  to  reproduce  the  re-  - 

.corded  sounds. and-  in  automatically. starting -the -exhibit  ion . - ... 

Pictures  from  the  phonograph  when  the  repro-  _ 

auction  of  the  sound  thereby  has  reached  a  given  stage, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

.  6*  The.  Py.pcess ,.of__s_iMultaneously  exhibiting  motion _ 

pictures  and  reproducing  sound  which  consists  in  actuating- 
the  sound  reproducing  and  picture  exhibiting  machines 
from  a  common  actuating  meclianism  ^nd  setting  the  moving 
picture  exhibiting  machine  into  action  from  the  sound  re--"  ~ ~ 
j -pr o due ing  machine— substantidlyas^set  forthi - - - i - 7 — 


•  7.  The  process  of  simultaneously  exhibiting  motion 
pictures  and  reproducing-  sounds,’- 'which  consists  in  marking 

a-point  upon-a-motion-jpi-cture-film-corresponding-to-'a”pa'r:- 
L-tlcular  .po lift— upon-  a-sound-r-ecord- j—i-n— r-epr-oduc-i-ng-s  ounds— 


'i  rec°rded  upon  the.  record,  -and  in  automatically,  starting-- 
: :  the  exhibit  ion  of .moving. pictures  at  .the  .indicated  point 
jjv'hen  the  sounds  recorded  upon  the  record  at  the  corres¬ 
ponding  point  ar.e  being  reproduced,  substantially  as  set 
[forth.  • . 

8.  The  process  which  consists  in  making  a  sound 
•  record  and  a  moving  picture  negative  upon  a  recording 
! phonograph  and  a  moving  picture  camera  respectively,  act¬ 


uating  the  same  by  a  crormnon  actuating  means,  replacing 
| the  recording  phonograph  by  a  reproducing  phonograph,'  and 

'[the  camera  by  a  -projecting. -machine,- exhibiting  in  the _ 

■  said  projecting  machine  a  positive  film  .which  is  a  dupli-. 
.cate  of  said  negative,  an d  reproducing  upon  the  phono¬ 
graph -the  record  originally  made,  or  a  duplicate  thereof, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

-  ...  .?*.  a  moving  picture  camera, 


Is  recordine  Phonograph  at  substantially  the  normal  focusing 
I  distance-  of  the  camera  therefrom,  and  mechanical  actuat¬ 
ing  means  common  to  both  the  camera  and  the  phonograph, 
i  substantiaiy  as  set -forth. —  - - - - -  — - -- — 

10.  The  combination  of  a  moving  picture  camera,  a  . 
recording  phonograph  at ' Is ub st ant iloTy  theliorauiT  focus ing 
.  ~j  distance-  of  the" -caHefa"tlier'ef fom7--a"rigTd-slm,f^ t-extendlng - - 

~  i  froni-'the-ne-ighbor-hood-of— the-phonograph-to-the-nei-ghborhood- — — 
- —j  Pf_the__c_amera. .  and_ser.ving_as_a_c.ommon_ac.tuating_means_f or_.___ _ 

_ __!  ^he  two  machines,  substantially  as  set  forth 


11.  The  combination  of  a  moving  picture  projecting 
machine, a  reproducing  phonograph  at  substantially  the  nor¬ 
mal  focusing  distance  of  the  camera  therefrom,  a  rigid 

shaft  serving  to  drive  both  '"the"  camera' aM—pr^j'ect"ihg'nia-"‘ . 

chine  and  extending  from  tile  neighborhood-  of  one:  of  the- . . 

machines- to  -the  neighborhood-  of  the  other;,. .substantial  ly..as - 

set  forth.  ,  . .  .  .  ...  . . . .; _  .... _ : _ 

.  T2;  jrire  combination.- of '  a  screen,  a  moving-picture-— - - 

projecting  machine  at  a  distance  therefrom.and  so  no— - 

sitioned,  as.. to.  display  moving'  pictures  thereon,  a  talking 
machine  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  screon,  a  long. .shaft 
extending  from  the  neighborhood  of  the  taiking  machine 
to  that  of  the  projecting  machine  and  operatively  .con¬ 
nected  to  the  said  machines,  and"m'ean's  for  driving' the 
said  shaft,  substantially  as ‘set’ forth; - - -  - . — . . — . — 

13.  The  combination  of  a  screon,  a  moving  picture 
exhibiting  machine  trained  thereon j  a  phonograph  in ’the" " 

neighborhood  'of  the  “screen,  a  'long  shaft -extending  from - 

the  neighborhood-of—the-phonpgraph  to  the  neighborhood  - - - 

..of.  the.  pro j ec.ting_ma.ohiney  the  said  shaft  being  directly _ 

geared  to  one  of  the  said  machines,  and  adapted  to  be 
operatively  the  remaining  machine,  substan¬ 

tially  as  set  forth. 

14.  The  combination  of  a  screen,  amoving  picture 
projecting  machine  trained  thereon  and  at  a  distance  there¬ 
from,  a  phonograph  in  the  neighborhood. of  the  said  screon, 

a  long  shaft  extending  from  the  phonograph  to  the  pro-  .  '  ~  ; 

"j  ect'ihg--rnachiw  a-nd'-'directly_ge'ared-"to— .one— of-sai'd-ma- - : - H 

--chines-,— and  means-under— the- control— of-t-he-maclii-ne-d-i-rectly—^—J 
connected  to  the  shaft  for  operatively-  connecting  the  re-  j 


mining  machine  to  said,  shaft-, -substantially  as- set  forth. 

15.  The  combination  with  a  floor,  of  a  phonograph . 

s.nd  a  moving  picture' projecting  machine  supported'  there- . 

•|  by,  and  separated-by  a  considerable  distance,  a -long  shaft 
:  extending,  beneath  the.  floor  and.  adapted  to  actuate .both. 

:  the  phonograph  and  the  projecting  machine,  substantially 


. lei  In  a  device,  of  the  character  described,,  the  . _ 

:  combination  of  a  reproducing  phonograph,  a  sound  record 
;  thereon,  a  moving  picture  projecting  machine,  a  positive 
•  threaded  therein,  actuating  means  positively  geared 

i  to  one  of  the  said  machines,  and  means  for  operatively 

i  connecting  the  said  actuating  means  to  the  other  of  the' . 

j  said  machines- at  a  definite  point  in  the  operation  of 
;  the  first. named  machine,  substantial  ly  .  as  set  forth.  

In' a  device  of  the  character  described,  the 

combination  of  a  reproducing  phonograph,  a  sound-record  - 

thereon,  a  moving,  picture,  projecting,  machine, _a. positive . 

film  threaded  therein,  actuating  means  positively  geared 


s  said  phonograph  and.  30 


i  .under  the  control -of 


;  -the  ■  said  .phonograph  for . .operatively ..connecting  the 
I  moving  picture  projecting  machine .to,. the- said  actuating 
;j  means  at.  a  definite  .point -in  the  -movement- of ''the-  said. 

. 4— record-, --3ubstant-ial-ly-as—3et—fort-hv - : - 


j  16^  In  a  device  of  the  class' described,  the  combina- 
j  tibn  of  a  rotating  mandrel’,  a  pr’ogressively'inoving  carriage^ 

j  a -reproducer -borne-by-the-said-carriageT—a-sound-recordy - 

..means_for_.r.otating-Said-Eecord_beneath.the... said-carriage _ 

and  reproducer,  a  contact  piece  secured  to  tba  mnflrpi  , 


-  J 

j|  a  second  contact  piece  secured  to  the  said  carriage,  an 
;  electro-magnet,  a  normally  open  circuit  Comprising  the 
■  _  coils  of  the  electro-magnet  and  adapted  to  he  closed 

|  when  the  "said  contact,  point's  strike  together,. 'a  moving - 

j  picture  projecting  machine,  and  means  under  control,  of  — 

1  the  said  magnet  for  setting  the . said  moving  picture  pro- 

j  jecting  machine. into  operation,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

i  '  In  a  device  of  the  class  described,  the  com-  - - 

:  bination  of.  a  reproducing  phonograph  comprising. a  . rp.tat- 

i-  ing  mandrel  and  a  traveling  carriage,  a  sound  record  upon 
i  said  mandrel,-  a  contact .piece  upon  said  mandrel  and  a 
i  coacting  contact  piece  upon  said  carriage,  an  electro¬ 
magnet,  a  normally  open  electric  circuit  including  the 

said  contact  pieces  and"  the  coils  of  the  electric,  magnet  , - ' 

actuating' means  for  the  said  phonograph,  a- moving  picture . — 

.  projecting,  machine,  and  means  under  the  control  of  , the 

said  magnet  for  operatively  connecting  the  said  pro¬ 
jecting  machine  to  the  phono  raph  actuating  means,  sub¬ 
stantial  ly  as  set  forth. 

In  a  device  of  the  character  described,  the 

combination  of  a  reproducing  phonograph  comprising  a 

rotating  mandrel,  a  traveling  carriage  and  a  reproducer 

equipped  with  a  stylus  adapted  to  track  a  sound  record 

groove,  a  sound  record  upon  said  mandrel,  a.  contact"  ;  —  — 

-"piece-upon-said  -mandrel,— a— co-actd-ng -contact -piece-upori - — 

— the -said-carr-iage-adanted-to-belst-nick-by  the  first-named 

contact  piece  when  the  stylus,  has  reached  a  Riven  ooint 

upon  the  record  groove,-  a  moving  picture  projecting  ina- 

chine,  actuating  means  for  the  phonograph,  an  electro- 

magnet,  a  normally  open  electric  circuit  including  the  ~~~ 

said  contact  pieces  and  the  coils  of  the  electro  magnetT- • 

_ _ 

. .  1 

and  means  under  the  control  of  the  said  magnet  for  oper¬ 
atively  connecting  the  moving  picture  machine  to  the  means  • 
for  actuating  the  phonograph,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

v^\/  In  a  device  of  the  character  described,  the  com¬ 
bination  of  a  reproducing  phonograph  comprising  a  rotatable 
mandrel,  a  sound  record  thereon,  a  contact  piece  upon  said 
record,  a  movable  contact  piece  adapted  to  be  struck  by  the 

first  named  contact  "piece  in  its  rotationrwith  the  mandrel? . - 

an  electric  circuit  normally  open  and  adapted- to  -be.'-  closed ..  .. 

by. the  said  contact  .pieces,  an  electro-magnet  the  coils  . 

whereof  are  included  within  the  electric  circuit,  a  moving 
picture  projecting  machine  and  means  under  the  control  of 
the  said  magnet  for  setting  the  said  projecting  machine  , 
into  operation,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

22.  In  a  device  of  the  character  described,  the  com¬ 
bination  of  a  reproducing  phonograph,  a  sound  record  there¬ 
on,  a  moving  picture  -projecting  machine,  a  positive  film 

inserted  therein,  'and  means  'under  the  control  of  the . 

phonograph  for  setting  the  -projecting- machine  -into  opera - 

_tion,  substantially,  as  set. forth. . . .  . 

23.  In  a  device  for  simultaneously" reproducing  sounds 

and  ejdiibiting-motion  -pictures  j  -t-he  -combination-  of- a -re-— - 

.producing  phonograph, _a. sound .record. thereon,  a  moving  _ _ 

picture  projecting  machine,  a  positive  film  threaded  in 
said  projecting- machine,  common  actuating  means  for  the 
said  phonograph  and  projecting  machine  positively  geared 
to  the  phonograph,  means  for  preventing  the  operation  of  ■ 
the^pro‘jecting-iiia'chine'",  "and"means_£mr'autoiria'tically^ac'tua±-  ' 

-e.d-by--the-phonograph-day:*iDe-?ifcxB£Kjgrfflpfa--f-or-releasi-ng---the - 

said  preventing  means,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


24.  In  a  device  of  the  character  described,  the 
combination  of  a  reproducing- phonograph,  a  sound  record 
thereon,  a  moving  picture  projecting  machine,  a  positive 
film  threaded  therein, • common  actuating  means  for  the 
said  phonograph  and' projecting  Eiachine,  positively  geared 
to  the  said-  phonograph  and  adapted  to-be  operatively  -conne.c 
ted  to  the  said.projecting.machine,  and  means  under  the 
,  control  o_f  'the .. J-honograph  record  in  its  movement  for  oper¬ 
atively  connecting  the  projecting  machine  to  the  actuating 
means,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


t/%&ene*-&$^MMtm/t.ffl$K  ZZmS^3)t/c/;  f %/"htf&«r, 

(Of/f.irjt ■.  /Z//<//ZZ^'//Z^r: 

Pel).  26,  1909 

^XJtr°-^>cLfy^  !-'&«_»  X'l-'K— vCv  a«i*»  tt, 

’  *..C&  -  X^£>  cf  — 


-p“ 


or-. 


.  coCJ  d<w«,-of . '-{*«*■<'•' 


My  dear  Mr.  Edison: 

You  invention,  which  has  for  its  object  the  elimination 
of  the  friction  caused  hy  the  sliding  of  the  stylus  over  the  record 
surface  by  providing  a  stylus  in  the  form  of  a  roller  or  ball  and 
rotatably  supporting  the  same  so  that  it  rolls  along  the  record 
surface,  has  been  put  in  an  interference.  Mr.  Wolke  made  a  working 
drawing  of  this  for  you  on  February  12th,  1908  and  made  the  model 
immediately  thereafter.  Mr.  Wolke  does  not  seem,  however,  to  have 
any  original  sketch  of  this  having  a  date  prior  to  that  of  his  work¬ 
ing  drawing,  and  the  question  iB  whether  you  can  remember  the  date 
on  which  you  conceived  this  invention  and  the  date  on  which  you  first 
made  a  drawing  showing  the  invention.  Any  evidence  which  you  might 
be  able  to  rake  up  to  carry  the  date  of  the  invention  back  of 
February  12,  1908  would  be  of  service.  The  application  was  filed  in 
March  1908.y. 

Yours  very  truly, 


DS/JS 


r<V/f 


RECEIVED.^ 

MAR  6-1909  I 
FRANK  L.  DY-R.  Jj 


[ON  BACK  OF  PRECEDING  PAGE] 


■j- $#.&&*£.  —  <£5,  ^ 

'  Sf  /J-y.  J  ~~  '  °  > 


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t.  L 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY. 


petition 


tfje  Commislsiioner  of  patents: 

Pour  Petitioner  thojias  a.  Edison 

a  citizen  of  tfje  ®niteb  States,  reslibing  anb  having  a  Posit  ©ffice  abbresisi  at 

llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey; 


praps  tfjat  letters:  patent  map  be  granteb  to  fjim  for  tfje  improvements:  in 

PROCESS  OP  J.IAKI1C  PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS , 


siet  fortfj  in  tfje  annexeb  specification ;  anb  jje  fjereVp  appoints:  Jfranfe  H.  ©per 
(jRegisitration  Ho.  560),  of  (©range,  Hein  STrrsep,  fjisi  attornep,  initfj  full 
potner  of  siuVsftitution  anb  revocation,  to  prosiecute  tfjis:  application,  to  ntafee 
alterations:  anb  amenbmentsi  tfjerein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
Vusiinesiss  in  tfje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjereinitfj. 


„  CO-  &@Ll*zscrvtJ. _ 


SPECIFICATION  - 


TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  KAY  CONCERN; 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a  citi¬ 
zen  of  the  United  States,  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn  Earls:, 
Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  Nov/  Jersey,  have  in¬ 
vented  certain  new  and  useful  improvements  in  PROCESS  OP 
MAKING  PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS,  of  v/hich  the  follov/ing  is  a  des¬ 
cription: - 

The  wax-like  compositions  now  in  common  use  for 
making  phonograph  records,  such,  for  example,  as  those  des¬ 
cribed  in  Patent  No.  782,370,  granted  to  Jonas  W.  AJlsworth, 
have  qualities  which  make  them  specially  well  adapted  for 
this  purpose.  Such  materials  can  be  readily  molded,  give 
an  accurate  copy  of  the  surface  of  the  mold  o.r  matrix, 
and  after  being  molded  can  be  reamed  out  and  trimmed  off 
and  otherwise  worked  with  great  facility.  Phonograph 
records  can  be  made  from  these  materials  at  low  coot,  with 
simple  machinery  and  by  very  cheap  labor.  It  is  a  fact, 
however,  that  records  made  from  these  wax- like  compositions, 
and  made,  as  is  now  the  common  practice,  with  substantially 
one  hundred  record  grooves  to  the  inch,  after  being  sub¬ 
jected  to  a  large  number  of  reproductions  in  the  phonograph, 
show  signs  of  wear  end  the  character  of  the  reproduction 
obtained  therefrom  deteriorates.  Obviously,  such  records 
will  be  more  rapidly  worn  v/hen  a  narrower  record  groove 
and  a  reproducing  stylus  of  correspondingly  decreased  size 
are  made  use  of.  It  is  desirable,  therefore,  that  a  record 


ITdo  made  which  will  have  a  harder  and  tougher  wearing  sur¬ 
face  and  vrhich  will  at  the  same  time  retain  the  good  mold- 
ahle  and  workable  qualities  of  the  records  made  from  the 
wax-like  compositions  now  UBed. 

1  have  disclosed  in  an  application  filed  on  even 
date  herewith,  serially  numbered  ,  a  record  having 

these  characteristics,  and  X  propose  in  tho  present  appli¬ 
cation  to  describe  and  claim  an  effective  process  by  which 
such  records  may  be  manufactured.  In  the  practice  of  ray 
improved  process  I  take  first  the  ordinary  mold  or  matrix 
which  has  been  made  from  a  master  record,  and  which  is  used 
for  molding  duplicates,  and  apply  a  coating  to  the  negative 
record  surface  on  the  interior  of  this  mold  or  matrix,  of 
a  material  which,  v/hon  welded  to  the  record  surfaoa  of  a 
record  made  from  the  Biddable  material,  will  give  the  said 
record  a.  hardened  and  toughened  surface.  For  such  hard 
and  tough  material  I  may  make  use,  for  example,  of  cellu¬ 
loid  or  nitrated  cellulose,  dissolved  in  a.  suitable  solvent, 
such  as  amyl  acetate  or  a  mixture  of  alcohol  and  ether, 
etc.  I  preferably  apply  this  material  to  the  inner  face 
of  the  mold  by  immersing  the  mold  in  such  a  solution  and 
after  the  mold  is  withdrawn  from  tho  solution  I  preferably 
allow  it  to  dry  in  a  vertical  position,  so  that  there  will 
be  no  tendency  for  tho  solution  to  gather  at  one  side  of  the 
mold,  and  after  it  has  dried  so  that  nearly  all  of  the  vol¬ 
atile  solvent  of  the  collodion  solution  lias  been  eliminated, 
X  use  the  mold  for  molding  a  record  therein,  using  for 
this  purpose  any  of  the  materials  well-known  in  the  art,  and 
preferably  the  wax-like  composition  now  commonly  used  for 
this  purpose .  The  molding  may  be  done  in  any  well-known 
fashion,  either  by  dipping  the  mold  into  the  moldable  ma- 


-2- 


terial  and  allowing  it  to  congeal  on  the  inner  surface  of 
the  mold,  and  then  wi thdr awing  the  mold  with  its  coating 
before  the  mold  itself  has  had  time  to  become  heated,  as 
disclosed  in  patent  Wo.  683,615,  granted  to  Killer  and 
Ayln worth  on  October  1,  1901,  or,  X  may  mold  the  material 
by  pouring,  for  example ,  as  disclosed  in  the  patent  to 
Maurice  Joyce,  Wo.  .831,668,  dated  September  25,  1906,  or, 

X  may  make  use  of  centrifugal  forcefor  molding  the  material, 
the  mold  being  rapidly  rotated  during  the  formation  of  the 
record,  as  disclosed  in  patent  to  Jonas  w.  Aylsworth,  Wo. 
855,605,  dated  June  4,  1907,  or,  X  may  make  use  of  other 
ways  known  in  the  art  for  molding  the  material.  Xn  any 
case,  when  the  material  iB  placed  in  the  mold  and  allowed 
to  cool  in  contact  therewith,  the  film  of  collodion  which 
was  placed  upon  the  record  surface  of  the  mold,  before  the 
wax-like  or  other  moldable  material  was  introduced  therein, 
will  bocomo  firmly  vralded  to  the  outer  surface  of  such  ma¬ 
terial  in  such  a  way  that  v/hon  the  record  is  used  for  re¬ 
production,  tho  reproducing  stylus  will  not  tear  or  detach 
the  collodion  film. 

It  is  evident  that  tho  record  groove  and  tho  undula¬ 
tions  thereof  in  a  record  produced  in  this  manner,  will 
bo  unaffected  by  the  provision  of  the  record  with  a  hardened 
uurfaco,  sinco  the  complete  record  groove  will  be  accurately 
molded  with  the  hardened  surface  film.  By  this  process  I  am 
enabled  to  make  use  of  a  collodion  or  o-cher  surface  harden¬ 
ing  film  of  any  desired  thickness  and  in  no  manner  detract 
from  the  reproducing  qualities  of  the  record,  while  I  add 
very  greatly  to  its  life  and  wearing  cpjalitioB.  The  thick¬ 
ness  of  the  film  may  be  governed,  as  will  be  understood, 
by  controlling  the  proportion  of  solvent  in  the  solution, 


-3- 


a  thin  solution  giving  a  thinner  film  and  a  thicker  solu¬ 
tion  a  thicker  film,  and  if  it  is  found  to  he  neoessary,  in 
order  to  produce  a  sufficiently  thick  film,  the  mold,  after 
being  .immersed  and  dried,  may  he  immersed  arid  dried  a  second 
or  even  a  third  time. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  I  claims - 

1.  The  process  of  making  a  phonograph  record  which 
consists  in  providing  a  mchld^havinf!  a  negative  impression 
of  the  record,  coating  the  mold  with  a  material  adapted 
harden  the  surface  of  a  record  and molsUng  therein  a 
record  from  moldahle  material,  subs tantiallyas^ set  forth. 

)i.  A  prooess  of  swiping  a  phonograph  record  v/hich 
consists  in  providing  a  mold \arrying  a  negative  impres- 


al  adapted  to  harden  the  surface  orVihe  record,  ^and-  molding 

. .  '(--.0 

a  wax- like  composition  therein^ to  f orm^a  record  having  a 

hardened  surface,  substantially  as  sel 

3.  The  jirdaags  of  making  a  phonograph  record  which 
consists  in  providing  a  mbid^c&rrying  the  negative  impres¬ 
sion  of  -he  record,  •  applying' a  f  ilsKJ/f^ooll od i on  to  said 
mold,  and  molding  wax-liko  material  in  saitkjaold ,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 

t'"  The  process  of  raking  a  phonograph  record  v/hich 
consists  in  providin'®  a  nold  having  a  negative  impression 
of  the  record,  applying  a  ooatinc  of  collodion  solution 
to  the  mold,  drying  tie  mold  in  a\ertical  position,  and 
molding  a  record  of  //voidable  material  in  said  mold,  substan 

11  v  n  ft  ant  fm’+.Vi  .  \  ^  \ 


i! 


f  Sj .  Til 9  prooesa  of  making  a  phonograph  record, 
which  oonuiuts  in  i>roviding  a  wold  carrying  a  negative 
impression  of  the  record,  coating  the  mold  with  a  layer 
of  collodion  solution,  molding  n  record  therein  from 
wax-like  compos  if.  i  op1,  thereby  causing  collodion  t.o  be 
intimately  welded  to  the  wax-like  compositi  on  at  its  sur¬ 
face,  allowing  the  record  so  formed  to  contract,  and  With¬ 
drawing  it  longitudinally  from  the  mold,  substantially  as 
sot  fiorth. 


^  uu 'At! 


-5- 


®f)isi  specification  signeb  anb  toitnesseb  this  id  bap  of  P 

- JJkjn^^LCLdS  CL  ■ 

Witnesses: 


2 — C2awa^\JL^  , 


©atb. 


g>tatc  of  Jleto  STcrScp  ] 
Count?  of  CSSex  j 


thomas  a.  edisoh  ,  tfjc  abobe  nameb 
petitioner,  being  bulp  stoorn,  beposes  anb  saps  that  fie  is  a  citijen  of  tfje  fSniteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  Of  llev/ellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  yssex 
and  State  of  Hew  Jersey; 


tfjat  be  berilp  beliebes  bimself  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  Sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbements  in  process  op  makiitg  phonograph  records  , 


bescribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tfje  annexeb  Specification;  that  be  boes  not  fmoto  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  that  rtje  same  toas  eber  fenohm  or  uSeb  before  bis  inbention  or 
biScoberp  thereof;  or  patenteb  or  bescribeb  in  anp  printeb  publication  in  tbe 
©niteb  States  of  America  or  anp  foreign  countrp  before  bis  inbention  or 
biScoberp  thereof,  or  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  or  patenteb 
in  anp  countrp  foreign  to  the  ©niteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
ttoelbe  months  prior  to  this  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  the 
GUniteb  States  for  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  anb  that  no 
application  for  patent  upon  Saib  inbention  has  been  fileb  bp  bint  or  bis  legal 
representatibes  or  assigns  in  anp  foreign  countrp. 


Stoorn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  this  /  3 


bap  of  190  f 


INTERIOR, 


it— am. 

Div....23~.  Room . 3.79  .T.H.DT^LT. - 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  d.  c„  April  'j>t1908. 

Thomas  A.  Edison, 

Care  Frank  L.  Dyer, 

Orange,  New  Jersey  . 

Edison  Laboratory.  I  r  j 

Please  find,  helaio  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  nliurge  of  your  appli.cn  ti 


number °421S 887  Maklng  PhonoKraph  Records .filed  March  18, 1908, serial 


Applicant  is  requested  to  file  a  drawing  diagrammatioally 
illustrative  of  the  present  process. 

The  claims  do  not  appear  to  specify  matter  distinguishable 
in  a  patentable  sense  from  patents  of  Petit, Deo.  24, 1901, #689, 408, 
(181-16);  Harris, Deo.  11,1908,  #837,927,  and  the  acknowledge  old 
reoord  material  employed  by  applicant,  it  being  held  that  in  so  far 
as  the  specific  process  is  concerned,  it  could  not  constitute 
invention  to  substitute  wax-like  material  for  Petit's  celluloid  like 
material  employed  in  constructing  the  base  of  his  record  . 

The  claims  drawn  are  rejected  . 


IN  IVIS  UNITED  STATUS  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

PROCESS  OP  MAKING  j 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS  : 

Piled  March  18,  1908  : 

Serial  Ho.  421,88?  : 


Room  No. 


379. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  action  of 
April  2,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  aB 
follows: 

Cancel  Claim  1. 

Claim  2,  line  5,  after  "therein"  insert  -  by 
centrifugal  means  -  . 

Cancel  Claim  ?. 

Renumber  ClaimB  2,  4  and  5  as  1,  2  and  3. 


REMARKS 


A  drawing  diagrammatically  illustrative  of  the 
partB  will  be  filed  before  the  case  goes  to  issue. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims 
remaining  in  the  case  are  requested.  The  reference 
Harris  would  not  seem  to  be  particularly  pertinent  in  this 
case,  his  disclosure  being  a  surfaoe  of  celluoid  on  a 
backing  of  wood-pulp.  Petit  discloses  a  process  some¬ 
what  similar  to  applicant's,  but  applicant's  process 


(1) 


as  now  claimed  is  specifically  different  therefrom. 
Applicant' 8  method  of  applying  the  coating  to  the  inside 
of  the  mold  and  drying  the  same  is  different  from  Petit^s, 
and  applicant  also  moldB  a  record  within  this  coating  as 
by  oentrifugal  meanB,  whereby  the  oollodion  film  is 
caused  to  be  intimately  welded  to  the  wax-like  composition. 

Respectfully  submitted 
THOMAS  A.  EKSON 

By _ 

His  Attorney. 


Orange,  Hew  Jersey 
March  ,  1909. 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C., 


April  14 , 1509. 


Thomas  A,  Edison, 

Care  Prank  L.  Dyer, 
Orange,  Mew  Jersey  . 


Flense  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  Process  of  Making  Phonograph  Records,  filed  March  18,1908, 
serial  number  421,807  . 


This  action  in  in  response  to  the  amendment  filed  the 
25th  ultimo  . 

The  examiner  can  see  no  patentable  distinction  between 
Pettit's  process  and  that  set  forth  in  applicant's  claims. 

Whether  the  base  material  be  wax-like  as  is  most  common  in  tho 
art  or  not  wax-like  , door,  not  seem  to  be  material  in  so  far  ae 
the  patentability  of  the  process  is  concerned..  However,  a  wax- 
like  bane  and  a  hard  record  surface  are  shown  in  Harris  cited. 

The  examiner  must  hold  that  the  claims  do  not  B«t  forth 
patentable  invention  over  Petit's  disclosure  and  that  of  Harris, 
and  the  claims  are  accordingly  rejected  . 


[u.  8.  PATENT  OFFICE, 

APR  14  1909 
1  BAILED-  1 


Ill  TICE  UNITED  STATUS  •RATE1'1®  ^ICB 

|  Thomas  A.  Edison 

1  PROCESS  OP  MAKING  PHONOGRAPH 
1  RECORDS 

Piled  March  18,  1908 
Serial  No.  421,88? 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 
S  I  R  : 

In  response  to  rejection  of  April  14, 
1909,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows: 

Canoel  Claims  l  and  2  and  substitute  tho 

following: 

1.  A  process  of  making  a  phonograph  record  which 
consists  in  providing  a  mold  oarrying  a  negative  im¬ 
pression  of  the  record,  applying  to  said  mold  a  film  of 
material  adapted  to  harden  the  surface  of  the  record, 
drying  tho  mold,  rotating  the  mold,  introducing  therein 
a  wax-like  composition  in  molten  condition,  and  molding 
the  same  hy  centrifugal  action  in  intimate  contact  with 
the  hardened  surface  film,  cooling  the  record  so  made, 
and  withdrawing  from  the  mold  the  finished  record  of  wax¬ 
like  composition  having  a  hardened  surface  film  intimately 
welded  thereto,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Renumber  Claim  3  as  Claim  2. 


(1) 


REMARKS 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims 
as  amended  aro  respectfully  requested.  The  process  as 
claimed  could  not  to  carried  out  by  Petit,  the  base 
material  of  whose  record  is  celluloid.  Neither  could 
it  be  carried  out  by  Harris,  whoso  base  material  is  wood 
pulp.  Ey  applicant's  invention  as  described  in  Claim  1, 
a  wax-like  record  is  raado  by  a  centrifugal  process  having 
a  hardened  surface  film  thereon,  and  this  iB  done  in 
a  particular  way  claimed,  which  is  thought  to  be  patent- 
ably  different  from  anything  shown  in  tho  references. 
Claim  2,  previously  3,  is  also  thought  to  ho  specifically 
different  from  the  references. 

Respectfully, 

l’HOMAi 
By 

Orange,  N.  J'. 

April  7,  1910. 


A.  EDISON 


3—260. 


379  *11  PaPT 

‘’’date  ol  filing,  a^tlllo  of  Invention. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  d.  c.,  April  23,1910. 


Thomas  A,  Edison, 

Cara  yraiifc  L,  Dy or, 

Orange ,  New  jersey  . 


Edison  Laboratory,  1 - li-i~  -  ^  ■  [ 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 


for  Process  of  tfriking  Phonograph  Records , filed  March  18, 1908, serial 
number  421,887  , 


U.  ii.  .V""-1  i/rri(jr!, 
APR  23  1920 
M  AILED. 


Thi o  action  ia  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  April 

0,1910, 

Claim  1  is  object ionahlo  in  lino  5,  Drying  tho  mold 
and  rotating  tho  mold  are  one  and  tho  name  stop  in  the  proconn. 

After  a  oaroful  consideration,  nothing  patontahlo  is 
found  in  the  claims  over  the  references  of  record  and  Lboth • ? 
of  the  claims  are  finally  rejected  upon  the  reforonocs  and  for 
the  reasons  of  record  . 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OTP ICE. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  ) 

PROCESS  OP  MAKING  PHONOGRAPH  ) 

RECORDS,  Room  No.  379 

Piled  March  18,  1908,  ^ 

Serial  No.  421,887.  * 

) 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 

SIR; 

I  hereby  appeal  to  the  Examiners  -in- 
Chief  from  the  decision  of  the  principal  Examiner  in  the 
matter  of  my  application  for  Letters  Patent  for  a  PROCESS 
OP  MAKING  PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS,  filed  March  18,1908,  Serial 
No.  421,887,  which  on  the  twenty-third  day  of  April,  1910, 
was  finally  rejected.  The  following  are  the  points  of 
the  decision  upon  which  the  appeal  is  taken: 

1.  The  Examiner  erred  in  rejeoting  the  claims. 

2.  The  Examiner  erred  in  holding  the  olaims 
to  he  without  patentable  novelty. 

An  oral  hearing  is  requested. 

Very  respectfully, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON, 

By  p 


Orange,  New  Jersey, 
l 

April  /  V-  1911. 


His  Attorney. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  ) 

PROCESS  OF  MAKING  ) 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS ,  Room  No .  379 . 

) 

Filed  March  18,  1908, 

Serial  No.  481,887, 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS: 
SIR: 


In  response  to  the  f  Inal  rejection  of  ' 
April  23,  1910,  an  appeal  from  the  vieoision  of  the 
Ssairdnsr  to  the  Board  of  Ex.aminera-in-Chief  has  been 
filed  on  even  date  herewith. 

It  is  herein  desired  to  respond  to  the 
second  paragraph  Of  the  last  Offioe  aotion  in  which  it 
was  held  that  claim  1  is  o’oj  ectionable  "because  "drying" 
and  "rotating"  the  mould  are  included  as  separate  steps 


in  the  process.  By  reference  to  line  9,  page  3,  it 
will  "be  seen  that  the  rotation  of  the  mould  is  independent 
of  the  drying  and  that  theBe  two  steps  are  therefore 
properly  included  in  claim  1  independent ly  of  each  other. 
There  is  no  rotation  of  the  mould  during  the  drying  re¬ 
ferred  to. 


It  1b  accordingly  requested  that  the 
objection  referred  to  "be  withdrawn. 

Very  respeotfully , 

Orange,  New  Jersey,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON, 

April  /  4 1911. 


By  ^ 

His  Attorney.  (J 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OEPICE 


Application  of, 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  for 


Process  of  Making  Phonograph 
Records, 


Piled  March  18, 1908, #421, 837, 
Vtty:  Prank  I>.  Dyer  . 


)  Before  the  Hon.  Board  of 
Examiners-in-Chief . 


Examiner's  Statement.  . 


This  is  an  appeal  from  the  Examiner's  final  rejection  of 
the  following  claims  : 

1*  .  A  Process  of  making  a  phonograph  record  which  oonslsts 
In  providing  a  mold  c arrylng  a  negative  impression  of  the  record, 
applying  to  said  mold^a  film  of/material  adapted  to  harden  t^e 

?£  reoor4iJ drying.. the  mol.d,  rotating  the  mold,  intro¬ 
ducing  therein  a  v?ax=liko  composition  in  molten  dondition!  aid  moldin'! 
the^same  hy  centrifugal  action  in  intimate"oont~act  with  the  hardened 
surface  filny  cooling  the  record  so  made,  end  wfcrthdrawing 
from  the  mead  the  finished  record  of  wax-like  composition  having  a 
hardened  surface  film  intimately  welded  thereto, BUhst antlally  as 
sot  forth# 

_ Z\  ,,  The  Prooeas  of  making  a  phonograph  reoord,  whioh  consists 

in  providing  a  mold  carrying  a  negative  impression  of  the  record, 
ooating  the  mold  with' a  layer  of  collodion  solution,  Zinold in g  jx 

thereby  'oauBrng"  collodion 
to  be  intimately  Welded  t^the .  waxraurt-compdeiilan  at  its  surface, 
allowing  the  record  so  formed  to  oontraot  and  withdrawing  it 
longitudinalljyfrom  the  mold,  substantially  as  set  forth  • 


.>■■■■’/  Petit, #689, 408, Dec.  24,1901,(181-16); 

Aylsworth, #856, 605, June  4,1907,  same  olass; 

Aylsworth,#782,375,Peb.  14,1905,  (181-17). 

Petit  shows  the  broad  equivalent  of  applicant's  method.  In  the 
Petit  method  the  thin  film  8  is  first  ooated  over  the  mold  a,  allowed 
to  cool  and  then  the  body  of  the  reoord  9  1b  placed  within  the  film 
and  steam  foroed  in  whioh  softens  the  body  portion  9  of  the  r6oord 
and  forces  it  against  the  film  8  . 

The  present  applicant  instead  of  adopting  the  Petit 


#421,087-- . 2. 

method  of  placing  the  body  portion  9  witbin  the  film  and  nold  and 
forcing  the  body  portion  of  the  record  againBt  the  film,  has 
followed  the  Aylsworth  process  referred  to  hy  the  applicant  in 
his  specification  nnd  disclosed  in  the  Aylsworth  patent  .  After 
having  coated  tho  mold  with  the  film  as  in  the  Petit  disclosure, 
applicant  forces  the  body  part  of  the  record  agal  n ^c*  way 

Ac — - — - 

disclosed  ir.  Aylsworth,  855,605.J  This  change  from  the  Petit 
to  the  Aylsworth  method  of  forcing  the  body  portion  into  contact 
with  the  film  ,is  not  thought,  to  involve  invention. 

In  claim  1,  applicant  states  as  one  step  of  his  process, 
the 

"drying. mold"  .  What  he  probably  means  is  that  he  drys  the  film 
on  tho  mold,  and  this  claim  has  been  construed  accordingly. 

So  far  as  the  "wax  like  composition"  is  oonoerned  of  which  the  body 
portion  is  oomposed,  the  patent  to  Aylsworth,#? 82, 37 5,  referred  to 
in  his  patent  ,#855,605,  shows  that  the  materials  that  he  was 
working  with  are  all  wax  like  compositions1'.  The  method,  there¬ 
fore  set  forth  in  the  appealed  claims,  appears  to  be  only  an 
aggregation  of  steps  and  even  of  tbs  composition  used  disclosed 
in  the  Petit  and  Aylsworth  patents. 

Respectfully  submitted: 

Examiner,  Pivinion  XXIII  . 


April  24,1911 


IH  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Application  of  ) 


Thomas  A.  Edison  for 

PROCESS  OF  MAKING  PHONO¬ 
GRAPH  RECORDS 

Filed  March  18,  1908 
Serial  No.  481,887 


) 

:  Before  tho  Honorable  Board 
)  of  Examiners -ln-Chief 


) 


APPELLANT’S  BRIEF 


This  is  an  appeal  from  the  Examiner' s  final 
rejection  of  the  following  claims:- 


1.  A  prooess  of  making  a  phonograph  rooord 
whioh  oonaiata  in  providing  a  mold  carrying  a  nega¬ 
tive  impression  of  the  reoord ,  applying  to  said 
mold  a  film  of  material  adapted  to  harden  the 
snrfaoe  of  the  record,  drying  the  mold,  rotating 
the  mold,  introduoing  therein  a  wax -like  composition 
in  molten  condition,  and  molding  the  oame  by  centrif¬ 
ugal  action  in  intimate  contact  with  the  hardened 
surfaoe  film,  cooling  the  reoord  so  made,  and  with¬ 
drawing  from  the  mold  the  finished  reoord  of  wax- 
1  ike  c  ompos i t i  on  having  a  hafdened~nurfatfe~f±lTir- 
infimately  welded  thereto,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 


2.  Tho  prooess  of  making  a  phonograph  reoord, 
whioh  oonsista  in  providing  a  mold  oarrylng  a  nega¬ 
tive  impression  of  tho  reoord,  coating  the  mold  with 
a  layer  of  collodion  solution,  molding  a  reoord  „ 
therein  from  wax -like  composition,  thereby  oausing 
collodion  to  bo  intimately  welded  to  the  wax-like 
composition  at  its  surface,  alloy/ing  tho  reoord  so 
formed  to  contract  and  withdrawing  it  longitudinally 
from  tho  mold,  substantially  as  sot  forth. 


Tho  applioant's  invention  relates  to  processes 
of  making  phonograph  reoords,  and  more  particularly  to 
processes  for  making  a  record  of  wax -like  material  having 
a  hardened  surfaoe  ooating  thereon.  Wax-like  oompositionE 
no v/  in  oommon  use  for  making  phonograph  reoords,  such,  for 


(1) 


example ,  as  those  desoribed  in  patent  Ho.  782,375,  granted 
to  .Tonaa  VV.  Aylsworth,  oan  bo  readily  molded,  give  an  ao- 
onrate  copy  of  the  surfaoe  of  the  mold  or  matrix,  and 
after  being  molded,  oan  be  reamed  out  and  trimmed  off  and 
otherwise  worked  with  great  faoility.  Reoords  oan  further¬ 
more  be  made  from  these  materials  at  a  low  oost,  with  simple 
maohinery,  and  by  very  oheap  labor.  Records,  however,  mad« 
from  these  wax-like  compositions  show  signs  of  wear  after 
being  submitted  to  a  large  number  of  reproductions,  so  thal 
the  oharaoter  of  the  reproduction  obtained  therefrom  deter¬ 
iorates.  It  is  dSBirable,  therefore,  that  a  reoord  be 
made  whloh  will  have  a  harder  and  tougher  wearing  surfaoe, 
and  which  will  at  the  same  time  retain  the  good  moldable 
and  workable  qualities  of  the  records  made  from  the  wax¬ 
like  compositions  now  used. 

The  applicant  has  disclosed  and  claimed  in  ap¬ 
plications  Serial  Hos.  421,884  and  421,886,  reoords  having  .... 
these  characteristics,  and  olaims  in  the  present  application 
an  effective  proooss  by  which  suoh  reoords  may  be  manu¬ 
factured. 

In  aooordanoe  with  this  process,  a  ooating  of 
hard  and  tough  material  is  applied  to  the  negative  reoord 
surfaoe  of  a  mold.  A  suitable  material  for  this  purpose, 
according  to  the  specification,  is  collodion  or  nitrated 
oellulose  dissolved  in,  a  sui table  solvent  such  as  amyl 
aoetate.  After  this  material  haB  been  applied  to  the 
inner  or  reoord  surfaoe  of  the  mold,  as  by  immersing  the 
latter  in  a  aolution  of  tho  Baid  material,  the  ooatod  mold 
is  allowed  to  dry,  after  which  a  reoord  is  molded  therein 


(2) 


of  the  wax -like  composition  mentioned  above.  This  war¬ 
like  composition  may  he  molded  to  the  surfaoe  film  in 
numorous  ways,  Claim  1  specifying  a  process  employing  oen- 
trifugal  force  produced  in  a  rotating  mold  into  which  the 
Wax-like  composition  is  introduced  in  a  molten  condition. 

A  process  for  molding  a  complete  record  in  this  manner  is 
disolosed  in  the  patent  to  Jonas  W.  Aylsworth,  No.  855,605, 
dated  J\me  4,  1907.  After  the  cooling  of  the  wax-like  com¬ 
position  in  oontaot  with  the  surfaoe  ooating,  tho  reoord 
may  he  withdrawn  fro#  the  mold  with  the  surfaoe  film  inti¬ 
mately  welded  thereto. 

The  references  relied  upon  by  tho  Examiner  aro:- 

Petit,  No.  689,408,  December  24,  1901; 

Aylsworth ,  No.  855,606,  June  4,  1907; 

Aylsworth,  No.  788,375,  February  14,  1905. 

In  the  Petit  method  a  film  J3  is  first  coated  upon  the  mold 
a  and  allowed  to  sot  or  dry,  whereupon  the  "foundation  £  or 
cylindrical  shell"  is  placed  within  the  film,  the  film  and 
foundation  being  subsequently  softened  and  oemented  together, 
by  foroing  steam  into  the  mold.  Aylsworth  patent  No. 
855,605  merely  discloses  the  process  of  making  duplicate 
reoords  whioh  consists  in  rotating  a  hot  mold  at  a  high 
speed  and  introducing  molten  material  therein,  so  that  tho 
material  will  be  oompressed  by  oentrifugal  force  against 
the  reoord  surfaoe  and  be  uniformly  distributed  over  tho 
same,  and  upon  oooling,  a  homogeneous  duplicate  reoord 
will  be  formed.  Aylsworth  patent  No.  782,375  aisoloses  a 
wax-like  composition  for  making  auplioate  phonograph  reoords . 


(3) 


The  Examiner  takes  the  position  that  "The  method 
*  *  *  *  set  forth  in  the  nppealod  olnirna ,  appears  to 

be  only  an  aggregation  of  steps  and  even  of  the  oompos- 
ition  used  disclosed  in  the  Petit  ana  Aylsworth  patents." 

In  explanation  of  his  position  the  Examiner  states:  "The 

prosent  applioant  instead  of  adopting  the  Petit  method  of 
plaolng  the  body  portion  9,  within  the  film  and  mold  and 
forcing  the  body  portion  of  the  record  against  the  film, 
has  followed  the  Aylsworth  prooess  referred  to  by  the  ap¬ 
plioant  in  his  speoifioation  and  disclosed  in  the  Aylsworth 
patent.  ********  This  ohange  from  the 
Petit  to  the  Aylsworth  method  of  foroing  the  body  portion 
into  oontaot  with  the  film  is  not  thought  to  involve  inven¬ 
tion." 

It  is  sixbraitted  that  the  Petit  and  Aylsworth  pat- 
ents  do  not  anticipate  the  applicant's  claims  for  the  fol¬ 
lowing  rensons:- 

Pirat:  The  patent  to  Aylsworth  does  not  disclose 

a  prooess  for  foroing  the  body  portion  of  a  record  in  oon¬ 
taot  with  a  surfaoe  film  therefor,  and  surely  there  is  no 
suggestion  of  the  welding  of  a  protective  coating  to  a  wax¬ 
like  record,  as  called  for  by  the  applioant' a  olaims.  In 
order  to  rejeot  the  olaims  the  Examiner  finds  it  nooesBary 
to  substitute  the  simple  centrifugal  molding  prooess  indi¬ 
cated  by  Aylsworth  for  the  Petit  method  of  welding  a  "foun¬ 
dation"  to  a  surfaoe  veneer.  As  the  Aylsworth  patent  doei 
not  oontemplate  this  welding  feature,  the  Examiner's  posi¬ 
tion  seems  to  he  untenable. 


(4) 


Second:  Claim  1  oallB  for  "applying  to  said  mold 

a  film  of  material  adapted  to  hardon  the  surfaoe  of  the  ri-o- 
ord" .  and  Claim  8,  "mold inf?  a  raoord"  in  a  mold  ooated  with 
a  layer  of  oollodion  solution.  She  objeot  of  the  appli¬ 
cant's  invention  is  to  prodnoe  a  reoord  whioh  will  have  a 
hard  and  tough  wearing  surfaoc  and  whioh  will  at  the  same 
time  retain  the  good  moldablo  and  workable  qualities  of  the 
records  made  from  the  wax -like  compositions  now  need.  Yftiat 
the  claims  call  for,  then,  is  not  the  formation  of  a  compos¬ 
ite  reoord  of  the  type  disclosed  by  Petit,  but  the  provis¬ 
ion  of  a  wax -like  reoord  having  a  reoord  impression  therein 
and  provided  with  a  thin  film  or  protecting  coating.  Al¬ 
though  Figure  S  of  the  Petit  patent  of  record  discloses  a 
surface  veneer  whioh  has  an  irregular  backing,  a  more  in¬ 
spection  of  this  figure  will  indioato  that  tho  irregular¬ 
ities  in  the  backing  of  the  said  veneer  arc  not  exact  coun¬ 
terparts  of  the  record  impressions;  and  there  is  nothing 
in  the  Petit  specification  to  indioato  that  suoh  a  struotxire 
was  contemplated.  neither  of  the  Aylsworth  patents  dis¬ 
closes  a  reoord  of  the  type  whioh  it  13  the  applicant's 
object  to  produoe. 

1'hird:  Hone  of  the  patents  of  record  disoloaes  the 

combination  of  ooating  and  the  reoord  materials  called  for 
by  the  olaimo.  By  reason  of  the  good  molding  qualities  of 
the  wax-like  compositions  and  of  the  superior  wearing  qual¬ 
ities  of  other  tougher  and  harder  materials,  it  is  desirable 
to  form  a  reoord  of  the  former  materials  provided  with  a 
wearing  surface  of  the  latter  materials.  Neither  the  Petit 
nor  the  Aylsworth  patents  point  out  how  this  oan  be  done. 


(5) 


Evidently,  Potit  did  not  consider  his  process  suited  for 
uao  with  different  compositions  for  the  surfaoe  veneer  and 
the  foundation,  for  in  lines  14  to  28  on  page  2  of  his 
speoifioation  he  states  aB  follows :- 


"The  foundation  is  preferably  made  of  material 
adapted  to  bo  softened  and  oonnootod  by  heat  ana 
pro a sure  through  adhesion  to  the  duplioate  sound 
record  .'film',  and  the  material  of  the  foundation 
is  preferably  of  such  a  nature  as  to  carry  a  sub- 
stanoe  of  a  similar  nature  to  that  composing  the 
film,  elthor  by  being  impregnated  with,  or  by  hav¬ 
ing  an  applied  surfaoe  ooating  of,  suoh  material, 
bo  that  the  oonneotion  formed  betwoon  the  two  by 
heat  and  pressure  may  be  a  Dementing  action. 

The  material  of  the  foundation  may  bo  and  prefer¬ 
ably  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  film,  but  loaded 
with  pigment  to  give  body  and  ohoapness." 


It  is  furthermore  pointed  out  that  as  the  mater¬ 
ial  of  Petit’s  foundation  is  merely  rendered  plastio  and 
is  not  melted  or  fused,  the  pressing  of  the  same  against  a 
thin  surfaoe  film  suoh  as  that  oontemplnted  by  the  appli- 
oant  would  be  apt  to  tear  or  otherwise  injure  the  said  film 
Neither  of  the  Aylsworth  patents  of  reoord  disoloses  a  rec¬ 
ord  having  superposed  layers  of  different  materials. 

The  prooesses  outlined  by  the  applioant  in  whioh 
the  material  of  the  reoord  is  molded  and  welded  to  the  sur¬ 
faoe  coating  by  introducing  the  said  material  into  the  mold- 
in  a  molten  condition  have  rendered  possible  the  solution 
of  the  hitherto  unsolved  problem  of  providing  a  wax-like 
reoord  with  a  hardened  surfaoe  ooating.  This  process  is 
assigned  for  an  object  different  from  any  oontemplated  in 
the  patents  of  rooord,  and  iB  not  disclosed  nor  suggested 
by  these  patents  taken  either  singly  or  oolleotively.  The 


(6) 


Honorable  Board  of  1  a amino  r a -In -Ch  1  o f  are  aucordingly,  In 
view  of  the  forogolng  remarks,  respeotfully  I'acjuasted  to 
adjudge  the  olaima  in  ioeuo  patentable  in  their  decision 
on  tliiB  appeal. 


P.espraofcfully  submitted. 


5H0KAS  A.  E  BIS  OH 


By 


Hie  Attorney 


Orange ,  Hew  Jersey 
AugUBt  ,  1911. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON  , _ _ 


.1'homan.  A  .  ]3d  i  s  on , 

q/o  Fro.nk  Atty  . , 

. OrfinRe , . 

. . . 


Sir: 


OCT  6  1911  1) 


Inclosed  find  copy  of  deoision  this  day  rendered  by  the 

Iex  parte  ) 

case  of . 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  Serial  Ho.  421,887. 


By  direction  of  the  Commissioner: 


Very  respectfully, 


J.H.S, 


Appeal  No.  4224.  U.  S.  PATENT  OFFICE.  October  6,  1S11. 

Before  the  Examiners- in- Chief ,  on  Appeal. 

Application  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  for  a  patent  for  an  improve¬ 
ment  in  rr.ocoss  of  Making  phonograph  Heoorda,  filed  March  18,  1908, 
3erial  No.  421,887. 


Mr.  Prank  L.  Dyer,  attorney  for  appellant. 


The  applicant  has  appealed  from  the  notion  of  the  primary  ex¬ 
aminer  finally  rejecting  the  following  claims. - 


1 .  A  process  of  making  a  phonograph  reoord  which  con¬ 
sists  in  providing  a  mold  carrying  a  negative  impression  of 
the  record,  applying  to  said  mold  a  film  of  material  adapted 
to  harden  the  surface  of  the  record,  drying  the  mold,  rotat¬ 
ing  the  mold,  introducing  therein  a  wax-like  composition  in 
molten  oondition,  and  molding  the  same  by  centrifugal  action 
in  intimate  contact  with  the  hardened  surface  film,  cooling 
the  reoord  so  made,  and  withdrawing  from  the  mold  the  finish¬ 
ed  reoord  of  wax-like  composition  having  a  hardened  ourface 
film  intimately  welded  thereto,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

2.  The  prooess  of  making  a  phonograph  record,  whioh  con¬ 
sists  in  providing  a  mold  oarrying  a  negative  impression  of 
the  record,  coating  the  mold  with  a  layer  of  collodion  solu¬ 
tion,  molding  a  record  therein  from  wax-like  composition, 
thereby  causing  collodion  to  be  intimately  welded  to  the  wax¬ 
like  composition  at  its  surface,  allowing  the  record  so  formed 
to  contract  and  withdrawing  it  longitudinally  from  the  mold, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


The  references  cited  are:- 

Petit,  689,408,  December  24,  1901, 
Aylsworth,  856,605,  June  4,  1907, 
Aylaworth,  782,375,  February  14,  1905. 


We  find  no  error  in  the  aotion  of  the  primary  examiner  reject¬ 
ing  the  appealed  olaime  upon  the  patent  to  Petit,  taken  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  Aylsworth  patents.  Petit  dieoloses  a  prooess  of 
making  phonograph  records  which  consists  in  applying  a  film  of 


#4224—2. 

material  to  a  mold  carrying  a  negative  impression  of  the  reoord, 
which  film  of  material  is  adapted  to  harden  the  surfaoe  of  the 
record,  allowing  the  film  to  dry  and  Introducing  thereinto  a  sub¬ 
stance  to  form  the  base  of  the  record  and  pressing  and  molding  the 
substance  of  the  base,  when  softened  by  heat,  into  intimate  con¬ 
tact  with  the  hardened  surface  film.  We  find  in  this  process  of 
Petit  substantially  the  same  prooeos  that  is  defined  in  claim  1. 

petit  does  not  mention  any  rotation  of  the  mold  in  the  appli¬ 
cation  of  the  sub itance  of  the  base  to  the  surface  film.  He  does 
suggest,  hov/ever,  the  application  of  the  surface  film  to  the  mold 
by  centrifugal  notion.  We  fail  to  perceive  that  the  adoption  by 
the  applicant  of  this  well  known  method  of  flowing  one  substance 
over  an  inside  surface  in  applying  his  wax-like  composition  to  his 
surfaoe  film  involved  invention.  Claim  1  limits  the  substance  with 
which  the  surface  film  of  the  reoord  is  backed  to  a  wax-like  compo¬ 
sition.  petit  does  not  state  the  composition  of  the  backing  of 
his  record,  but  he  does  state  that  it  1b  softened  by  heat  and  forms 
an  intimate  contact  by  adhesion  with  the  surface  film  upon  being 
pressed  into  contact  therewith  while  in  softened  condition,  'i'o 
this  extent  the  petit  backing  is  wax-like.  To  substitute  in  the 
Petit  process  the  use  of  an  entirely  wax-like  composition  for  the 
corresponding  substance  used  by  petit  would  not  involve  invention, 
in  view  of  the  common  use  of  wax-like  compositions  in  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  records  for  phonographs,  of  which  Aylsworth,  #782,375,  fur¬ 
nishes  an  example. 

The  procese  set  forth  in  claim  2  is  also  substantially  that 
of  Petit,  so  far  as  the  question  of  invention  is  concerned.  This 
claim  is  not  limited  to  the  use  of  centrifugal  action.  It  is 
limited  to  a  colloidal  solution  as  the  substance  of  which  the  ooat- 
ing  of  the  mold  and  the  surface  of  the  record  is  formed,  petit, 
however,  suggests  the  use  of  collodion  for  this  purpose  . 

The  applioant,  in  his  argument, makes  referenoe  to  the  pro- 


#4224—  3. 

duotion  of  a  groove  in  the  wax  backing  corresponding  to  the  record 
groove.  Neither  of  the  claims  is  limited  to  this  feature.  Each  of 
them  would  be  infringed,  so  far  as  this  feature  is  concerned,  by 
the  retit  process,  in  which  this  feature  does  not  appear  to  be 
present.  Moreover,  if  the  claims  were  so  limited  they  would  not 
be  allowable  because  this  feature  doeB  not  appear  to  be  of  conse¬ 
quence,  so  far  as  the  process  of  making  the  record  is  concerned. 
The  importance  of  this  feature  seems  to  lie  in  its  relation  to  the 
saving  of  surface  material,  but  this  is  a  result  whioh  portains  to 
the  article  rather  than  to  the  prooesB  of  making  the  same. 

The  action  of  the  primary  examiner  finally  rejecting  the  ap¬ 
pealed  olaims  is  affirmed. 


Fairfax  Bayard, 

T  .  G.  Steward, 
Frank  C.  Skinner, 


Examiners- in- Chi ef . 


OV.-W-  &?rr 


Mr.  Dyer: 

Folios  585.  386  and  588. 

All  of  the  claims  in  the  above  applications  have 
been  rejected  by  the  Patent  Office  and  the  rejections 
sustained  by  the  Board  of  Examiners-in-Chief .  Mr.  Edison 

has  stated  that  the  said  applications  are  e$  ncrf^mportance 
to  us.  I  think  there  is  no  chance  of  securing  the 
rejected  claims  by  further  appeal.  Please  advise  me  whether 
or  not  to  drop  the  applications  in  question. 


petition 


<Eo  tfje  Commissioner  of  patents: 

l?our  petitioner  a.  T:raroiT 

a  citizen  of  tfje  ©nitcb  States,  resibing  anb  fjabing  a  $ost  ©ffice  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  tfcntt!}-  of  Jlseex  and  fttute  of  Hew  jersey, 


praps  tfjat  letters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  bint  for  tfje  improbements  in 

PKOHOCTATO  T’fCOKDS  [{peuu,  Q, ) 


Set  fortfj  in  tfje  nntiexeb  specification;  anb  fje  fjerebp  appoints  jfranfe  JL.  ©per 
(Registration  i?o.  560),  of  ©range,  Jieto  3ferSep,  fjis  attornep,  tnitfj  full 
potoer  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  tfjis  application,  to  mabe 
alterations  anb  amenbments  tfjerein,  to  reccibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all¬ 
business  in  tfje  patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjeretoitfj. 


fj'iuryncid  Q>  Eclt&rpi) 


SPECIFICATION 


TO  ALL  \7HOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOW,  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn  Park,  Orange, 
County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  have  invented 
certain  new  and  useful  improvements  in  PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS, 
of  whi.ch  the  following  is  a  description: - 

The  wax- like  compositions  now  in  common  use  for 
making  phonograph  records,  such,  for  example,  as  those 
described  in  patent  No.  782,375,  granted  to  Jonas  W.  Ayls- 
worth,  have  qualities  v/hich  make  them  specially  well  adapt¬ 
ed  for  this  purpose.  Such  materials  can  he  readily  molded, 
give  an  accurate  copy  of  the  surface  of  the  mold  or  matrix, 
and  after  being  molded  can  be  reamed  out  and  trimmed  off 
and  otherwise  worked  with  great  facility.  Phonograph 
records  can  be  made  from  these  materials  at  low  cost, 
with  simple  machinery  and  by  very  cheap  labor.  It  is  a 
fact,  however,  that  records  made  from  these  wax-like  com¬ 
positions  and  made  as  is  now  the  ooramon  practice,  with  sub¬ 
stantially  one  hundred  record  grooves  to  the  inch,  after 
being  subjected  to  a  large  number  of  reproductions  in  the 
phonograph,  show  signs  of  wear,  and  the  character  of  the 
reproduction  obtained  therefrom  deteriorates.  Obviously, 
such  records  will  be  more  rapidly  worn  when  a  narrower 
record  groove  and  a  reproducing  stylus  of  correspondingly 
decreased  size  are  made  use  of.  It  is  desirable,  therefore 
that  a  record  be  made  v/hich  will  have  a  harder  and  tougher 
v/earing  surfaoe  and  v/hich  v/ill  at  the  same  time  retain  the 


-1- 


good  moldable  and  workable  qualities  of  the  records  made 
from  the  wax-like  compositions  now  used. 

The  object  of  the  present  invention  is  to  pro¬ 
vide  a  record  of  the  sort  just  described  made  from  wax  or 
wax-like  composition^and  having  a  hardened  wearing  surfaoe . 
The  material  which  I  use  for  imparting  a  hardened  wearing 
surface  to  the  record  is  a  mixture  of  nitrated  oellulose 
and  shellac,  dissolved  in  a  suitable  solvent,  such,  for 
example,  as  amyl  aoetate.  This  mixture  is  specially  adapt¬ 
ed  for  this  purpose,  sinoe  the  collodion  solution  of  cellu¬ 
lose  is  adapted  to  impart  very  great  toughness,  while  the 
Bhellao  greatly  increases  the  hardness  of  the  surface  film. 

In  the  practice  of  my  invention,  I  may  immerse  a 
phonograph  record,  either  an  original  or  duplicate,  which 
has  been  made  in  any  of  the  usual  ways,  from  the  usual  wax¬ 
like  compositions,  in  a  solution  of  nitrated  cellulose  and 
shellac,  dissolved  in  a&yl  acetate,  or  other  equivalent 
solvent,  and  after  immersing  the  record  in  this  solution 
I  withdraw  it  therefrom,  leaving  a  thin  film  of  the  solution 
adhering  to  its  surface.  I  then  dry  this  film  upon  the 
record.  While  it  is  drying,  I  prefer  to  rotate  it  slowly 
upon  a  vertical  mandrel,  the  mandrel  being  placed  in  this 
position  bo  that  the  film  of  oollodion  and  shellac  will  not 
tend  to  collect  at  one  side  of  the  record.  After  the  film, 
which  iB  extremely  thih,  so  that  it  will  not  interfere  with 
or  obstruot  the  undulations  of  the  record  groove,  has  been 
dried,  I  place  it  in  a  heated  chamber  and  rotate  it  slowly, 
leaving  it  in  thisadhamber  until  the  wax-like  material  of 
the  record  has  become  somewhat  softened,  but  not  sufficient¬ 
ly  so  to  result  in  the  malformation  or  distortion  of  the 
record  groove.  The  effect  of  this  treatment  1b  to  weld 
the  film  to  the  record  so  that  when  cooled  it  will  have  a 
-2- 


surface  of  much  greater  hardness  and  toughneBS  than  the 
wax  record  previously  had,  and  the  reproducing  stylus  will 
not  tear  or  detach  the  film  from  the  wax-like  material  of 
the  record.  The  thickness  of  the  film  may  he  governed 
hy  regulating  the  strength  of  the  solution,  a  very  dilute 
solution  producing  a  thin  film,  as  will  he  understood,  and 
a  stronger  solution  a  thicker  film.  The  film  must  not  he 
thlok  enough  to  interfere  with  the  volume  of  sound  produced 
hy  the  record. 

Instead  of  first  forming  the  record  and  then  pro¬ 
ducing  a  hard  and  tough  surface  film  thereon,  as  above 
described,  the  film  may  he  first  formed  and  the  record 
he  then  molded  or  otherwise  produced,  in  which  case  the 
process  will  he  oeirried  into  effect  as  follows:-  I  take 
first  the  ordinary  mold  or  matrix  which  has  been  made  in 
metal  from  a  master  record  and  v/hich  is  used  for  molding 
duplicates,  and  apply  a  coating  of  the  solution  named  above 
to  the  negative  record  surface  of  this  mold  or  matrix. 

I  preferably  apply  this  material  to  the  mold  hy  immersing 
the  latter  in  the  solution  of  nitrated  cellulose  and  shellac 
in  amyl  acetate  or  an  equivalent  solvent.  And  after  the 
mold  is  withdrawn  from  the  solution,  I  preferably  allow  it 
to  dry  in  a  vertical  position  so  that  there  will  he  no 
tendency  for  the  solution  to  gather  at  one  side  of  the  mold 
and  so  produce  an  unduly  thick  film  at  that  side.  After 
it  has  been  dried,  so  that  substantially  all  of  the  volatile 
solvent  used  in  making  the  solution  has  been  eliminated, 

I  make  use  of  the  mold  f orjraoldingj a  record  therein,  using 
for  this  purpose  any  of  the  materials  well-known  in  the  art, 
hut  preferably  the  wax-like  composition  now  commonly  used 
for  thiB  purpose.  The  thickness  of  the  film  so  produoed 

-3- 


I  upon  the  mold  and  thereafter  transferred  to  the  exterior 
of  the  waxrlike  record,  may  he  controlled  by  varying  the 
I  strene*h  of  the  solution,  or  by  repeatedly  dipping  the  mold 
in  the  solution  and  drying  it  after  each  such  dipping, 
as  will  bo  understood.  77hen  the  record  of  wax-like  materi¬ 
al  is  molded  within  the  mold,  to  which  the  surface  harden¬ 
ing  film  has  thus  been  applied,  the  film  will  become  inti¬ 
mately  welded  to  the  wax-like  composition,  and  when  the 
latter  shrinks  away  from  the  mold,  this  surface  hardened 
film  will  be  carried  away  from  the  mold  by  the  wax-like 
composition  to  which  it  is  welded.  The  molding  may  be  done 
in  any  well-known  fashion,  either  by  dipping  the  mold  into 
the  moldable  material  and  allowing  it  to  congeal  on  the  in¬ 
ner  surface  of  the  mold,  and  then  withdrawing  the  mold  with 
its  coating  before  the  mold  itself  has  had  time  to  become 
heated,  as  disclosed  in  Patent  No.  683,615,  granted  to 
Miller  and  Aylsworth,  on  October  1,  1901,  or,  I  may  mold 
the  material  hy  pouring,  for  example,  as  disclosed  in  the 
patent  to  Maurice  Joyce,  No.  831,668,  dated  September  25, 
1906,  or,  I  may  mfike  use  of  centrifugal  force  fo.r  molding 
the  material,  the  mold  being  rapidly  rotated  during  the 
formation  of  the  record,  as  disclosed  in  patent  to  Jonas. 

A.  Aylsworth,  No.  855,605  dated  June  4,  1907,  or,  I  may 
make  uee  of  other  ways  known  in. the  art  for 'molding  the 
material.  In  any  case,  however.'  the  molding  is  done,  when 
the  material  is  placed  in  the  mold  and  allowed  to  cool  there ■ 
in,  the  film  of  collodion  which  .was  plaoed  upon  the  nega¬ 
tive  record  surface  of  the  mold  before  the  wax-like  or 
other  moldable  ma ter ial  was  introduced  therein,  will  be¬ 
come  firmly  and  intimately  welded  to  the  outer  surface  of 
such  material  in  such  a  way  that  when  the  record  is  used  for 
reproduction,  the  reproducing  stylus  will  not  detach  the 
surface  hardening  film. 


-4- 


It  is  evident  that  the  record  groove  and  the  undu¬ 
lations  thereof,  in  a  record  produced  in  this  manner,  v/ill 
he  entirely  unaffected  hy  the  presence  of  the  hardened 
surface  of  collodion  and  shellac  since  the  complete  record 
groove  will  he  accurately  molded  within  the  hardened  sur¬ 
face  film.  By  this  process  I  am  enabled  to  make  use  of  the 
surface  hardening  and  toughening  film  of  any  desired  thick¬ 
ness  and  in  no  manner  detraot  from  the  reproducing  quali¬ 
ties  of  the  rooordjv/hile  I  add  very  greatly  to  its  life  and 
wearing  qualities. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 

is :- 

1.  A  phonograph  'Sfcecord  of  wax-like  composition, 
having  a  hardened  and  tou^Wed  surf ace^’of^c oil o^io^^Tnd 
shellac,  substantially  as  se^forth.  1  .<■  - 

S.  A  phonograph  record  oXnoldable  wax-like  ma¬ 
terial,  having  on  its  surface  a  filSj  of  collodion  and 
shellac||.ntimately  ?;elded  thereto,  siX(i tan ti ally  as  set 

% 


-5- 


®f )is  specification  Signeb  anb  tuitneSSeb  tfjis  /  3  bap  of  X^>^Xl90  f 
Witnesses: 

l - tzL. OA^lIuji^j^UMU. _ . 


2 - £ iuvzxL 


©atb. 


g>tate  of  ijcto  JTersep  ) 
Count?  Of  CSSeX  j 


thomas  a.  guiKOH  ,  tfje  abobe  nameb 
petitioner,  being  bulp  Stoorn,  bepoSeS  anb  saps  tfjat  fje  is  a  citizen  of  tfje  ®niteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  of  Llewellyn  Park,  Ch'ange ,  Count, y  of  Msaex 
and  Statu  of  Hew  .Teraey; 


tfjat  fje  beritp  fieliebes  fjimSelf  to  be  tije  original,  first  anb  Sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbements  in  piiohospaph  records , 


beScribeb  anb  claitneb  in  tfje  annexeb  Specification;  tfjat  fje  boes  not  fenoto  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  tfjat  tfje  Same  toas  eber  fmobm  or  useb  before  Ijis  inbention  or 
biscober?  tfjereof;  or  patenteb  or  bescribeb  in  an?  printeb  publication  in  tfje 

finiteb  States  of  America  or  an?  foreign  countr?  before  fjis  inbention  or 

biscober?  tfjereof,  or  more  tfjan  ttoo  ?ears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  patenteb 
in  an?  countr?  foreign  to  tfje  fHniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  tfjan 
ttoelbe  montfjs  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  tfje 

fHniteb  States  for  more  tfjan  ttoo  ?ears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  anb  tfjat  no 

application  for  patent  upon  Saib  inbention  fjas  been  fileb  b?  fjim  or  fjis  legal 
representatibes  or  assigns  in  an?  foreign  countr?. 


&toorn  to  anb  SubScribeb  before  me  tfjis  /  5  bap  of  190  J* 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C.t  April  2  ,/908. 


Thomas  A.  Ed. i. son, 

Cara  Prank  L.  Dyer, 

Orange , yew  Jersey. 

YW  2  100!! 

i  >  s  f :  • 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  Phonograph  Records, filed  yarch  18, 1908, serial  number  421,884  . 


The  claims  »ro  rejected  in  view  of  the  patents  of, 

Petit, Deo.  24, 1901 ,#689, 408,  (181-18); 

Harris, ^eo.  11,1906,  #837,927,(181-17); 
V^lf^Adams-Randals  Eng.  Patent  ,#1058  of  1889,  (181-2),  and 
^ —  Emerson , Dec .  18,19(06,^838,968,  (181-11) . 

Applicant  is  requested  to  file  a  drawing  of  a  record  tablet 
having  insoribed  thereon  the  names  of  the  elements  constituting  the 


same 


IN  TICE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 
PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS  j 
Piled  March  18,  1908  ) 
Serial  No.  4-21,884  j 


Room  No. 


579 


HONOR ABU!  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  action  of 
April  2,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as 
follows: 

Claim  1,  line  2,  after  "surface"  insert  -  com¬ 
posed  -  .  Same  line,  after  "of"  insert  -  a  mixture  of  -  . 

REMARKS 

Applicant  will  file  a  drawing  of  a  record 
tablet  having  inscribed  thereon  the  names  of  the  elements 
constituting  the  same,  before  the  case  goes  to  issue. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims 
are  requested.  None  of  the  references  discloses  a  record 
of  wax-like  or  moldable  material  having  a  film  of  collod¬ 
ion  and  shellao  welded  to  the  surface  thereof.  The  near¬ 
est  reference  would  seem  to  be  Emerson,  who  discloses  a 
reoord  formed  entirely  of  a  composition  of  celluloid  in 
which  the  shellac  is  mixed.  This  1b,  however,  an  entirely 
different  thing  from  the  invention  claimed  by  applicant. 
The  disclosure  of  Adams-Randall  is  also  quite  different. 

In  his  process  a  backing  as  of  paper  iB  covered  with  wax, 


(1) 


collodion  or  the  like,  on  which  is  superimposed  a  layer 
of  powdered  plumbago,  which,  after  the  record  is  made,  is 
either  covered  with  a  layer  of  motallio  varnish  or  electro- 
lytically  deposited  copper.  In  applicant's  caBe,  the 
collodion  and  shellac  forming  the  tough  surface,  are 
thoroughly  admixed  to  form  a  unitary  composition. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 


Orange,  Now  Jersey 
Mar  oh  ,  1909 


;;d?79 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„ 


April  14  ,1909. 


Thomas  A,  Kdlaon, 

Oaro  prank  L,  Dyer, 
Orange,  New  jersey  . 


Please  find,  below  a  ct 


D.  S.  H'Mt  Of'FICK, 

APR  14  1909 

MAILED. 


tion  from,  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application , 
for  Phonograph  Records .filed  March  16,1908. serial  number  421,884. 


This  action  is  In  response  to  the  amendment  filed  the 
27th  ultimo. 

In  the  patent  of  Adams-Randall ,  cited,  it  is  shown  to 
he  old  to  provide  a  record  in  BOft  material  with  a  harder 
protective  coating.  It  must  he  held  by  the  examiner  that  it  is 
merely  an  uninvented  change  over  Adams-Randall  to  provide  a 
commonly  (knovm  wax-like  record  wLth  such  coating  of  a  material 
well  known  as  a  hard  record  surface  material  and  the  claims  must 
he  rejected  accordingly  . 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

Thomas  A.  Edison  : 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS  : 

Room  No.  379. 

Piled  March  18,  1908  : 

Serial  Ho.  421,884  : 

HONORABIE  COMMISSIONER  OR  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  April 
14,  1909,  please  amend  this  oase  as  follows: 

^  Cancel  the  Claims  and  substitute  the  following: 

/  A  phonograph  record  of  moldable  wax- like  com¬ 
position  having  the  record  groove  on. the  surface  thereof 
and  having  a  hardened  and  toughened  surfaoe  layer  or  film 
thereon  composed  of  a  mixture  of  collodion  and  shellac 
intimately  welded  thereto,  substantially  as  deBorlbed. 

REMARKS 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  this  applica¬ 
tion  as  amended  are  respectfully  requested.  The  olaimB 
have  been  canceled  and  a  n ew  one  substituted  therefor 
whioh  is  thought  to  distinguish  suff ioient^from  all  the 
references.  In  Adams-Randall ,  the  surfaoe  layer  is  not 
welded  to  the  wax  composition,  a  layer  of  graphite  being 
interposed  between  the  wax  and  the  base.  Neither  is  the 


(1) 


specific  surfacing  material,  namely,  a  mixture  of  collod¬ 
ion  and  shellac,  disclosed  in  this  reference  or  in  any 
other.  It  is  thought  that  applicant  is  the  first  to 
place  a  protective  coating  on  a  wax  surface  in  intimate 
engagement  thorowith. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 
By 

At  t  o  rno^. 

Orange,  N.  J. 

April  7th,  1910. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  d.  c.,  April  23,1910. 


Thorao.f3  A,  Edison, 

Care  Tronic  T<,  Dyer, 

0ran;;o ,  ev?  Jerney. 

Care  Edison  Laboratory. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 


APR  23  1910 
M  A  1  L  E  D . 


for  Phonograph  Records, filed  'torch  IS, 1908, norial  number  421,884. 


This  action  in  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  April 

8,1910. 

After  a  oaroful  consideration  nothing  patentable  Is 
found  in  the  claim  over  tlie  references  of  record  and  the  claim  ia 
finally  rojootod  upon  the  references  and  for  the  reasons  of  record. 


in  THIS  UNIT 'HU  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


THOMAS  A.  'EDISON,  ) 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS,  )  Room  No.  379. 

Piled  March  IS,  1908,  ) 

Serial  No.  421,884.  ) 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

I  hereby  appeal  to  the  Examiners-in- 
Chief  from  the  doc  1b ion  of  the  principal  Examiner  in  the 
matter  of  my  application  for  Letters  patent  for  PHONOGRAPH 
RECORDS,  filed  March.  18,  1908,  Serial  No.  421,884,  which 
on  the  twenty- third  day  of  April,  1910,  was  finally 
rejected.  The  following  are  the  points  of  the  decision 
upon  which  the  appeal  ie  taken: 

1.  The  Examiner  erred  in  rejecting  the  claims. 

2.  The  Examiner  erred  in  holding  the  olaims 
to  be  without  patentable  novelty. 

An  oral  hearing  iB  requested. 

Very  respectfully, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON, 

Orange,  New  Jersey, 

April  h 1911.  His  Attorney. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON 


The  oase  of 


191/, 

oLc&A-7A- 


[no.^  t/j  //#  will  be  heard  by  the  f^i““rs-inlchief 
/If  ^  day  of  (gfijjpi 191 /, 

Ls  the  J^KjCbfc  'oase  on  the  assignment  for  that  day. 

The  hearings  will  oommenoe  at  J  o 1 olook,  and  as  soon  as 
the  argument  in  one  oase  is  oonoluded  the  suooeeding  oase  will 


on  the 
It  i! 


be  taken  up. 

If  any  party,  or  his  attorney,  shall  not  appear  when  the 
oase  is  oalled,  his  right  to  an  oral  hearing  will  be  regarded 
as  waived; 


The  time  allowed  for  arguments  is  as  follows: 

Ex  parte  oases,  thirty  minutes; 

Motions,  thirty  minute’s,  each  side; 

Interference  appeals,  final  hearing,  one  hour  each  side. 

By  special  leave,  obtained  before  the  argument  is  oommenoed, 
the  time  may  be  extended. 

The  appellant  shall  have  the  right  to  open  and  conclude  in 
interference  cases,  and  in  suoh  case  a  full  and  fair  opening 
must  be  made . 


Briefs  in  interference  appeals  must  be  filed  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  Rule  147 . 

Respectfully, 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 


Application  of 
Thomas  A.  Edison,  for 
Phonograph  Records, 
Piled  I.Taroh  18,1908, 
Ser.  #  421,884, 

Atty:  Prank  L.  Dyer  . 


}  -K  I 

)  pefore  the  Hon.  Board  of 
j  Examiners-in-Chief  . 

) 

) 

) 


Examiner's  Statement  . 

This  is  an  appeal  from  the  Examiner's  final  rejection 
of  the  following  claim  : 

1.  A  phonograph  record  of  moldahle  wax-like  composition 
having  the  record  groove  on  the  surface  thereof  and  having  a 
hardened  and  toughened  surface  'layer  or  film  thereon  composed  of  a 
mixture  of  collodion  and  shellac  intimately  welded  thereto,  subst an¬ 
tially  as  described  . 

The  references  relied  upon  are: 

Petit , $^589, 408, Dec .  24 , 1 901 , (181-1S ) ; 
Aylsworth,#855,605,  June  4,1907,  same  olass,  and 
Aylsworth,#782,375,veb.  14,1905,  (181-17). 

Probably  Petit  alone  anticipates  the  claim,  exoept  for  the  material 
of  the  body  portion  or  foundation  of  the  record.  Petit  discloses 
in  Pigure  1  a  phonograph  record  having  a  body  or  foundation  9 
oovered  with  a  thin  film  of  toughened  or  hardened  material  8. 
petit  states  on  page  1,  line  28,  that  this  film  is  made  of  celluloid, 
gelatine,  lao,  oollodlon,  eto  (lac  and  shellac  are  the  same).  It 
is  true  that  the  present  applicant  Btates  that  the  collodion  and 
shell ao  are  mixed  but  if  it  is  old  as  shown  in  Petit  to  use 
oollodlon  and  also  to  use  lao  or  shellac,  it  is  not  believed  to 
involve  invention  to  UBe  a  mixture  of  the  two  out  of  which  to  make  the: 
film  of  toughened  material. . — 

The  patents  to  Aylsworth  show  it  to  be  old  to  make  the 

rocord  of  wax-like  composition. 

Respectfully  submitted: 

Examiner,  Division  XXIII  . 


April  24,1911 


IN  TUB  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPIOB 


Application  of  ) 

Thomna  A.  Edison  for  : 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS  : 

Piled  March  18,  1908  l 

Serial  No.  421,884  : 


Before  the  Honorable  Board 
of  Examiners -in-Chief 


APPELLANT'S  BRIEF 

This  Is  an  appeal  from  the  Examiner's  final 
rejection  of  the  following  olaim:- 


A  phonograph  reoorcl  of  moldable  wax-like  com¬ 
position  having  the  record  groove  on  the  surface 
thereof  and  having  a  hardened  and  toughened  sur- 
faoe  layer  or  film  thereon  composed  of  a  mixture  of 
oollodion  and  shellac  intimately  welded  thereto, 
substantially  as  described. 


The  applicant's  invention  relates  to  phonograph 
reoords,  and  more  particularly  to  a  reoord  of  readily  mold- 
able  material  which  has  a  tough  wearing  surfaoe  adapted  to 
be  subjeoted  to  a  large  number  of  reproductions  without 
sensible  wear-  V/ax-like  compositions  no w  in  common  use 
for  making  phonograph  reoords,  such,  for  example,  as  those 
described  in  patent  No.  782,375,  granted  to  Jonas  W.  Ayls- 
worth,  oan  be  readily  molded,  give  an  accurate  copy  of  the 
surfaoe  of  the  mold  or  matrix,  and  after  being  molded,  oan 
be  reamed  out  and  trimmed  off,  or  otherwise  worked  with 
great  faaility.  Phonograph  reoords  can  furthermore  be 
made  of  these  materials  at  low  oost,  with  simple  machinery, 
and  by  very  cheap  labor.  Reoords  made  from  those  wax-like 

(1) 


oompositions ,  however ,  after  being  subjected  to  a  large 
number  of  reproductions  on  n  phonograph,  chow  signs  of 
wear  and  the  oharaoter  of  the  reproductions  obtained  there¬ 
from  deteriorates.  It  is  desirable,  therefore,  that  a 
reoord  bo  made  whioh  will  have  a  harder  and  tougher  wearing 
surfaoe,  and  whioh  will  at  the  same  time  retain  the  good 
moldable  and  workable  qiialities  of  the  reoords  made  from 
the  wax-like  composition. 

The  applicant’s  invention  ooneists  in  the  pro¬ 
vision  of  a  reoord  of  moldable  wax-like  composition  having 
the  reoord  groove  on  the  surfaoe  thereof  and  having  there¬ 
on  a  hardened  and  toughened  surfaoe  layer  or  film  com¬ 
posed  of  a  mixture  of  collodion  and  shellac  intimately 
welded  to  the  wax-like  composition. 

In  order  to  indioate  how  this  surfaoe  film  can 
be  applied  to  the  reoord,  the  applicant  suggests  sevoral 
processes.  According  to  the  first  mentioned  process,  a 
phonograph  reoord  whioh  has  been  made  in  any  of  the  usual 
ways  from  the  usual  wax -like  compositions,  is  immersed  in 
a  solution  of  oollodion  and  shellao  dissolved  in  a  suitable 
solvent,  suoh  as  amyl  aoetate,  so  that  upon  withdrawing  tho 
reoord  from  the  solution,  a  thin  film  of  the  solution  ad¬ 
heres  to  the  same.  This  film  is  then  dried  upon  tho 
reoord,  the  latter  being  subsequently  placed  in  a  heated 
ohamber,  where  it  is  left  until  the  wax-like  material  of 
the  reoord  has  beoome  somewhat  softened,  but  not  suffioion;- 
ly  so  to  result  in  the  malformation  or  distortion  of  the 
reoord  groove.  This  treatment  welds  the  film  to  the 
reoord,  so  that  when  cola  it  will  have  a  film  of  suoh  hard- 


(2) 


ness  that  the  reproducing  Btylus  will  not  tear  or  detach 
tho  game  from  the  wax -like  material  of  the  reoord. 

The  npplioant  also  suggests  that  instead  of  first 
forming  the  reoord  and  then  produoing  a  hard  and  tough  sux- 
faoe  film  thereon,  the  film  may  be  formed  first,  and  the 
reoord  then  molded  or  otherwise  produoed  in  the  following 
manner:-  A  ooating  of  the  solution  of  the  reoord  composi¬ 
tion  is  applied  to  the  mold  as  by  dipping  the  latter  into 
the  solution,  and  after  withdrawal  from  tho  solution,  allow¬ 
ing  it  to  dry.  A  reoord  is  then  molded  in  the  ooated  mold 
from  any  of  the  well  known  wax -like  compositions.  The 
film  becomes  firmly  welded  to  the  wax -like  composition  dur¬ 
ing  the  molding,  so  that  when  the  reoord  shrinks  from  the 
mold,  tho  hardened  surface  film  will  be  oarried  from  the 
mold  with  the  wax-like  composition  to  which  it  is  welded. 

The  claim  is  rejected  upon  the  following  patents: - 

Petit,  No.  689,408,  Deoemher  84,  1901; 

Aylsworth,  No.  782,375,  February  14,  1905; 

Aylsworth,  No.  855,605,  June  4,  1907. 

The  Examiner  explains  the  re jootion  by  stating  that  '  •' 

Petit  discloses  a  phonograph  reoord  having  a  body  portion  or 
foundation  oovered  with  a  thin  film  of  toughened  or  herdoned 
material,  the  materials  oomprising  the  mixture  employed  by 
the  applicant  for  the  surfaoo  film  being  mentioned  by  Petit 
individually,  but  not  as  a  mixture,  and  tho  wax -like  compos¬ 
ition  for  the  reoord  being  disclosed  by  AylBworth. 

The  Examiner  seems  to  have  loot  eight  of  one  of  the 
prinoipal  features  of  the  invention,  namely,  that  the  reoord 

(3) 


groove  is  formed  on  the  surface  of  the  mold able  wax -like 
composition.  "his  feature  is  not  disoloaed  in  any  of  the 
referenoes  of  record.  The  patent  to  l’otit,  which  appears 
to  he  the  principal  reference  relied  upon  hy  the  Examiner 
disoloses  in  Figure  3  a  surface  film  which  has  a  somewhat 
irregular  interior  surface,  hut  a  mere  inspection  of  this 
figure  indicates  that  the  inner  surfaoe  of  the  film  does 
not  contain  an  aoourate  oopy  of  the  reoord  impression. 
Petit's  intention  was  evidently  to  build  up  a  composite 
reoord  having  a  record  bearing  surfaoe  veneer,  and  a 
foundation  (not  a  reoord)  of  a  similar  material,  whereas 
the  applicant's  object  was  to  apply  to  the  surfaoe  of  a 
oomplete  wax-like  reoord  a  suitable  hardor  and  tougher 
protective  coating.  That  Eotit  did  not  have  in  mind  the 
applicant's  invention  is  indicated  by  his  reference  to  the 

inner  portion  of  his  reoord  ub  a  "foundation"  or  "oylindri 
(not  a  reoord). 

oal  shell",/  (See  line  6,  page  2)  Neither  of  the  patents 
to  AylBWorth  disoloses  this  feature  of  !he  applicant's 
invention. 

She  Kxaminor  furthermore  takes  the  ground  that 
as  long  as  the  various  materials  of  the  compositions,  spooi 
fied  in  the  claim  for  the  surfaoe  layer  and  reoord  have 
been  separately  referred  to  as  suitable  for  making  phono¬ 
graph  reoords,  their  combination  in  the  manner  set  forth 
in  the  claim  in  issue  does  not  involve  invention.  In  the 
first  plaoe,  it  is  pointed  out  that  neither  the  patent  to 
Petit  nor  any  of  the  other  patents  of  reoord  disoloses  a 
"mixture  of  oollodion  and  Bhellao"  for  the  surfaoe  layer 
of  the  reoord,  Petit  merely  mentioning  the  use  of  these 


(4) 


materinls  separately.  In  reference  to  the  materials  em¬ 
ployed  by  the  applicant ,  it  is  submitted  that  even  if  these 
various  materials  are  separately  old,  there  is  invention  in 
combining  them  as  set  forth  in  the  claim.  By  reason  of 
the  good  molding  qualities  of  the  wqx-lilce  compositions  and 
of  the  superior  wearing  qualities  of  the  mixture  of  collod¬ 
ion  and  Bhollao  called  for  by  the  claim  in  issue,  it  iB 
desirable  to  form  a  reoord  of  the  former  materials  pro¬ 
vided  with  a  wearing  Burf ace  of  the  latter  materials. 
Neither  the  Petit  nor  the  AylBworth  patents  point  out  how 
this  can  be  done.  In  lines  14  to  18,  page  8  of  his  patent 
of  record.  Petit  stetos  as  follows :- 


"The  foundation  is  preferably  made  of  material 
adapted  to  be  softened  and  connected  by  heat  and 
pressure  through  adhesion  to  the  duplicate  sound 
reoord  film,  and  the  material  of  the  foundation  is 
preferably  of  Buoh  a  nature  as  to  carry  a  substance 
of  similar  nature  to  that  composing  the  film,  either 
by  being  impregnated  with,  or  by  having  an  applied 
surfaoe  ooating  of,  suoh  material,  so  that  the 
connection  formed  betweeh  the  two  by  heat  and 
pressure  may  be  a  oemeriting  aotion.  The  material 
of  the  foinidation  may  be  and  preferably  is  the  same 
as  that  of  the  film,  but  loaded  with  pigment  to 
give  body  and  cheapness . " 


In  view  of  this  statement,  Petit's  prooess  is 
evidently  not  designed  for  use  in  oonneotion  with  different 
materials  suoh  aB  those  specified  in  the  olaim  in  issue. 

The  Aylsworth  patents  also  offer  no  suggestion  how  the 
wax-like  materials  mentioned  therein  oan  be  welded  to  ap¬ 
plicant's  speoifio  surfnoe  composition. 

It  is  furthermore  pointed  oxit  that  as  the  mater¬ 
ial  of  Petit's  foundation  is  merely  rendered  plastio  and 


(5) 


is  not  molted  or  fused,  the  pressing  of  the  same  against 
a  thin  surface  film  svioh  as  that  contemplated  by  the  appli¬ 
cant  would  be  apt  to  tear  or  otherwise  injure  the  said 
film.  By  the  applicant's  processes  as  outlined  in  the 
specification,  this  objection  iB  obviated,  ana  the  secure 
welding  together  of  the  wax-like  rooord  and  its  surfaoe 
abating  is  rendered  possible. 

The  applicant,  therefore,  by  nev?  processes,  has 
produced  an  article  not  disclosed  in  the  prior  art  and  one 
whioh  evidently  oould  not  be  produced  by  the  processes 
heretofore  known;  and  the  Honorable  Board  of  Examiners - 
in-Chiof  are  accordingly,  in  view  of  the  foregoing  re¬ 
marks,  respectfully  requested  to  adjudge  the  olaim  in 
issue  patentable  in  their  decision  on  this  appeal. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  As  EDISON 

By  _ 

His  Attorney 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey 
August  ,  1911. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON 


3 


.Thomas. .A..  Edison, . 

o/o .  1’rnnlc  L  ...  Dy.ei’ ,  .  Atty . , 
. Orp-nge.,... . 

N.  J. 

Sir: 


Inclosed  find  copy  of  deoision  this  day  rendered  by  the 
(.  ex  parte  ] 

Examiners  in  Chief  in  the  case  of . 

( ftttWRfieaKBftfee) 

. . . Thomas  A.  Edison, . aerial.  Mo.,.  421,884. 


By  direction  of  the  Commissioner: 


Very  respeotfully. 


Appeal  llo  .  4225 


3.  PATENT  OFFICE . 


October  6, 


1911. 


Before  the  Examiners- in-Chief ,  on  Appeal  . 

Application  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  for  a  patent  fo.r  an  improve¬ 
ment  in  phonograph  Records,  filed  March  18,  1908,  serial  Ho. 
421,884. 

Hr.  Frank  I,.  Dyer,  attorney  for  appellant  . 

The  applicant  hae  appealed  from  the  action  of  the  primary  ex¬ 
aminer  finally  rejecting  the  following  claim: - 

"A  phonograph  record  of  moldable  v/ax-like  composition 
having  the  reoord  groove  on  the  surface  thereof  and  having 
a  hardened  and  toughened  surface  layer  or  film  thereon  com¬ 
posed  of  a  mixture  of  collodion  and  shellac  intimately  weld¬ 
ed  thereto,  substantially  aB  described." 

The  references  cited  are;- 

Petit,  689,408,  December  24,  1901, 

Aylsworth.855,605,  June  4,  1907, 

Aylaworth.782,370,  February  14,  1905. 

We  find  no  error  in  the  action  of  the  primary  examiner  finally 
.rejecting  the  appealed  claim  upon  the  patent  to  Petit,  taken  in 
connection  with  the  Aylsworth  patents.  The  grounds  of  our  position 
are  in  the  main  those  set  forth  in  our  decisions  of  even  date  here¬ 
with  in  appellant's  applications  # 421,886  and  #421,887.  Here,  as 
in  those  cases,  the  claim  is  not  limited  to  a  groove  in  the  backing 
corresponding  to  the  record  groove,  and  here,  aB  in  application  No. 
421,886,  the  claim  would  not  be  allowable  if  it  were  so  limited, 
the  British  patent  to  Adams-Randall ,  of  record,  sufficiently  sug¬ 
gesting  such  a  construction  •  Moreover,  there  is  no  relation  be¬ 
tween  the  specific  coating  to  which  the  appealed  claim  iB  directed 


tf 4222—2, 


and  a  groove  corresponding  to  the  record  groove  made  in  the  materi¬ 
al  of  the  backing  which  might  justify  the  inclusion  of  both  of 
these  features  in  a  single  claim.  The  references  do  not  specifi¬ 
cally  mention  a  mixture  of  collodion  and  shellac  for  the  surface 
material,  but  the  patent  to  Petit  suggests  the  use  of  these  materi¬ 
als  separately  for  thin  purpose.  Ordinarily,  invention  is  not  in¬ 
volved  in  the  use  of  a  mixture  of  substances,  each  of  which  has 
been  before  used  in  the  position  under  consideration.  Such  mix¬ 
ing  is  frequently  adopted  in  the  arts  generally,  in  order  to  get  an 
average  of  the  desirable  qualities  of  different  substances,  or  to 
get  eaoh  of  several  desirable  qualities  separately  possessed  by 
them,  It  has  not  been  shown  and  we  do  not  perceive  that  this  case 
presents  any  exception  to  the  ordinary  rule  in  this  respect. 

The  action  of  the  primary  examiner  finally  rejecting  the  ap¬ 
pealed  claim  is  affirmed. 


Fairfax  Bayard, 

T.  G.  Steward, 

Frank  C.  Skinner, 

Examiners- in- Chief . 


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^Petition. 


®o  tfjc  Commissioner  of  patents: 

i’our  petitioner  thohas  a.  edisoh 
a  citijen  of  tfje  ©niteb  States,  residing  anb  fjabing  a  Post  Office  abbreSS  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  Hew  Jersey; 


praps  tfjat  letters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  fjim.for  tfje  improbentents  in 

PHOHOGHAPH  RECORDS,  { %CUA't% | 


Set  fortfj  in  tfje  annexeb  specification;  anb  Ije  fjerebp  appoints  jfranb  TL.  ©per 
(Registration  J2o.  560),  of  ©range,  J2eto  3foi&P>  fjfe  attornep,  Un'tfj  fnU 
potoer  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  this  application,  to  make 
alterations  anb  amenbments  tfjerein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tfje  Patent  Office  connecteb  tfjerebjitfj. 


'LCLV  CO:  _ 


-  SPECIFICATION  - 


TO  ALL  WHOM  I1‘  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON,  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States,  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn  Parle, 
Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  have  in¬ 
vented  certain  new  and  useful  improvements  in  PHONOGRAPH 
RECORDS,  of  which  the  following  is  a  description:- 


The  wax-lilce  compositions  now  in  common  use  for 
making  phonograph  records,  such,  for  example,  as  that 
described  in  patent  No.  782,375,  granted  to  Jonas  W.  Ayls- 
worth,  have  qualities  which  make  them  specially  adapted 
for  this  purpose.  Such  materials  can  he  readily  molded, 
give  an  acourate  copy  of  the  surface  of  the  mold  or  matrix, 
and  after  being  molded  can  be  reamed  out  and  trimmed  off 
and  otherwise  worked  with  great  facility.  Phonograph 
records  can  be  made  from  these  materials  at  low  cost, 
with  simple  machinery  and  by  very  cheap  labor.  It  is  a 
fact,  however,  that  records  made  from  these  wax-like  com¬ 
positions  and  made  as  is  now  the  common  practice,  with 
substantially  one  hundred  record  grooves  to  the  inch, 
after  being  subjected  to  a  large  number  of  reproductions 
on  the  phonograph,  show  signs  of  wear  and  the  character 
of  the  reproduction  obtained  therefrom  is  not  so  good 
as  at  first.  Obviously,  such  records  would  be  more  rapidly 
worn  if  a  narrower  record  groove  and  a  reproducing  stylus 
of  correspondingly  decreased  size  are  made  use  of]  It  is 

A 

desirable,  therefore,  that  a  record  be  made  which  v/ill 
have  a  harder  and  tougher  wearing  surface  and  which  will 


-1- 


at  the  same  time  retain  the  good  Biddable  and  'workable 
qualities  of  the  reoorde  made  from  the  wax-like  composi¬ 
tions  now  used. 

The  object  of  my  invention  is  to  provide  a 

record  of  the  sort  just  described,  made  from  v/ax  or  wax- 
V 

like  composition^ and  having  a  hardened  wearing  surface. 

My  invention  also  comprises  a  novel  process  for  making 
such  a  record.  In  the  practice  of  my  invention  I  prefer¬ 
ably  take  a  duplicate  or  original  phonograph  record,  which 
has  been  made  in  any  of  the  usual  ways  from  the  usual  wax- 
like  composition,  and  immerse,  it  in  a  solution  of  nitrated 
cotton  in  any  of  the  ordinary  solvents  used  for  this  pur¬ 
pose,  as  for  example,  acetate  of  amyl,  which  is  commonly  ' 
made  ubs  of  for  providing  a  liquid  solution  from  which 
films  are  made  for  photographic  use.'  I  may,  if  desired, 
add  a  small  percentage  of  camphor  to  the  nitrated  cotton, 
thus  making  a  celluloid  collodion  solution,  but  this  may 
be  dispensed  with, 

/  3  After  immersing  the  record  in  this  solution,  I 

withdraw  it  therefrom,  leaving  a  thin  film  of  the  solution 
adhering  to  its  surface.  I  then  dry  this  film  upon  the 
record.  While  it  is  drying  I  prefer  to  rotate  it  slowly 
upon  a  vertical  mandrel,  the  mandrel  being  placed  in  this 
position  so  that  the  film  of  collodion  will  not  tend  to 
collect  at  one  side  of  the  reoord.  ,  After  the  film,  which 
is  extremely  thin,  so  that  it  will  not  interfere  with  or 
obstruct  the  undulations  of  the  reoord  groove,  has  been 
dried,  I  place  it  in  a  heated  chamber  and  rotate  it  slowly, 

.  leaving  it  in  thiB  chamber  until  the  wax-like  material  of 
•the  record  has  beoome  somewhat  softened,  but  not  sufficient' 
so  to  result  in  the  information  or  distortion  of  the 
-2- 


record  groove.  The  effect  of  this  treatment  is  to  weld 
the  film  to  the  record,  so  that  when  cooled  the  latter 
•will  have  a  surface  of  much  greater  hardness  and  toughness 
than  the  wax  record  previously  had,  and  owing  to  the  weld¬ 
ing  of  the  film  in  place,  the  reproducing  styluB  will  not 
tear  or  detach  the  film  from  the  wax-like  material  of  the 
record.  I  The  thickness  of  the  film  may  he  governed  hy 
regulating  the  strength  of  the  solution,  a  very  dilute 
solution  producing  a  thin  film,  as  will  be  understood, 
and  a  stronger  solution  a  thicker  film.  The  film  must 
obviously  not  be  thick  enough  to  interfere  with  the  volume 
of  sound  produced  by  the  record. 

Having  no w  described  my  invention,  I  claim: - 

1.  A  phonograph  record  of  wax-like  composition 
and  having  a  hardened  collodion  sm-face,  substantially 
aa  sot  forth. 

2.  A  phonograph  reoord  of  moldablo  v/ax-liko 
material  and  having  on  its  surface  a  film  of  collodion 
intimately  welded  thereto,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

3.  The  process  of  imparting  a  surface  hardening 

to  a  phonograph  record  of  wax-like  material,  which  consists 
in  coating  a  .record  v/ith  a  film  of  surface  hardening  ma¬ 
terial,  in  drying  this  coating  and  in  welding  the  coating 
to  the  wax-like  composition,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

4.  The  proooss  of  imparting  a  surfaoe  hardening 

to  a  phonograph  record  of  wax-like  material,  which  consists 
in  coating  the  record  with  a  film  of  collodion  solution, 
in  drying  this  coating  and  in  welding  the  coating  to  the 
wax“^:I-*£e  composition  by  the  action  of  heat,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 


-3- 


3.  The  process  of  imparting  a  surface  hardening 
to  the  phonograph  record  of  wax-like  material  which  con¬ 
sists  in  coating  the  record  v/ith  a  film  of  collodion  so¬ 
lution,  in  rotating  the  record' about  a  vertical  axis  to 
dry  it,  and  in  heating  the  record  to  weld  the  surface 
coating  thereto,  and  allowing  the  record  to  cool,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 


®f)is  Specification  Signeb  anb  toitneSSeb  this  ' 3  bap  of  /W^Xi90  f 

_ £- l^LcrWLCVU  Ci  FcLld^nsO _ 

Witnesses: 

l . _ H^aicimIs  ■  £)ujAJ _ 

Liuik-u 


0atb, 


g>tatc  of  J2eto  3ferSep  } 
Count?  of  Cssex  ) 


thomas  a.  Edison,  ,  the  abobe  nameb 
petitioner,  being  btilp  stoorn,  beposes  anb  saps  tfjat  fje  is  a  citizen  of  tlj^fHniteb 
states,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex 
and  State  of  Hew  Jersey; 


tfjat  fje  berilp  beliebeS  himself  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  Sole  inbentor  of  the 
improbements  in  phonograph  records, 


bescribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tfje  annexeb  Specification:  tfjat  fje  boes  not  fenoto  anb 
boes  not  befiebe  tfjat  tfje  same  bias  eber  bnobm  or  useb  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscoberp  thereof ;  or  patenteb  or  bescribeb  in  anp  printeb  publication  in  tfje 

fElniteb  States  of  America  or  anp  foreign  countrp  before  fjis  inbention  or 

biscoberp  thereof,  or  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  or  patenteb 
in  anp  countrp  foreign  to  the  fSniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
ttoelbe  months  prior  to  this  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  the 

fUniteb  States  for  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  anb  that  no 

application  for  patent  upon  saib  inbention  has  been  fileb  bp  hint  or  fjis  legal 
representatibes  or  assigns  in  anp  foreign  countrp. 


- -C  Cb ■ 

Stoorn  to  anb  SubScribeb  before  me  this  /J  bap  of  190  t 

_ \Jrl\dl-JyuJtJs _ 

[S>eal]  (j  jSotarp  public. 


S —800. 


should  bo  addrcfcilxlj^*'  J*  H»  D#  “•Xj. 


317 

SJiraawi** 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 


WASHINGTON,  I 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

Care  prank  L.  Dyer, 
Orange, New  jersey  , 


Please  find  below  a  communication  pom,  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  a/i/tUeatlon, 

for  Phonograph  Records, filed  March  18,. 1908, serial  number  421,885  . 


Applicant  is  requested  to  file  a  drawing  of  a  tablet 
having  insoribed  thereon  the  names  of  the  elements  constituting  the 
same  and  also  a  diagrammatic  nx  illustration  of  the  steps  of  the 
process  claimed  . 

Claims  1  and  2  specify  a  record  which  may  be  made  by 
processes  other  than  that  specified  in  the  remaining  claims  and 
accordingly  division  must  be  required  to  the  end  that  claims  1  and  2 
be  presented  in  one  application  and  claims  3,  4  and  5  in  another 
application  . 

In  amending,  applicant  may  consider  the  following  patents: 

/  Pet it, pec.  24,1901 ,#689,408, (181-16),  and 
/  Harris, peo.  11, 1906, #837, 927, (181-17) . 


Folio  No . 3.88 . 

Applicant. 

Address. 

. 

■teL./L.  : . 

. . . 

■  /  ' . 'r .  .  . . : . . 

l/  '  • 

Filed . .  Examiner’s  Room  No . ’^7^7 


Assignee . . 

Ass’g’t  Exec . . Recorded . Liber. . Page. 


Patent  No . . .  Issued.. 


ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY. 


petition 


VLo  tfje  ©ommisisfioner  of  patents!: 

gour  petitioner  TH0;-'AS  A.  Edison, 
a  citizen  of  tfje  fHniteb  States,  rc$ibing  anb  fjabing  a  Posit  ©ffice  abbresfss  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  IT ew  Jersey; 


prajisi  tfjat  lettersi  patent  map  tie  grantcb  to  fjirn  for  tfje  itnprobementsf  in 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS, 


siet  fortfj  in  tfje  attnexeb  sipecifiention;  anb  fje  fjerebp  appoints!  jfranb  TL.  ©per 
(Pegisitration  i?o.  560),  of  ©range,  Jteto  Jcrsfcp,  fjisi  attornep,  toitfj  full 
potoer  of  siubeftitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosfecute  tijisi  application,  to  matte 
alterations!  anb  amenbmentsi  tfjerein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transfact  all 
busfittesie!  in  tfje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjeretoitfj. 


-  SPECIPICATION 


TO  ALli  WHOM  IT  HAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  HNOWH,  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDI  SOU,  a  citi¬ 
zen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn  Park, 
Oiange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  df  Hew  Jersey,  have 
invented  oertain  new  and  useful  improvements  in  PHONOGRAPH 
RECORDS,  of  which  the  following  is  a  description: - 

The  wax-like  compositions  now  in  oommdn  use  for 
making  phonograph  records,  such,  for  example,  as  those 
described  in  Patent  Ho.  762,375,  granted  to  Jonas  V/.  Ayls- 
worth,  have  qualities  which  make  them  specially  well 
adapted  for  this  purpose.  Such  materials  can  be  readily 
molded,  give  an  accurate  copy  of  the  surface  of  the  mold 
or  matrix,  and  after  being  molded  can  bo  reamed  out  and 
trimmed  off  and  otherwise  worked  with  great  facility. 
Phonograph  records  can  be  made  from  those  materials  at  low 
cost,  with  simple  machinery  and  by  very  cheap  labor.  It 
is  a  fact,  however,  that  reoordB  made  from  these  wax-like 
compositions  and  made,  as  is  now  the  common  practice,  with 
substantially  one  hundred  record  grooves  to  the  inch,  after 
being  subjected  to  a  large  number  of  reproductions  in  the 
phonograph,  show  signs  of  we ar  and  the  charaoter  of  the 
reproduction  obtained  therefrom  deteriorates.  Obviously, 
suoh  records  are  more  rapidly  worn  when  a  narrower  record 
groove  and  a  reproducing  stylus  of  correspondingly  de¬ 
creased  size  are  made  use  of.  It  is  desirable,  therefore, 
that  a  reoord  be  made  which  v/ill  havo  a  harder  and  tougher 
wearing  surface  and  which  will  at  the  same  time  retain  the 


-1- 


good  moldable  and  workable  qualities  of  the  records  made 
from  the  wax-like  compositions  now  used. 

The  object  of  the  present  invention  i3  to  pro¬ 
vide  a  record  of  the  sort  just  described  made  from  wax  or 
v/ax-like  composition,  and  having  a  hardened  arid  toughened, 
wearing  surface.  The  material  which  I  proferably  use  for 
forming  this  surface  is  shellac.  In  the  practice  of  my 
invention  I  preferably  take  a  phonograph  record  which  has 
boon  made  in  any  of  the  usual  ways  from  the  usual  wax¬ 
like  oomijositions,  and  immerse  it  in  a  solution  of  shellac 
dissolved  in  a  solvent  such  as  aloofcol. 

Aftor  immeraing  the  rnoord  in  this  solution  I 
'withdraw  it  therefrom,  having  a  thin  film  adhering  to 
its  surface.  .1  then  dry  this  film  upon  the  record,  and 
while  it  is  drying  I  prefer  to  rotate  it  slowly  upon  a 
vertical  mandrel,  the  mandrel  being  placed  in  this  position 
so  that  the  film  of  aheliao  will  not  tend  to  collect  at  one 
side  of  the  record.  After  the  film,  which  is  extremely 
thin,  so  that  it  will  not  interfere  with  or  obstruct  the 
undulations  of  the  record  groove,  has  been  dried,  I  place 
it  in  a  heated  chamber  and  rotate  it  slowly,  leaving  it  in 
this  chamber  until  the  v/ax-like  material  of  the  record 
has  become  somewhat  softened  but  not.  sufficiently  eo  to 
result  in  malformation  or  distortion  of  the  record  groove. 
The  effect  of  this  treatment  is  to  weld  the  film  to  the 
record  no  that  when  cooled  it  will  havo  a  surface  of  muoh 
greater  hardness  and  toughness  than  the  wax  record  pre¬ 
viously  had,  and  the  reproducing  stylus  will  not  tear  or 
detach  the  film  from  the  wax-like  material  of  the  reoord. 
The  thickness  of  the  film  may  be  governed  by  regulating 
the  strength  of  the  solution,  a  very  dilute  solution  pro¬ 
ducing  a  thin  film,  as  will  be  understood,  and  a  stronger 
-2- 


solution  a  thicker  film.  The  film  must  not  ho  thiok 
enough,  to  interfere  v;i th  the  volume  of  sound  produced 
by  the  record. 

Having  now  described  my  Invention,  what  ^  claim 

is:- 

1.  A  p.ho nogr aphj’o cord  made  of  wax-like  composit 
and  having  a  hardened  aurfao^of^ghellac,  substantially 
as  Get. forth. 

,  p  'x.  A  phonograph  rooord  of  voidable  wax-like  ma- 

U04H<(/{, ,Vy Ic fM- sCfttfi-t/t-fa- * ItsC/His T/ic 

tefial,,  and^having  orbits  surface  a  film  of  shellao  jfati- 
mately  welded  thereto,  substantially  as  net  forth. 

"  "...  J ^-i.<)t£Su'j'  L'fj 
£  , , 


Hfl) is  Specification  Signet)  anti  toitneSSeb  tljis  '^^bap  of  4 

_ /^-o  .  _ 

1.  'ztjUiiMsdx..  _ _ 


2.^ktart^ft ^L-CZC^-  — - 


©atb. 


£>tate  of  J2cto  Jersey  j 
County  of  (Essex  j 


THOMAS  a.  EDisoir  ,  tfjc  abobe  nameb 
petitioner,  being  bulp  Stoorn,  beposes  anb  says  that  be  is  a  citizen  of  tfje  ZHniteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Tisaez 
and  State  of  Hew  Jersey; 

tfjat  fje  berilp  beliebes  fjimSelf  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  Sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbements  in  phonograph  records', 


bescribeb  anb  elaimeb  in  tfje  annexeb  specification;  that  be  boes  not  Imoto  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  that  tbe  same  bias  eber  Imoton  or  useb  before  W&  inbention  or 
biscoberp  thereof ;  or  patenteb  or  bescribeb  in  anp  printeb  publication  in  tbe 
tUniteb  States  of  America  or  anp  foreign  country  before  bfe  inbention  or 
biseoberp  thereof,  or  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  or  patenteb 
in  anp  country  foreign  to  the  IHniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
ttoelbe  months  prior  to  this  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  the 
©niteb  States  for  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  anb  that  no 
application  for  patent  upon  Satb  inbention  ijfto  been  fileb  bp  him  or  W  legal 
representatibes  or  assigns  in  anp  foreign  country. 

_ C /{unvuids  CO  • 

Stoorn  to  anb  SubScribeb  before  me  this  ^  S  bap  of  7^^-u.  190  S 


[Seal] 


Jlotarp  public. 


United  States  Patent  Office, 


Washington,  d.  c.,  April  2,1908. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

Care  -prank  L.  Dyer, 

Orange, New  jersey 


Please  find  below 


communication  from,  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  y 


application. 


for  Phonograph  Records , .filed  March  18,1908, serial  number  421,886  . 


Commissioner  of  Patents . 


Applicant  is  requested  to  file  a  drawing  of  a  conventional 
tablet  with  the  names  of  the  elements  constituting  the  Barae  inscribed 
thereon. 


•A 


The  claims  are  rejected  in  view  of  the  British  Patent  of 
Adams-Randall,#1058  of  1889,  (181-2),  which  discloses  a  varnished 
wax-like  record,  and  the  patentsof  Petit, Dec.  24, 1901, #689, 408, 
(181-16),  and  Harris, Dec.  11,1906,  #837,927,  (181-17), 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OP? ICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 
PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS  j 
Piled  March  18,  1908  ) 
Serial  Ho.  421,886  ) 


Room  Ho.  379 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  action  of 
April  2,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as 
follows: 

Cancel  Claim  1,  and  renumber  Olaim  2  and  Claim 

1. 

Add  the  following  as  Claim  2: 

2.  A  phonograph  record  comprising  a„cyiyiden,  of  * 
moldable  wax- like  materialmans  having  a  thin  film  of  J 
shellac  intimately  welded  to  its  surface,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 


REMARKS 

Applicant  will  file  a  drawing  of  a  convention¬ 
al  tablet  before  the  case  goes  to  issue. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims 
are  requested.  Adams-Randall  does  not  disclose  a  film 
of  shellao  intimately  welded  to  the  surface  of  a  record 
of  moldable  wax-like  material.  The  intimate  welding  of 
a  tough  surfacing  material  to  the  wax-like  record  in 


(1) 


applicant's  case  1b  the  result  of  the  process  employed,  hy 
him  as  described  on  page  2  of  the  Specification  and  which 
produces  a  product  different  from  that  disclosed  hy 
Adams-Randall.  The  patents  to  Harris  and  Petit  referred 
to  hy  the  Examiner  both  disclose  a  celluloid  surfacing 
on  a  foundation,  which  is  an  entirely  different  thing 
from  that  claimed  hy  applicant. 

Respectfully  submitted. 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
March  J/'f  ,  1909 


DEPARTMENT 


INTERIOR, 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

Washington,  d.  c„  April  14,1909. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  Phonograph  IlecordR , filed  jrarch  18.1908, serial  number 
421,886  . 


This  aotlon  is  In  response  to  the  amendment  filed  the 
26th  instant  . 

Adams -Randall  discloses  a  Tarnish  had  hardening;  surface 
upon  a  softer  record  base.  This  varnish  is  the  equivalent  of 
applicant's  shellac  .  Petit  discloses  a  lac  hardening  surface 
welded  upon  any  selected  record  base  material.  Harris  discloses 
a  celluloid  hard  surface  upon  a  wax-like  base.  The  examiner 
oan  see  no  patentable  change  made  hy  applicant  in  merely 
planing  an  old  lac  hardening  surface  such  as  Pettit 
has  disclosed  upon  a  wax-like  base,  which  is  evidently  included 
among  the  materials  petit  covers  by  his  broad  statement 
relating  to  his  base  materials  • 

The  claims  are  rejected  . 

y 


: 


III  Tina  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 
PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS 
Piled  March  13,  1908 
Sorial  No.  421,886 


Room  No.  379. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 

SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  April  14, 
1909,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows: 

L/  Claim  1,  line  2,  after  "material"  insert  - 
having  a  record  groove  formed  on  the  surface  thereof  -  . 

Claim  2,  line  2,  insert  -  having  a  record  groove 
formed  on  the  surface  thereof  -  after  "material". 

REMARKS 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  this  appli¬ 
cation  as  amended  are  respectfully  requested.  Adams- 
Randall  does  not  disclose  a  record  in  which  a  surfacing 
film  is  intimately  welded  to  a  haBe  of  wax-like  material 
having  the  record  groove  thereon,  since  in  his  oase  a 
layer  of  graphite  is  interposed  between  the  wax  and  the 
protective  coating,  the  record  being  formed  in  the 
graphite.  Neither  do  any  of  the  other  references  cited 
by  the  Examiner  show  the  invention  as  claimed.  The 
intimate  welding  of  a  tough  surfacing  material  to  the 


(1) 


wax- lllco  record  in  applicant's  case  is  the  result  of  the 
process  employed  hy  him  as  described  on  page  2  of  the 
specification,  which  process  necessarily  produces  a 
different  article  from  that  disclosed  by  the  different 
patentees. 

Respeotf  u}.ly  submitted, 

TK01AAS  A.  BID  ISON 

Atto  ZX 

Orange,  N.  J. 

April  7th,  1910. 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„ 


April  23,1510. 

"(U  ii-Fi'CT 

APR  23  1910 

M  A  I  L  E  D . 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

far  PhonoRrapli  Records, filed  March  18,1908, serial  number  421,886. 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Thomas  A.  Edison,- 

(’.iiga  prgfjc  L.  Pyor, 

Ed  l  son  Tj a" jo  ratory. 
Orange,  How  yersoy  . 


This  aotion  is  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  April 

8,1910. 

After  a  careful  consideration  nothing  is  found  of 
patentable  nature  in  the  claims  over  the  references  of  reoord 
and  both  claims  lire  finally  rejected  upon  the  references  and 
for  the  reasons  of  record  . 


Ilf  THU  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  ) 
PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS ,  ) 
Piled  March  18,  1908,  ) 
Serial  No.  421,886.  ) 


Room  No .  379 . 


I  HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS: 
sir: 

I  hereby  appeal  to  the  Examiners  -in- 
Chief  from  the  deoision  of  the  principal  Examiner  in  the 
matter  of  my  application  for  Letters  Patent  for  PHONOGRAPH 
RECORDS,  filed  March  18,  1908,  Serial  No.  421,886,  which 
on  the  twenty- third  day  of  April,  1910,  was  finally 
rejected.  The  following  are  the  points  of  the  deoision 
upon  which  the  appeal  is  taken: 

1.  The  Examiner  erred  in  rejecting  the  claims. 
2.  The  Examiner  erred  in  holding  the  olairaij 
to  he  without  patentable  novelty. 

An  oral  hearing  is  requested. 

Very  respectfully, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

Orange,  New  jersey,  His  Attorney? 

April  1911. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE  . 


Application  of 
Thomas  A.  Edison,  for 
Phonograph  Records ,f 
Piled  Mal’oh  10,1908,  . 
5er.No;  421,886, 

Atty:  nrank  T.,  Dyer  . 


"Before  the  Hon.  Board  of 
Examiners- in-Chief . 


Examiner's  Statement  . 


This  is  an  appeal  from  the  Examiner's  final  rejection 
of  the  foil ov/in e  claims: 

.  .  r*  A  Phonoftr-nph  record  of  moldahle  wax- like  material, 

having  a  record  groove  formed  on  the  surface  thereof,  and  having 

iSTtll tSell*°  int0ffl&lely  welaed  t^retj,havlns 

'  £s;r  g?,f„a  on  t„e 

stk\2k?  -sisiajvnf 

The  references  relied  upon  are, 

Petit, #689, 408, Dec.  24, 1901, Acoustics,  16; 

Ayl sworth,#782, 37 5 , -Feb.  14,1906,  (Aooustics.17) . 

deferred  to  on  paste  1  of  applicant's  speo.) 

TPetit  alone  meets  the  claims  since  Petit  states  on  page  1, 
line,  28,  that  the  material  he  uses  to  make  the  film  8  illustrated 
in  Figure  1,  is  lac  which  is  the  same  as  shellac  , which  "by  the  way, 
is  a  very  common  material  for  making  phonograph  reoords  of*  Petit, 
however,  is  not  clear  as  to  whether  he  uses  wax-like  material  for 
his  foundation  or  "body  portion  9  illustrated  in  Figure  1,  hut  to 
substitute  the  common  wax-like  material  of  AyiBWorth  for  the 
material  of  Petit,  is  not  thought  to  be  invention. 

Respectfully  submitted: 


Examiner,  Division  XXIII  . 


April  24,1911  . 


Sir: 

The  oaae  of 


DEPARTMENT  OP  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPIOE 
WASHINGTON 


| No.  ^2-//  ]Tf£,  win  be  heard  by 

-in-Chief 

/^*tday  of  ^JJjUyJUu  191/ 

It  is  the  ^l$jyrv\d<ca.se  on  the  assignment  for  that  day. 

The  hearings  will  oommenoe  atj^^Jo'olook,  and  as  soon  as 
the  argument  in  one  case  is  concluded  the  suooeeding  oase  will 
be  taken  up. 

If  any  party,  or  his  attorney,  shall  not  appear  when  the 
oase  is  oalled,  his  right  to  an  oral  hearing  will  be  regarded 
as  waived. 

'  The  time  allowed  for  arguments  is  as  follows : 

Ex  parte  oases,  thirty  minutes; 

Motions,  thirty  minutes,  each  side; 

Interference  appeals,  final  hearing,  one  hour  eaoh  side. 

By  special  leave,  obtained  before  the  argument  is  commenced, 
the  time  may  be  extended. 

The  appellant  shall  have  the  right  to  open  and  oonolude  in 
interference  oases,  and  in  such  oase  a  full  and  fair  opening 
must  be  made . 

Briefs  in  interference  appeals  must  be  filed  in  aooordanoe 
with  the  provisions  of  Rule  147. 

Respeotfully, 


Serial 
on  the 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


IN  THE  Hill  TED.  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Application  of 
Thomas  A.  Edison  for 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS 
Filed  Maroh  18,  1908 
Serial  No.  421,886 


) 


) 

:  Before  the  Honorable  Board 

3  •  of  Examiners-in-Chief . 

I 


APPEIiDANT '  S  BRIEF 


This  is  an  appeal  from  the  Examiner's  final 
rejection  of  the  following  olaims:- 


1.  A  phonograph  reoord  of  moldable  wax-like 
material,  having  a  reoord  groove  formed  on  the  sur¬ 
face  thereof,  and  having  on  its  surfaoa  a  film  of 
shellac  intimately  welded  thereto,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 


2.  A  phonograph  reoord  comprising  a  oylinder 
of  moldable  wax -like  material,  having  a  reoord  groove 
formed  on  the  surfaoe  thereof  and  having  a  thin  film 
of  shellao  intimately  welded  to  its  surfaoe,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 


The  applicant's  invention  relates  to  phonograph 
reoords,  and  more  particularly  to  a  reoord  of  readily  mold- 
able  material  whloh  haB  a  tough  wearing  surfaoe  adapted  to 
be  subjected  to  a  large  number  of  reproductions  without 
sensible  wear.  Wax-like  compositions  now  in  oommon  use 
for  making  phonograph  reoords,  suoh,  for  example,  as  those 
described  in  patent  No.  782,375,  granted  to  Jonas  W.  Ayls- 
worth,  oan  be  readily  folded,  give  an  aoourate  oopy  of  the 
surfaoe  of  the  mold  or  matrix,  and  after  being  molded,  oan 


(1) 


I  be  reamed  out  and  trimmed  off,  or  otherwise  worked  with 
great  faoillty.  Phonograph  records  oan  furthermore  be 
made  of  these  materials  at  low  oost,  with  simple  machinery, 
and  by  very  oheap  labor.  Records  made  from  these  wax-like 
materials,  however,  after  being  subjected  to  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  reproductions  on  a  phonograph ,  show  signs  of  wear  ... 
and  the  oharaoter  of  the  reproductions  obtained  therefrom 
deteriorates.  It  is  desirable,  therefore,  that  a  reoord 
be  made  whioh  will  have  a  harder  and  tougher  wearing  sur¬ 
face,  and  whioh  will  at  the  same  time  retain  the  good 
moldable  and  workable  qualities  of  the  records  made  from 
the  wax-like  composition. 

The  applicant's  invention  oonnists  in  the  pro¬ 
vision  of  a  reoord  of  such  a  moldable  wax-like  material 
having  the  reoord  groove  formed  on  the  surfaoe  thereof  and 
having  a  surfaoe  layer  or  film  of  shellao  intimately  weld¬ 
ed  to  the  surfaoe  thereof. 

In  the  praotioe  of  the  invention,  a  phonograph 
reoord  whioh  has  been  made  in  any  of  the  usual  ways  from 
the  usual  wax -like  compositions,  is  immersed  in  a  solution 
of  shellao  dissolved  in  a  suitable  solvent,  such  as  aloohol, 
so  that  upon  withdrawing  the  record  from  the  solution,  a 
thin  film  of  the  solution  adheres  to  the  same.  This  film, 
whioh  is  so  thin  as  not  to  interfere  with  or  obstruot  the 
undulations  of  the  reoord  groove,  is  then  dried  upon  the 
reoord,  the  latter  being  subsequently  placed  in  a  heated 
ohamber,  where  it  is  left  until  the  wax -like  material  of 
the  reoord  has  become  somewhat  softened,  but  not  sufficient¬ 
ly  so  to  result  in  the  malformation  or  distortion  of  the 
reoord  groove.  This  treatment  welds  the  film  to  the 
reoord,  so  that  when  oold  it  will  have  a  film  of  suoh  hard- 


(8) 


I! 


noss  that  the  reproducing  stylus  will  not  tear  or  detach 
the  same  from  the  wax -like  material  of  the  record. 

The  claims  are  rejected  upon  the  following  pat¬ 
ents  :  - 

Petit,  No.  689,408,  Deoember  P.4,  1901; 

Aylsworth,  No.  782,375,  February  14,  1905. 

The  Examiner  explains  the  rejection  by  pointing  out  that 
Petit  uses  shellac  for  his  surface  film,  and  contends  that 
to  use  Aylsworth' s  wax -like  material  for  the  foundation  or 
body  portion  of  Petit's  reoord  would  not  involve  invention. 

The  Examiner  seems  to  have  lost  sight  of  one  of 
the  principal  features  of  the  invention,  namely,  that  the 
reoord  groove  is  formed  on  the  surface  of  the  moldable  wax¬ 
like  material.  This  feature  is  not  disolosed  in  any  of  the 
references  of  record.  The  patent  to  Petit,  which  appears 
to  be  the  principal  reference  relied  upon  by  the  Examiner, 
discloses  in  Figure  3  a  surfaoe  film  which  has  a  somewhat 
irregular  interior  surfaoe;  but  a  mere  inspection  of  this 
figure  indicates  that  the  inner  surfaoe  of  the  film  does 
not  oontain  an  aoourate  copy  of  the  reoord  impression. 
Petit's  intention  was  evidently  to  build  up  a  composite 
reoord  having  a  reoord  bearing  surfaoe  veneer,  and  a 
foundation  (not  a  reoord)  of  a  similar  material;  whereas 
the  applicant's  object  was  to  apply  to  the  surfaoe  of  a 
oomplete  wax -like  record  a  suitable  harder  and  tougher 
protective  coating.  That  Petit  did  not  have  in  mind  the 
applicant's  invention  is  indicated  by  his  reference  to  the 
inner  portion  of  his  reoord  as  a  "foundation"  or  " cylindri¬ 
cal  shell",  (not  a  reoord).  (See  line  5,  page  2).  The 
patent  to  Aylsworth  does  not  disclose  this  feature  of  the 
applicant ' s  invention. 


(3) 


/ 

Phe  Examiner  takes  the  ground  that  as  long  as 
the  various  materials  of  the  compositions  specified  in  the 
olaims  for  the  surface  layer  and  reoord  have  been  separate¬ 
ly  referred  to  as  suitable  for  making  phonograph  records, 
their  combination  in  the  manner  set  forth  in  the  olalmB  in 
issue  does  not  involve  invention.  In  reference  to  the 
materials  employed  by  the  applicant,  it  is  submitted  that 
even  if  these  various  materials  are  separately  old,  there 
is  invention  in  combining  them  as  set  forth  in  the  olaims. 
By  reason  of  the  good  molding  qualities  of  the  was -like 
compositions  and  of  the  superior  wearing  qualities  of 
shellao,  it  is  desirable  to  form  a  reoord  of  the  former 
materials  provided  with  a  wearing  sxirfaoe  of  the  latter 
material.  Neither  the  Petit  nor  the  Aylsworth  patents 
point  out  how  this  oan  be  done.  In  lines  14  to  18,  page 
2  of  his  patent  of  reoord.  Petit  states  as  follows: - 


"Phe  foundation  is  preferably  made  of  material 
adapted  to  be  softened  and  connected  by  heat  and 
pressure  through  adhesion  to  the  duplicate  sound 
reoord  film,  and  the  material  of  the  foundation  is 
preferably  of  such  .a  nature  as  to  oarry  a  substanoe 
of  similar  nature  to  that  composing  the  film,  either 
by  being  impregnated  with,  or  by  having  an  applied 
surfaae  ooating  of,  such  material,  so  that  the 
connection  formed  between  the  two  by  heat  and 
pressure  may  be  a  oementing  action.  Phe  material 
of  the  foundation  may  be  and  preferably  is  the  same 
as  that  of  the  film,  but  loaded  with  pigment  to 
give  body  and  cheapness." 


In  view  of  this  statement,  Petit's  prooess  is 
evidently  not  designed  for  use  in  connection  with  different 
materials  such  as  those  specified  in  the  olaims  in  issue. 
The  Aylsworth  patent  offers  no  suggestion  how  the  wax-like 


(4) 


materials  mentioned  therein  can  be  v/eiaed  to  shellac. 

It  is  furthermore  pointed  out  that  as  the  mater¬ 
ial  of  Petit’s  foundation  is  merely  rendered  plastic  and 
is  not  melted  or  fused,  the  pressing  of  the  same  against 
a  thin  surfaoe  film  suoh  as  that  contemplated  by  the  appli¬ 
cant  woxtld  be  apt  to  tear  or  otherwise  injure  the  said 
film.  By  the  applicant's  prooess  as  outlined  in  the 
epeoifioation,  this  objection  is  obviated,  and  the  secure 
welding  together  of  the  wax-like  reoora  and  its  surfaoe 
ooating  is  rendered  possible. 

The  applicant,  therefore,  by  a  new  prooess,  has 
produced  an  artiole  not  disclosed  in  the  prior  art  and  one 
whioh  evidently  could  not  be  produoed  by  the  processes 
heretofore  known;  and  the  Honorable  Board  of  Examiners  - 
in-Ohief  are  accordingly,  in  view  of  the  foregoing  re¬ 
marks,  respeotfully  requested  to  adjudge  the  olaims  in 
issue  patentable  in  their  deoision  on  this  appeal. 

Respeotfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  EDI Si® 

By  J ■  fi  l&yC'  l/ _ 

Hifr  Attorney 

Orange,  New  Jersey 
August  ,  1911. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON 


Thomas. A.  Edison, . 

o/o  Frank  I,..  Eye  r , .  At  ty> , 

Orange ,  . 

N...J . 

Sir : 

Inclosed  find  copy  of  decision  this  day  rendered  by  the 
(  ex  parte  ) 

Examiners  in  Chief  in  the  ]  case  of 

( in<t«*D©e*erxse  j 

. . Thomas  A.  Edison,  Serial  Uo.  431,886. 


By  direction  of  the  Commissioner: 

,Very  respectfully. 


JT  %7-t '/-CasJl; 


Chief  Clerk. 


Appeal  No .  4223 . 


U.  3.  PATENT  OFFICE. 


October  6,  19H. 


Before  the  Examiners-in-Chief ,  on  Appeal  . 

Application  of  Thomas  A.  Edison  for  a  patent  for  an  improve¬ 
ment  in  Phonograph  Records,  filed  Earoh  18,  1908,  Serial  Ho. 
421,886. 


Nr.  Frank  L,  Dyer,  attorney  for  appellant  . 

The  applicant  has  appealed  from  the  action  of  the  primary  ex¬ 
aminer  finally  rejecting  the  following  claims. - 


*  •  pnonograpn  record  of  moldable  wax-like  material 
having  a  record  groove  formed  on  the  surface  thereof  and 

thlrp?  °n  iw0f3U1fS?n  a  film  0f  ahella0  intimately  welded 
thereto,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

2*  *  phonograph  record  comprising  a  cylinder  of  mold- 
lilke  ®ate5lal  having  a  record  groove  formed  on  the 
a2d  having  a  thin  film  of  shellac  intimately 
welded  to  its  surface,  substantially  as  set  forth.  ^ 


The  references  cited  are;- 


Petit, 

Ay 1s worth, 


689,408,  Beoember  24,  1901, 
782,376,  February  14,  1905. 


Y7e  find  no  error  in  the  action  of  the  primary  examiner  reject¬ 
ing  the  appealed  claims  upon  reference  to;  Petit,  taken  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  Aylsworth.  Petit  discloses  a  phonograph  record  of  mold- 
.able  material,  which  is  wax-like  to  the  extent  that  it  becomes  soft 
when  heated,  whloh  record  has  a  record  groove  on  the  surface  there¬ 
of,  the  surface  being  formed  of  a  film  of  shellac  intimately  welded 
to  the  backing.  The  appealed  claims  are  therefore  met  in  all  re¬ 
spects  by  Petit,  unless  it  be  that  Petit  cannot  be  said  to  disolose 
a  material  which  is  in  all  respects  wax-like.  However,  the  use  of 


#4223-  —  2. 

a  material  which  is  in  all  respects  wax-like  for  the  main  body 
material  of  the  petit  reeord  would  certainly  not  involve  invention, 
especially  in  view  of  the  common  use  of  wax-like  materials  in  the 
manufacture  of  records  for  phonographs,  of  which  use  the  Aylsworth 
patents  furnish  an  example  . 

The  applicant  refers,  in  his  argument,  to  the  formation  of  a 
groove  corresponding  to  the  record  groove  in  the  wax-like  hacking 
of  his  record.  This  construction  is  disclosed  in  his  application 
but  he  has  not  restricted  himself  thereto  in  his  appealed  claims, 
which  are  obviously  capable,  so  far  as  this  feature  is  concerned, 
of  application  to  the  petit  product.  But  if  the  claims  were  so 
limited  we  would  not  consider  them  to  be  allowable  over  the  British 
patent  to  Adams-Handall ,  #1068,  of  1889,  of  record.  ThiB  patent 
disoloses  a. record  surface  having  a  projection  upon  the  back  there¬ 
of  corresponding  to  the  record  groove.  To  supply  this  surface  with 
a  baoking  of  wax-like  material  would  not  be  invention,  in  view  of 
the  petit  and  Aylsworth  patents,  if,  indeed,  the  disclosure  of  the 
British  patent  can  rightly  be  held  not  to  disclose  such  a  backing. 

The  action  of  the  primary  examiner  finally  rejecting  the  ap¬ 
pealed  claims  is  affirmed. 


Fairfax  Bayard, 

T.  G.  Steward, 

Frank  C.  Skinner, 

examiners- in- chief  . 


if  .  j>.  f-bS/fafi 

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Folio  No . . 389 

Serial  No.^.3..-i^2l.- 

Address. 

. w.(jLtu/L.. . 

. XD.<UZ _ 

Applicant. 

. \JJLcOdtL . 

Title 

. 

p,-lPf]  20.  /f  os’ 

Examiner’s  Room  No . 

Assignee....^.)^^a? . 

Ass’g’t  Exec . Recorded.. 

. . : . 

. . I  jihpif  P^gp 

Patent  No.##3L2<£_2r' 

Issued  CL»*  ■$./*}//■ 

T  '  T 

-  /  /?  -  -v"  . 

ACTIONS. 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY.. 


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-\l 


.  Folio  No . .391 


Serial  No . 


Applicant. 

. 


Title  QsiOxaM/....Aum?0.. 
Filed  . 'jSLSJL 


Assign* 


Ass’g’t  Exec^^.^.^^RecordecT^^^^Liberr^Z^.  Page, 
Patent  Issued 


ACTIONS. 


"TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  'MAY  C01TCER1T:  “  . 

BE  IT  K2TOVQT,  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISOIT,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn 

'Parky  ■Orangeyln~the  'County "of  Essex  ~and~State~of”lTew - 

;r<rersfr3r-)-ha^e-inTented-oe3?'tain-^iev-and"^e£ul-toqpFOTements- 
in  PROCESS  AMD  APPARATUS  POR  ARTIEICIAILY  ASIITG  OR  SEASON 
I1TG  PORTLAND  CE11E1TT,  of  which  the  following  is  a  descrip- 


. . . _  . Under.. the, present  practice in  the  manufacture... 

of  Portland  cement,  the  freshly  ground  material  is  stored 
in  a  suitable,  stock  house  and  is  permitted  to  age  or  seas> 

;  until  is  is  in  condition  to  he  used  in  construction  work 
or  to  be  submitted  to  The  ordinary  tests".  ~ "" 

Obviously,"  the  "absorption of- atmospheric 

-  moisture  -is-a -very  -slow-  operation, -depend-i-ng-enti-rely - 

upon  the  temperature  and  hygroscopic  condition  .of  the  air 
|  so  that  the  operation  is  exceedingly  slow  and  the  quality 
j  of  the  cement  is  likely  to  vary  v/ithin  considerable  liraiti 
The  object  of  my  invention  is  to  provide  a 
process  and  apparatus  by  which  this  treatment  may  be  per- 
”  f  o  ruled”  art  if  ic  ially-  so  that  fcheB  easoningorag  ingof '  the' 
'cement- may— be-effected-within  a-shor-t— time, - At- the  -same 


j  time  the  operations  z 


i  under  such  exact  control  that  :the 


61  tt*. 

qual i tyv^may ' b e  regulated  within  very  close  limits  and  ma£ 
be  treated  absolutely  independently  of  the  weather  con¬ 


ditions,  which  factor  does  not  need  to  be  considered  in 
|j  the  carrying  out  of  the  invention.  ~  :  " 


: - - — 

In  order  that  the  invention  may  he  more  fully  under- 

stood,  reference  is  made  to  the  accompanying  drawing,  of 

which  Figure  1  is  a  side  elevation,  partly  in  section  ,  of 

an  apparatus  suitable  for  carrying  out  my  improved  pro- 

cess;  Figure  2  is  a  detail  sectional  View  of  the  chamber 

shown  at  the 'left" in  Figure  1;" and  Figure'  3  is  a  section  . 

in.  .  3  o:  Figure  1. 

cylinder  formed  of  a  series  of  sections  having  flanges 

2,  secured  together,  and  supported  upon  rollers  3,  said 

cylinder  being  provided  with  a  gear  4  adapted  to  be  driven 

by  the  motor  5  through  the  gearing  6,  whereby  the  cylinder 

;1"  is  rotated-  slowly  and'  in  a  manner'  similar  to  a'  rotary  . . •• 

- - 

.material,  to . be.  treated,  consisting  usually  of  freshly _ 

01 

ground_ cement  clinher,  is  fed  into  the  upper  end  of  the 

cylinder  1,  by  a  screw  conveyor  7,  which  occupies  a 

horizontal  tube  8,  the  inner  end  of  which  extends  into 

. . 

the  end  of  the  cylinder  1  in  close  proximity  to  the  bottom 

thereof.  The  conveyor  7  maybe  continuously  driven  by  . 

-a  belt  applied-to  -the -pulley-  9- and -material  continuously  - - 

supplied  thereto  bv  a  conveyor  10  which  i  ml 

;  receptacle  11,  the  bottom  of  which  communi cates  with  the 

outer  end  of  the  conveyor  7.  The  upper  end  of  the  cylin- 

der  1  communicates  with  a  chamber '12  having  a  partition 

z=:: 

1 13  which  divides  the  same  into  ascending  and  descending 

■  flues  ■14-and“157-the"lovrer-end~o'f-t'h:e_flue_15-opening~into~ — :~ 

-a-horizontal-f-lue-or— settling— chamber— 16 -,-i-of— greater— cross - 

section  than  the  interior  of  the  cvllnder  1.  The  bottom  of 
said  settling' chamber  is  formed  with  a "raolfa^iuSar  trough 

17  within  which  is  a  spiral  conveyor  18  wtefcefasfeg-  driven 

\  :  1 

by  the  motor  19.  Belov/  the  discharge  end  of  the  conveyoi 

\>  :  ■  ■  1 

2. 

moving  .the  (mate rial] deposited}  4**the"  settling  chamber,  . 

vfejfCtesjgMfoe— finish nd—nrtoduQ-k.  The  disidtargo  end  of  the 

■  settling  chamber  16  communicates  through  a  passage  22  with 

the  interior  of  a  rotary  fan  or  blower  23  which  delivers  a 

• . - . - . 1 

.  blast  into  the  chamber  24.  Y/ithin  this  chamber  and  extend- 

'~ing~acrbss“' the"patH''bf""tHe'"b"last~i's'"a_set''bf  "steam 'p'i'pes”br 

: . - . . — 

..admitting ..steam._into_said..j6hamber..in_the_.form..of-  ft  .series _ _ 

of  jets  27.  The  chamber  24  is  stationary  and  rests  upon 

the  foundation  28.  In  its  forward  end  is  a  shouldered 

pipe  29  for  reducing  the  cross  section  of  the  blast,  the 

contracted  end  of  said  pipe  extending  into  the  lower  end  of 
furtts 

’  the^oyH&hder which'  'end"  'fits'  within'  a  cirbular  opening . . 

- . —  - 

Land.,  c ommuni.cating-.wiih ...the...end  ..of.  t he_cylinder„  1 is...a„  dis- _ _ 

charge  chamber  30  for  receiving  material  delivered  by 

the  cylinder  1,  and  at  the  bottom  of  said  chamber  30  is  a 

:  screw  conveyor  31  for  continuously  removing  the  material 

therefrom,  sad^mat^al  also-ooaste^t-tog-the  flashed 

:.. apparatus. .shown,  in. the  following  manner:  The  cylinder  1 

i  is  continuously  rotated  and  ground  Portland  cement  is 

continuously  introduced  into  the  upper  end  thereof,  by 

conveyor  7.  The  blower  23  is  continuously  driven  by  a 

belt  32,  and  supplies  a  blast  of  air  to  the  chamber  24. 

The  air  blast  passes  arodnd  and  between  the  pipe's  25  which 

.  ,  s  -  .  sitcoms-  t lc  u.ehwX&iC. 

•are -neat ed- oy —steam  -pass ing— there tHrough.}— and  -t 0'—the—liot - - - 

AUmzttr' ^^-The--ases->can^  ~ 

through  the  contracted  end  of  the.  pipe  29  into  and  through 

3. 

ous  stream  into 
■^|i  the  conveyor  31, 
able  percentage 


in  a  continuous  body^jjlhe  cement  laa^a^j  showered,  through  the 
hot  gases^iffef  being  carried,  up  from  the  bottom  of  the  kiln, 
on  account  of  its  rotation^  until^it  falls  ,from  the  side  of 
the  kiln  to  the  bottom,  the ■obff  b thor o ughly  exposed. 
to“th'e  action'of  the  heated  gases'passing' through  the'  cylin-- 

3der. - The-:bulk  of- material-passes-  through  -the  -  cylinder- . . 

.fr_OBh.i_ts__upp.er  _.to.._i_ts_  .lower  .  end.,_discliarging_in_  a  oontinu- _ 

the  chamber  30  from  which  it  is  removed  by 
A  consider- 

of  the  ground  material  is  ,  however,  carried 
by  the  blast  through  the  pa'^wg^34~'aWlL57'lnH;TT£e~'Be~i- 

tling'-ohamber  16',”' where",- 'oil' account-of  '4^;increased- cross-  : . 

section, -  the  -velocity  of  the  blast  is-  checked  and  the . -  - . _.... 

material,  settles  to the  bottom  of  said  chamber,  and  Is  re¬ 
moved  therefrom  continuously  by  the  conveyors  18  and  21, 

heated  air  from  which  the  moisture  lias  been  extracted  by 

the  ground  cement,  theri’iil^urno^ni^ntQ'fB’Th^^owor  '■■■ 

Hud  cu.7cia  ZZLt  'V-CavJVi 

through  the  passage  22^by  which'  it  is  driyen  through  the  . 

I-  apparatus.- -again  in  the  same  manner-  as  -before.  -The  air*  -  - _ 

i  fJlQ,<uUr  twrlTM^  CGT  >C<ru/OL  ' 

^ hnwTivrtsy.  is .  still  at  .a  high  temperature  and  therefore 

•  there  is  an  economy  effected  in  the  amount  of  heat  which 
must  be  supplied  by  the  steam  pipes  25  since  the.  same  par- 


tidies  of  air  are  used  over  and  over  again,  only  such 
fresh  air  being  used  e 


i  is  necessary.  toTjsflSnoe  the- air 

^  ^  | HI - -X  lo  st~  'thr'ough-leakageT'iei^^air "  be  ing  -drawn  -  in^ — — — 

-  ^ -automatically-,  -by— the— blower-23. — -iSke— a  _  .  _ 
Having  now  described  mv  invention,  what  X  claim  is :  / _ 


1.  A  process  for  artificially  aging  or  seasoning 

yx^nrucj  tuuxj 

Portland  cement  which  consists  in  subjecting  a  .ooniitn&up 

wwoaim  of- ground  cement -to  a  wrt— 58  current  of  heated  ' 

.air.  containing  water  vapor, ..substantially  as. set  forth.. . - 

Ou  ff4~ 

■  Portland  cement  which  consists-in- subjecting-ground~$!ement — ' 

..to.. a.  continuous,  current.of. heated .air_.con.taining-.water _ _ 

■tZ 

vapor,  continuously  adding  fresh  material  ^thorc^c ,  and 

continuously  removing  the  ifMI^ITiTTW^product  therefrom,  sub- 
stantially  as  set  forth. 

3.  A  process  for  artificially  aging  or  seasoning 

Portland  cement  which  consists  in  jm&fccluod&g  ground  cement 
.  -  -ivicCCMtieC  Atrbc&itzi'  \ 

-Us.  C -or icfcit.c/s  tlvL* 

wherethrough  a  current  of  heated  air  containing  water 

■  vapor,  substantial,  ly- as  set  forth.  -  . — 

4.  A  process  for  artif icially  aging  or  seasoning 

:  Portland  cement  which  nnngi  ntn  in  V^-  no^r.n  + 

~ !  iZ^^^rri 1  ^jriGin~ 

therethrough  a  current  of  heated  air  containing  water 

vapor,  and  passing  said  current  of  air  into  a  settling 

!  chamber  after  leaving  said  cylinder,  substantial  ly  as 

set  forth. 

5.  A  process  for  artificially  aging  or  seasoning 

Portland  cement  which  consists  in  p^ffirfsing^i  continuous 

current  of  air  around  a  closed  path  and  causing  said  air. 

to  pass  over  or  through  a  body  of  ground  cement  during  Its 

travel -around  said  path-,  ‘substantially- 'as-  set  "forth*- . .  ~ 

5. 

f*  .,/v 

1 . 

. . . 6*  A- process  for  artificially  -aging  or  seasoning . 

Portland  cement . which  consists  in  continuous 

current  of  air  around  a  closed  path,  heating  said  current 
of  air  and  causing  the  same  to  pass  over  or  through  a 
body  of  ground  cement  during  its  travel/}/  thgro gf/  a° pert 
defects  path,  substantially  as  set  forth.  " . 

7.  A  process  for  artificially  aging  or  seasoning 

Portland  cement  which  consists  in  , continuous  ~~ 

current  of  air  around  a  closed  path,  heatin^^%U§rent 
flssjL.  A 

of  air  ^causing  the  smie  to  pass  over  or  through  a' body  of '  9 

Lpround  nem— *•  *  . 

■ 

airrRn.t-efS;ix  ferfrSg&ft-/ i .-n h ^  1  ^  r  itn^j; 

path,  substantially  as  set  forth.  ^ 

\ 

—  8.  A  process  for  artificially  aping-  or  seasoning —  — 

.. Portland  cement  whi oil  cons i st s  .  cont inuous 

current  of  air  around  a  closed  path,  sand  causing  said  air 
to  pass  over  or  through  a  body' of  ground  cement  during  its 

travel  around  said  path,  and  checking  the  velocity  of 

said  air  current  during  its  travel  through  a  portion  of  its 

path  to  permit  the  settling  of  the  particles  of  cement . .  •  — 

!  "" . 

camea  4>y  ouj.ijp.ii  uururrl,  substantially  as  set  forth.-  —  — 

9.  In  an  apparatus  of  the  character  described, 

contain-a-body-of-gr-ound  cement, -means- for— feeding-material - 

Jr™ .°_one  . end _th er e o ,  a  nd  means  for  pawning  a  current  of 

. ~  r 

heated  air  and  waf  er  vapor  therethrough,  in  contact  with 

said  material,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

6. 

!■  .  .  ■  '  ■ 

i_  -• . j|. 

■faz&t.  I 

combination  of  an  elongated.  fewbular  bogfey-adapted  to  con- 
tain  a  body  of  ground  cement,  means  for  feeding  material 

into  one  end  thereof,  means  for  passing  a  current  of 

heated  air  and  water^ vapor  therethrough  in  contact  with 

;'sai'd~materfai,~  2052  a  settling  chamber coramuhi  eating  ’’with" . 

tub&bBw 

substantially:  as  set  forth... _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 

11.  Xh  an  .apparatus  of  the  character  described,  the 

■combination  of  an  elongated  tub^/^/ -tanas  adapted . to  contain  -  - . 

a  body .of  .  ground  cement,  .means  for.  feeding  material,  into 

one  end  thereof,  means  for  passing  a  current  of  heated  air 

and  water  vapor  therethrough  in  contact  with  said  material, 

as  set  forth. 

12.  In  an  apparatus  of  the  character  described,  the 

combination  of  an  elongated  tubular  bore  adapted  to  contain 

:a  body  of  ground  cement,  means  for  feeding  material  into 

one  end  thereof,  means  for  passing  a  current  of  heated 

air  and  -water  -  vapor  therethrough  in  contact  with  said . -  - 

parallel  to  said  and  connected  with  tiffing?* 

endSthereof,  substantially  as  set  forth.  j 

13.  In  an  apparatus  of  the ^character  described,  the  • 

combination  of  an  elongated  tbhnaar^frogc  adapted  to  contain  I 

a  body  of  grodnd  cement,  means  for  feeding  material  into  1 

one  end  thereof,  means  for  passing  a  current  of  heated  I 

'  7‘  •  I 

i-,1 . .. 

L 

air  and  water  vapor  therethrough  in  contact  with'  said. 
naterial,  a  settling  chamber  o  oRgiuni out ing -fffttt “ tlm  w 
lu.l)  uJ  U'lTlIl  ImWKSPji-  bora 
»lili  luettlins" 


,  Jui  remoTing  i 


extending  substantially  , 

±mzL. 


parallel  to”  said  tubular  bbre’  and’  cohriected^ivlth- 

Set  end?  thereof  ,'  and  means  for  "impelling-  said  air -current - 

-s-ituated-between-the--gutlet-of.-8aid-settHng-.cliaiiib.er  ..and  _1 - 

_the|ihle_t  .of  ...said..  tumour'  bo»e,  substantially  as  set  forth. _ 

. 1-4.- Inwapparatus'-of  -the -character  -  described-,— the - 

■'combination- of- an-  elongated-  tubwlnr  hare  adapted.. to. -Contain . . 

..a  body  of. ground  cement,  means  for  feeding  material  into 
one  end  thereof,  means  for  passing  a  current  of  heated 
air  1  and  water  vapor  therethrough  in  contact  with  said 
material,  a  settling  chamber  u 


parallel  to- said  4 


~&UUL 


■--extending-  substantially— - 


*  and.  connected.Mth. 


endSthereof ,  and  means  for  impelling  and  heating  said  1 
(r/ 

air  situated  between  the  outlet  chamber  and^the  inlet 

“  - -"  '  . .  . . . . . - . 

of  said  tttbtflar-we,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


'  Y 

Ovtnr^j  a  7?n<*.ss  ^/^^CwL/S 

#SS~C-*y 

fo^-CC^t^yc^  £44siSU2~u-f'  07?t 

-/t^  <S*£r 


/*.eJ?£ZP 


^  to*-/  -  - 

Jyr***^.  ^T~ 


^  ^ *  A^>  /*B <ff /ZCt^J-eyr  j( 

L-  ,_^  /^.  0^i  &d<&  cr^>^  e^-^  ^ir  <3^  •  — ■ 

1  A  - " - 


TKe 


Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 

Telegraph,  Freight  and  Passenger  Station.  NEW  VILLAGE,  N.  }.  phjubiipku!!  R° 

p.  o.  address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J, 


pear  Hr.  Edison: — 

The  hoys  repostT  that/faie  oil  hearing  used  on 

W 

the  high  speed  coal  hlgjrer  is  a  great  success,  as  it  feeds 
a  tremendous  amount .yCf  oil  and  keeps  the  hearings  cool. 
Have  you  applied yfor  patent?  If  not,  think  it  would  he 
well  to  do  so. 


Yours  very  truly, 

r>s/V5rvw*>S2S>.1 1 


i 

/  , 

«/ 


v.p. 


I bCX  fidWOTL. 

THe  Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 


Telegraph,  Freight  and  Passenger  Station,  NEW  VILLAGE,  N.  J.  phila 

p.  o.  address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J. 

Feb.  26,  1908. 


®»,raPnu;,?K 

Peat  Off!  c.  Sq  u  *  re-  B] 


% 


u  * 


Frank  1.  Dyer,  Esq., 

legal  Department, 

Orange,  N.  J. 

Dear  Sir: 

Your  favor  of  the  24th  inet.,  addressed  to 
Mr.  Mallory,  duly  received,  and  in  accordance  therewith  we 
have  asked  our  Mr.  Mason  to  prepare  a  blueprint  of  the  oil 
bearing  used  on  the  high  speed  coal  blower  for  kilns  and  for 
which  he  desires  a  patent  applied  for. 


-.Jy/ 


Yours  truly, 


Asst,  to  Vice-President. 


TKe  Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 


Telegraph.  Freight  and  Passenger  Station.  NEW  VILLAGE,  N.  J. 

!>.  o.  address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J. 


SALES  0FFI0E8: 


March  3,  1908. 


Mr.  Prank  L.  Dyer,  .  \0Q% 

v|  Jyy  A-.* 

c/o  Edison  laboratory,  w 
Orange ,  N.  J . 

Dear  Sir: 


Enclosed  we  are  sending  you  blue-prints  showing 
the  high  speed  oil  bearing  mentioned  in  our  letter  of  Feb . 
5th.  I  do  not  know  whether  it  is  possible  to  patent  this 
bearing,  but  our  experiments  have  shown  it  to  be  most 
satisfactory  on  high  Bpeed. 

The  disk  in  the  center  fits  Ioobo  on  the  shaft 
and  is  held  by  the  four  flat  springs  Bhown  in  dotted  lines. 
This  gives  it  enough  friction  to  throw  the  oil  by  cen¬ 
trifugal  force  to  the  top  of  the  bearing  where  it  runs 
out  on  two  side  grooves  thus  keeping  up  continual  cir- 
culat ion . 


Yours  very  truly, 


WHM-CEM 

(eno) 


petition 


tfje  Commissioner  of  patents: 

gour  petitioner  <7//^ .  — 

a  citizen  of  tfje  Uniteb  States,  rcSibing  anb  fjabing  a  Post  ©ffice  abbress  at 


praps  tfjat  fetters  patent  map  fie  granteb  to  fjim  for  tfje  improbements  in 

Clfis/i..  %-L^Zfctrw  'tr'sL.Ovu*.  ^-v 


/ 


Set  fortfj  in  tfje  annexeb  specification ;  anb  fje  Ijerebp  appoints  jfranb  TL.  ©per 
(Registration  jgo.  560),  of  ©range,  J2etu  3fersep,  fjis  attornep,  toitlj  full 
potuer  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  tijis  application,  to  ntafte 
alterations  anb  antenbments  tfjerein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tfje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjeretoitfj. 


-  SPECIFICATION  - 

TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOT'AS  A.  EDISON,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn  Park, 
Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  hrve  in¬ 
vented  certain  n ew  and  useful  improvements  in  APPARATUS 
POP.  REPRODUCING  MOTION  AMD  SOUNDS,  of  which  the  following 
is  a  description: - 

In  my  application  for' patent,  Serial  No.  414,924, 
filed  February  8th,  1900,  I  have  shown  and  described  an 
apparatus  and  process  for  recording  motion  and  sounds  si¬ 
multaneously  by  moans  of  a  moving  picture  camera  and  a 
recording  phonograph,  and  for  reproducing  the  motion  and 
sounds  so  recorded  by  moans  of  a  moving  picture  project¬ 
ing  machine,  wherein  is  exhibited  a  positive  film  formed 
from  the  negative,  and  a  reproducing  phonograph,  a  simple 
font  of  mechanical  actuating  mechanism  being  provided  for 
driving  both  the  phonograph  and  the  camera,  during  the 
performance  of  the  act  or  scene,  and  the  same  or  a  precisely 
similar  form  of  driving  mechanism  being  made  use  of  to 
operate  the  moving  picture  projecting  machine  and  the  re¬ 
producing  phonograph  during  the  reproduction  of  the  sound 
and  motions  which  had  prevlottsly  been  recorded.  I  have 
found  that  it  is  essential  to  the  successful  operation 
of  these  devices  in  unison  that  a  simple  form  of  mechanical 
driving  means,  common  to  both  the  machines,  be  provided, 
other  arrangements  for  effecting  the  synchronous  operation 
of  these  instruments,  such,  for  example,  as  synchronous 
electric  motors  operating  at  a  distance  from  one  another, 


-1- 


■being  too  complicated,  expensive  and  generally  unreliable 
to  secure  successful  and  practical  results,  in  the  practical 
operation  of  such  devices ,  however ,  in  theatres  or  other 
large  buildings  at  a  distance  from  the  studio  where  the 
sounds  and  notions  were  originally  recorded,  it  is  imprac¬ 
ticable  to  extend  an  ordinary  form  of  mechanical  drive,  r.uch, 
for  instance,  an  a  shaft  used  for  driving  both  devices, 
from  the  neighborhood  of  the  moving  picture  projecting  ma¬ 
chine  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  reproducing  phonograph, 
when  the  latter  is  placed  behind  or  near  the  screen  whereon 
the  pic turns  are  being  exhibited. 

The  object  of  the  present  invention  is  to  provide 
an  apparatus  whereby  the  projecting  machine  used  for  pro¬ 
jecting  moving  pictures,  and  the  reproducing  phonograph, 
which  is  used  for  reproducing  the  sounds  originally  record¬ 
ed  synchronously  with  the  making  of  the  pictures  upon  the 
moving  picture  film,  may  be  placed  in  convenient  adjacent 
relation  to  one  another,  and  operated  from  a  simple  form 
of  mechanical  actuating  moans  common  to  both,  and  the 
sounds  which  have  been  recorded  upon  the  phonograph  may 
bo  reproduced  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  screen 
upon  v/hich  the  pictures  are  thrown,  so  that  the  sounds  shall 
appear  to  emanate  from  the  screen,  although  the  phonograph 
is  situated  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  o"'  the  projecting 
machine  and  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  screen. 

Within  the  scope  of  my  invention,  T  may  make  use 
of  a  variety  of  means  for  transmitting  the  vibrations  im¬ 
parted  to  the  stylus  of  the  phonograph  by  the  phonograph 
record,  to  the  reighhorhood  of  the  screen  and  thereat  re¬ 


producing  the  sounds  originally  recorded  upon  the  record, 
The  preferable  means  which  I  employ  for  this  purpose,  com- 


|  prises  a  telephone  circuit  where  on  is  impressed  an  electric 
||  current  varying  in  strength  in  correspondence  with  the 
|j  vibrations  imparted  to  the  phonograph  stylus  as  it  travel's- 
j|  es  the  phonograph  record,  and  means  in  the  neigliborhood  of 
j|  the  screen  for  transforming  the  undulations  of  the  electric 
jj  current  into  amplified  atmospheric  vibrations. 

|l 

I  In  order  that  my  invention  may  be  better  understood, 

attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawing,  wherein 
!i  Figure  1  is  a  diagrammatic  view  fchov  ing  the  preferred 
j|  relative  arrangement  of  the  kinetoscope ,  phonograph,  and 
I!  loud  speaking  telephone;  Figure  2,  in  a  diagrammatic  view, 
jj  partly  in  cross-section,  showing  the  transmitting  mechanism 
!j  and  one  form  of  receiving  mechanism,  and  Figure  3,  it  a 
|j  view  similar  to  Figure  3,  but  showing  a  modified  form  of 
1  sound  amplifying  receiving  mechanism.  In  all  of  the  Fig- 

jj  vires  of  the  drawings,  the  same  reference  numerals  are  used 

i 

j|  to  indioate  the  same  parts. 

Referring  to  Figure  1,  reference  numeral  1  indi- 
j  cates  a  portable  stand  on  which  the  kinetoscope  2  and  the 
j  Phonograph  3  are  mounted,  the  phonograph  preferably  being 
jj  firmly -secured  to.  the  stand,  as  for  example,  by  means  of 
||  screws,,  The  form  of  this  stand  may  be  -varied  to  adapt  it 
|  to  be  -placed  in  the  locations  provided  for  kinctoscopeB 
jj  in  theatres  and  the  like,  which  are  sometimes  difficult 
|j  of  access  and  require;  stands  specially  constructed  for 
jj  the  particular  location.  Common  driving  means  for  the  phon- 

Iograph  and  kinetoscope  is  provided,  in  the  illustration 
".one  of  these  machines  being  shown  as  being  driven  from 
'  1  the  other  through  a  belt  or  sprocket  chain  ±.  It  is  evi- 
’  dent,  of  course,  that  with  the  machines  connected  up  in 
I  this  W,  the  kinetoscope  may  be  driven  from  the  phonograph 


-5- 


motor  or  the  phonograph  may  ho  driven  from  the  kinetoseope 
or  the  tv/o  machines  may  he  separately  connected  to  a  single 
sourco  of  power,  it  being  important  only  that  a  simple  form 
of  mechanical  driving  means  he  employed,  common  to  both 
machines.  5  indicates  a  screen  where  on  the  picture  is 
thrown  by  the  kinetoseope,  and  the  receiving  apparatus, 
by  which  the  sound  is  audibly  reproduced  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  of  and  preferably  behind  .the  screen  whereon  the  motion 
pictures  are  displayed.  By  The  employment  cf.a  sound  am¬ 
plifying  receiver  or  by  providing  a  separate  sound  ampli¬ 
fier,  the  sounds  may  be  given  sufficient  strength  and 
I  volume  to  'carry  to  overy  part  of  the  building.  A  transmit- 

ter  7  replaces  the  reproducer  ordinarily  used  upon  the  phon* 

I  C* ,  ' 

j|  ograph,  jjik i'  circuit  connecting  tho  transmitter  and  receiver 

j!  Wing.)  shown  at  31 .  By  arranging  the  kinctoscopa  and  phono- 
j!  graph  in  fixed  relation  to  one  another  and  preferably  upon 
I  a  single  stand,  and  establishing  connections  be two on  the. 

I  transmitter  on  the  phonograph  and  the  receiver,  by  moans  of 

Ia  flexible  conductor,-  it  will  be  apparent  that  the  stand 
bearing  the  kinetoseope  and  phonograph  can  be  placed  i,h  what¬ 
ever  position  i ii  most  convenient  and  the  sounds  made  to 
emanate  from  the  neighborhood  of  the  screen,  and  at  the 
cams  time  the  kinetoseope  and  the  phonograph  may  bo  driven 
by  a  simple  mechanical  form  of  actuating  means,  which  ie 
necessary  in  order  to  successfully  maintain  the  synchronism 
between  the  moving  film  ana  the  rotating  record  necessary 
reproduce  the  sounds  and  motions  in  the  precise  relation^ 
/which  existed  between  them  when  /he  act  or  scene  was  per¬ 
formed. 

It  is  understood  that  the  record  and  negative  arc 
formed  simulAaneously .  This  may  be  done,  for  example,  by 


-4- 


'the  process  and  with  the  apparatus  set  out  in  my  earlier 
application  above  referred  to.  The  gearing  used  to  operate 
the  two  Machines  during  the  reproduction  of  sounds  and 
motions,,  is  so  proportionedaaa  to  rotate  the  machines  at 
precieely  the  seme  relative  speed  as  existed  between  the 
corresponding  machines  during  the  process  ;of  rocording, 
so  that  when  the  two  machines  have  onco  been  sot  into  oper¬ 
ation  the  film  and  record  in  the  precise  relation  existing 


II  between  them  during  the  original  performance  of  the  act  or 

|  scene,  this  identical  relation  will  be  maintained  through- 

ij  ! 

jj  out  the  exhibition  and  reproduction.  Keans  for  simultane- 

|  oaisly  setting  the  devices  into  operation  in  hbe  said  rela- 

|i  tion  is  disclosed  in  my  earlier  application  already  reforred 

|| 

j  to  and  such  means  while  it  may  bo  made  use  of  In  connection 
|  with  apparatus  of  the  present  invention,  forms  no  part 
|  hereof. 


The  telephone  transmitter  shown  in  Figure  2  is 
a  magneto  transmitter  provided  with  a  diaphragm  9,  having 
a  phonographic  stylus  operatively  connected  thereto,  this 
entire  device  being  used  to  replace  the  ordinary  repro¬ 
ducer  of  the  phonograph.  The  diaphragm  9  thus  serves  both 
as  the  diaphragm  of  a  phonograph  reproducer  and  as  the  dia¬ 
phragm  of  the  transmitter  7.  To  the  diaphragm  9  of  the 
transmitter  a  stylus  lavor  10  is  connected  hy  means  of  a 
link  th0  atylun  lover  being  pivoted  on  the  floating 
weight  12,  and  bearing  the  stylus  or  reproducing  point 
or  ball  13.  This  method  of  pivoting  the  stylus  lever, 
which  is  common  in  phonographs,  makes  it  possible  for 
the  stylus  to  adjust  itself  to  any  eccentricities  or  other 
considerable  variations  in  the  record  and  to  truly  follow 
the  record  groove.  The  vibrations  of  the  stylus  13  cause 


-5- 


jj  similar  vibrations  in  the  diaphragm  9_,  which  acts  to  im- 
press  undulating  currents  of  electricity  upon  the  circuit 
|  8,  as  in  any  ordinary  telephone  transmitter.  This  circuit 
1  8  is  connected  with  a  suitable  telephone  receiver  which 
may  be  of  the  ordinary  type,  or  it  may  be  of  the  motograph 
or  loud  speaking  telephone  type.  In  either  case  the  re- 
|j  ceiver  may  be  supplemental  in  its  action  by  means  of  a 
,j  sound  amplifying  moohanism  if  loud  sounds  are  desired  to 
|  be  produced. 

j  In  Figure  2  I  have  illustrated  a  receiver  of  the 

|  motograph  type,  the  chalk  cylinder  14  of  the  motograph 
being  connected  with  one  branch  of  the  circuit  0,  while 
the  electrode  or  pen  15  of  the  motograph,  as  it  is  common¬ 
ly  called,  is  connected  with  the  other  branch  of  the  cir¬ 
cuit.  As  is  well-known,  the  motograph,  which  is  of  my 
invention  and  which  is  described  in  United  States  Letters 
Patent,  No.  221,957,  dated  November  25,  1879,  is  operated 
by  variations  in  friction  produced  by  the  passage  of 
electric  currents  of  varying  strength  from  the  pen  or 
electrode  into  the  constantly  rotating  chalkVl4,^the^ de¬ 
gree  of  pressure  between  theBe  parts  being  regulated  by 
means  of  a  screw  or  equivalent  device  16,  and  the  vi¬ 
brations  produced  being  transmitted  to  a  diaphragm  17, 
which  sets  up  vibrations  in  the  atmosphere  corresponding 
to  those  impressed  upon  the  electric  current  at  the  trans¬ 
mitter,  and  these  vibrations  may  be  further  amplified  by 
means  of  a  horn  18  (See  Pig.  1)  .  Q.  ' 

In  Figure  3,  I  have  shown  a  receiver  having  opera¬ 
tively  connected  therewith  a  sound  amplifying  mechanism 
whereby  the  sounds  transmitted  may  be  very  greatly  ampli¬ 
fied.  The  chalk  receiver  iB  shown  in  this  figure  as  a 


|i 


means  of  transforming  the  undulations  of  the  electric 
current  into:  mechanical  vibrations,  but  it  is  understood, 
of  course,  that  any  form  of  telephone  receiver  could  be 
substituted  for  that  shown.  The  vibrations  of  the  pen 
or  electrode  15  (when  the  chalk  receiver  iB  UBed  for  the 
purpose  of  receiving  the  sounds)  are  communicated  to  an 
amplifying  sound  producing  mechanism.  I  may  make  use  of 
I  any  known  form  of  amplifying  mechanism  for  this  purpose, 
suoh,  for  example,  as  those  which  are  operated  by  friction, 
but  for  the  -purposes  of  illustration  I  have  shown  the  pen 
|  or  electrode  connected  to  the  valve  19  of, an  amplifying 
j  repj*duoep  which  18  °P® rated  by  means'  of 
j|  Thl8  producer  is  preferably  of  the  form  shown  and  des- 
°ribed  in  th0  application  of  Alexander  K.  Pierman,  Serial 
j  324,  filed  March  27,  1906,  and  is  preferably  oper- 

j  at8d  by  Buction-  a  current  of  air  being  drawn  through  the 
j  aperture  20  in  the  aide  of  the  reproducer,  it  being  under- 
j  stood  that  fluid  pressure  instead  of  suction  may  be  made 
!  U3e  °f  ’  in  which  caBe  «  will  be  necessary  to  reverse  the 
j  relative  positions  of  the  valve  19  and  itB  seat.  This 
amplifying  reproducer,  however,  is  no  part  of  my  invention, 
it  being  understood  that  this  device  or  any  other  equiva¬ 
lent  device  may  he  made  use  of  for  this  purpose. 

The  operation  of  the  devices  which  have  been  des¬ 
cribed  is  as  follows:-  A  positive  moving  picture  film  is 
Placed  in  the  kSnetoscope  and  a  phonograph  record  is  placed 
upon  the  mandrel  of  the  phonograph,  the  positive  film 
being  made  from  a  negative  which  was  taken  simultaneously 
with  the  production  of  the  phonograph  record  or  the  master 
record  of  which  such  record  is  a  duplicate.  The  mechanism 
is  set  into  operation  and  the  motion  picture  is  displayed 
upon  the  screen  by  the  kinetoscope,  and  at  the  same  time 


-7- 


I  the  Bounds  originally  producMimultnneously  with  the  mak- 
j  ing  of  the  picture  are  reproduced  behind  the  screen  or  in 
j  its  immediate  neighborhood  by  means  of  the  telephone  re¬ 
ceiver  and  sound  amplifier.  The  production  of  the  sounds 
jj  is  caused  by  the  phonograph  stylus,  vibrated  from  the 
ji  phonograph  record,  imparting  its  vibrations  to  the  dia- 
I  phragm  9,  and  the  vibrations  of  this  diaphragm  impresses 
j  entirely  corresponding  undulations  of  the  electric  current 
upon  tho  circuit  8,  which  undulations  are  transformed 
into  mo  chemical  vibrations  by  means  of  the  telephone  re¬ 
ceiver,  the  mechanical  vibrations  set  up  being  imparted 
directly  to  a  diaphragm  whereby  sound  waves  are  set  up 
in  the  atmosphere,  or  else  the  mechanical  vibrations  are 
imparted  to  an  amplifying  device  which  causes  sound  vibra- 
!  tipns  of  great  force  to  be  sot  up  in  tho  atmosphere. 

|j  Having  how  described  my  invention,  I  claim: - 

1.  The  combination  of  a  kinetosoope,  a  phonograph 
comprising  a  vibratabl^S^lu^  common  ‘mechanical  driving 
mechanism  for  the  two  machinel^&nd^ns  for  transforming 
vibrations  of  the  phonograph  stylus into^nid  vibrations  t 
emanating  from  a  point  at  a  distance  from  th^onqgraph, 
substantially  as  set  forth, 
j  '  Vr, 

In  devices  of  the  class  described,-  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  aNkinetoecope,  a  phonograph,  .common  mechanieal 
actuating  A^onlsm  for  the  two  machines,  a  screen  whereon 
j  motion  picturefNnay  be  prelected  by  the  kinetosoope,  and 


the  phonogjaph] 


inmit\jmg  the  ; 
.  2c ted- 


Titrations  produced  by  , 


t^eolass  described,  the  combina¬ 


tion  of  a  kinetosoope,  a  phon^?Sph^  common  mechanical 


-8- 


actuating  maSjhsnism  for  the  two  machines,  a  screen  where¬ 
on  motion  picture's^may  he  projected  hy  the  kinetoscopev 
meanB  for  transmitting  the ^eound  vibrations  produced  hy 
the  phonograph  so  that  they  emhn^te  from  the  neighborhood 
of  the  screen,  and  means  for  amplifying,  the  sounds,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 

Hon  of  a  kine  toscope ,  a  phonograph  | 
comprising  a  vihratable  stylus, 
mechanism  common  to  the  two 
n  motion  pictures  may  he  dis- 
!•,  arid. means  for  transforming  the  I 
aph  stylus  into  corresponding 
sighho'rhood  of  the  screen,  sub- 

D  bun  Uitij-xy  at>  set  rortn. 

b.'\he  combination  \f  a  kine toscope,  a  phonograph  j 
in  proximity  thereto  and  comprising  a  vihratable  diaphragm, | 
single  mechanical  driving  me chan^sm  common  to  the  two  ma¬ 
chines,  a  telephone  transmitter  adVpted  to  transform  the 
vibrations  of  the  phonograph  diaphragm  into  undulations  in  | 
an  electric  current,  a  telephone  receiVer  and  an  electrio 
circuit  connecting  the  said  transmitter \nd  receiver, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


6.  The  combination  of  a  kinetoscope\  a  phonograph  | 
in  proximity  thereto  and  comprising  a  vihratable  diaphragj 
single  mechanical  driving  mechanism  common  to  they,  two  ma¬ 
chines,  a  telephone  transmitter  adapted  to  transform  the 
vibrations  of  tho  phonograph  diaphragm  into  undulations  in  I 
an  electric  current,  a  telephone  receiver,  an  electrio\cir- 
cuit  connecting  the  said  transmitter,  and  receiver  and  s 
sound  amplifying  device  operatively  connected  with  the  sai\j 
receiver,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


7.  The  combination  of  a  kinetoscope,  a  phonograph 
comprising  asyibra  table  diaphragm,  a  single  mechanical 
driving  mechanism  common  to  the  kinetoscope  and  phonograph, 
a  screen  v/hereoiV  motion  pictures  may  he  projected  by  the 
kinctoscope ,  a  telephone  transmitter  sidapted  to  transform 
the  vibrations  of  ^ie  phonograph  diaphragm  into  undulations 
of  an  electric  current,  a  telephone  receiver  and  an  elec¬ 
tric  circuit  connecting  said  transmitter  and  receiver,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  f ortlA 

8.  The  combination^ of  a  kinetoscope,  a  phonograph 
comprising  a  vibra table  diaphragm,  a  single  mechanical 
driving  mechanism  common  to  the  kinetoscope  and  phonograph, 
a  screen  whereon  motion  pictures  nay  be  projected  by  the 
kinetoscope,  a  telephono  transmitter  adapted  to  transform 
the  vibrations  of  the  phonograph  cMaphragm  into  undulations 
of  on  electric  current,  a  telephone\receivor,  an  electric 
circuit  connecting  said  transmitter  and  receiver,  and 
sound  amplifying  device  operatively  corrected  with  the  said 
receiver,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

/  9.  In  devices  of  the  class  described,  the  com¬ 
bination  of  a  kinetoscope,  a  phonograph  comprising  a 
vibra table  diaphragm  in  proximity  thereto,  cofyuon  mechan¬ 
ical  actuating  means  therefor,  means  for  transmitting  the 
vibrations  of  the  diaphragm  into  corresponding  undulations 
in  an  electric  current  and  meanB  at  a  distance  froi 
kinetoscope  and  phonograph  for  transforming  the  undeletions 
of  the  electric  current  into  sound  vibrations,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 

10.  In  devices  of  the  olaBB  described,  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  a  kinetoscope,  a  phonograph  comprising  a  vibratabl* 


10- 


diaphragm  in  proximity  thereto,  common  mechanical  actuating 
mechanism  f (fiv^the  two  machines,  a  screen  whereon  motion 
pictures  may  ho  projected  by  the-'kinetoecopo,  means  for 
transforming  the  vibratl'ons  of'.  the  phonograph  diaphragm 
I  into  undulations  of  an  aide  tirtL'e^current ,  means  in  the  vi- 
i  oinity  of  the  screen  for  re c r.nverti'nfvvthe  undulations  of 
the  electric  current  into,  mechanical  vibrtfbA^ns ,  and  sound 
amplifying  means  adapted  to  transform  the  said  mbc^ianical 
vibration's  into  amplified  air  v/aves,  substantially  ae''be. 
forth. 


,^-ccxr:  £ 


stem  O 


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{EffjiS  specification  Sigtteb  anb  toitneSSeb  this  bap  of  190  & 


©atb* 

g>tate  of  Jleto  3fer Sep  ) 

Count?  of  CSSex  j 

7^/-^  .  abobe  nameb 

petitionee,  being  bulp  Stoorn,  bepoSeS  anb  Saps  tijat  be  isf  a  citizen  of  tfje  ®niteb 
States,  anb  a  resibent  of 


that  be  berilp  beliebes  IjitnSelf  to  be  tbe  original,  first  anb  Sole  inbentor  of  tlje 
improbements  in  ct^/S/u.  fa;  'h**£c**t  -a- 


bestribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tbc  annexeb  specification;  that  be  boes  not  ftnoto  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  tbat  tbe  Same  to  as  eber  fenoton  or  useb  before  \)\$  inbention  or 
biscoberp  thereof;  or  patenteb  or  bescribeb  in  anp  printeb  publication  in  tbe 

■JHniteb  States  of  America  or  anp  foreign  countrp  before  bis*  inbention  or 

biscoberp  thereof,  or  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  or  patenteb 
in  anp  countrp  foreign  to  the  fSJniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  than 
ttoelbe  months  prior  to  tljis  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  the 

fHniteb  States  for  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  anb  that  no 

application  for  patent  upon  Saib  inbention  has  been  fileb  bp  bint  or  bis!  legal 
representatibes  or  assigns  in  anp  foreign  countrp. 

_ J  _ 

g>toorn  to  anb  subscribeb  before  me  this  ni  bap  of  ^  190  ^ 

x/.  A/.  — _ 

Jlotarp  public. 


[deal] 


2—360. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C., 

Thomas  A.  Edison, 

C/o  Erank  L.  Dyer, 

Orange, 

Hew  Jersey. 

Please  find  below  a  commu.nica.tion  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 


Apparatus  for  Reproducing  Motions  and  sounds,  filed  March  J 
1900,  Serial  #422,660. 


This  case  has  been  examined. 

»*  </  ’  4|  D*  7  8111,1  9  0X0  re^octed  on 
Qemnan,  ^LOdflvO,  Berthon,  et.al.,  July  31,  1899 j  (88—16). 

The  remaining  claims  are  rejected  on  the  patent  to 
Berthon  ot^SL^ ,  in  vi ew  of 

U.S.  #678^566,  Higham,  July  16,  1907 {  \ 

(181-  Sound  Boxes-  Gramophones; j 

vdiich  shown  means  for  amplifying  telephonic  sounds. 

K. 


?  ' 


Examiner. 


IN  Tins  TOUTED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

Thomas  A.  EdiBon 

APPARATUS  FOR  REPRODUCING 
MOTION  AND  SOUNDS 

Filed  Maroh  25,  1908 
Serial  No.  422,650 

I  HONORABLE  COMMl SSI  ONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

||  In  response  to  Office  action  of  May 

I*  7,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  caBe  as  follows: 

Page  4  of  the  Specification,  line  14,  change 
"the"  before  "circuit"  to  -  a  -  .  Dine  15,  eraBe  "being" 
Page  6,  line  7,  change  "supplemental"  to  - 
supplemented  -  .  Line  20,  after  "chalk"  insert  -  oyl- 
p  inder  -  . 

:!  Cancel  Claim  1. 

Claim  2,  linoB  6  and  7,  erase  "so  that  they 
emanate  from  the  neighborhood  of  the  ooreen"  and  sub¬ 
stitute  therefor  -  to  a  point  closely  adjacent  to  the 
soreen,  and  means  at  said  point  for  giving  forth  the 
sounds  produced  by  such  vibrations  -  .  Renumber  thiB 
claim  as  1. 

Cancel  Claims  5,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9  and  10,  and 
substitute  the  following  claims  numbered  2  to  7  inclusive 

*  ^  &A/, 

In  devices  of  the  class  described,  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  akinetoscope,  a  phonograph  adjaoent  thereto, 
common  actuatingmechanism  for  the  two  machines,  a  Bcreen 


(1) 


whereon  motion  pictured  may  he  projected  by  the  kineto- 
s^ope,  vibratable  means  at  a  distance  from  the  phonograph 
andy closely  adjacent  to  said  screen,  and  means  for  causing 
the  said  vibratable  means  to  vibrate  in  accordance  with 
the  vibrations  set  up  by  the  said  phonograph,  substantial¬ 
ly  as  set  forth. 

\ 

/.  J.  \  In  devices  of  the  class  described,  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  a 'kinoto scope,  a  combined  ieiaptanaxiKHnsmifciitK 
phonograph  and  telephone  transmitter  closely  adjacent 
thereto  and  comprising  a  diaphragm,  means  for  vibrating 
the  same  in  accordance  with  sound  vibrations, -*nd  meanB  for! 
impressing  corresponding  undulations- thereby  on  an  electrio| 
circuit,  said  circuit,  driving  mechanism  for  the  kinoto- 
soope  and  phonograph  .and.a  be-lephone  receiver  in  said  cir- 

«—  - -ft.  J  .  }  fy.,  . 

cult,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

"  \ 

'> ,  4.  In  devices\  of  the  class  desoribed,  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  a  kinetoscope\  a  combined  phonograph  and  telephone 
transmitter  closely  adjacent  thereto  and  comprising  a 
diaphragm,  means  for  vibrating  the.-same  in  accordance  with 
sound  vibrations,  and  means  for'  impressing  corresponding 
undulations  thereby  on  an  'electric  circuit.  Bald  cirouit, 
driving  mechanism  for  the  kinetoscope  and  phonograph,  a 
screen  whereon  motion  pictures  may  bo  projected  by  the 
kinetoscope  and  means  closely  'adj acont  to  said  screen  for 
transforming  the  vibrations  of  said  circuit  into  ampli¬ 
fied  sound,  substantially  as  set\forth. 

if.  In  devices  of  the  clasB  described,  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  a  kinetoscope,  a  combined  phonograph  and  telephone 
transmitter  closely  adjacent  thereto  and  comprising  a 


(2) 


diaphragm,  naans  for  vibrating  the  aama  in  accordance  with 
sound  vibrations,  and  means  for  impressing  corresponding 
undulations  thereby  on  an  electric  circuit,  said  circuit, 
driving  mechanism  for  tho  kinotoscope  and  phonograph,  a 
soroon  whereon  motion  piotures  may  be  projected  by  the^ 
kineto scope  o.nd  a  chalk  receiver^for  transforming  the 
vibrations  of  said  circuit  into  amplified  sound,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth.' 

*4- 

6.  In  devices  of  the  class  described,  the  combina¬ 

tion  of  a  motograph,  means  for  operating  the  same,  and  an 
air  reproducer  operated ^by  said  motograph,  substantially 
as  Bet  forth.  \ 

7.  In  devices  of  the  class  described,  tho  combina¬ 
tion  of  a  rotating  chalk  cylinder,  a  friction  member  , 

resting  in  contact  with  the  same,  an  electrio  circuit 
including  the  said  parts,  and  an  air  reproducer  comprising 
a  valve  connected  to  the  said  friction  momber,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 

R  E  1£  A  R  K  S 

The  Examiner  is  requested  to  apply  the  reference 
character  18  to  the  amplifying  horn  shown  in  Figure  1  of 
the  drawings. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims  as 
amended  are  respectfully  requested.  It  is  to  be  noted 
that  the  German  patent  di solo bob  tho  idea  of  carrying  the 
sound  telephonioally  from  the  phonograph  to  the  various 
persons  seated  in  the  audience.  Applioant,  on  the  con¬ 
trary,  diBcloseB  the  idea  of  having  the  phonographio  BOunc s 
emanate  from  an  amplifying  horn  placed  back  of  or  closely 
adjacent  to  the  screen,  so  that  Bounds  appear  to  emanate 

(3> 


therefrom  during  the  projection  of  the  moving  pictures 
thereon.  It  also  is  to  he  noted  that  in  applicant's  de¬ 
vice  a  single  diaphragm  performs  the  double  functions  of 
telephone  transmitter  diaphragm  and  phonograph  diaphragm, 
whareaB,  no  such  construction  is  shown  in  the  German 
reference.  The  new  claims  as  submitted  herewith  are 
patentably  and  sje  cif  ically  different  from  the  references 
of  record,  and  applicant  is  thought  to  be  entitled  to 
the  same. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOUAS  A.  EDISON  ^ 

By 

His  Attorney 


Orange,  New  .Tersey 
liay  5th,  1909. 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.. 

Thomas  A,  Edison, 

C/o  Frank  1.  Dyer, 

Orange , 

JT.  CT. 


May  22,190^ 


Please  find  below 


change  of  your  application, 


Apparatus  for  Reproducing  Motions  and  Sound,  filed  piardh  23,  1908, 


Oase  considered  as  amended  Kay  6,  1909, 


Olaims  6  and  7  appear  to  cover  a  speoial  fom  of  amplifier 
vrtiioh  is  in  no  way  spooifioally  adapted  to  the  art  in  whioh  this 
application  is  being  examined.  Suoh  davloeB  are  classified  under 
Phonographs,  Class  181—2,  division  is  therefore  required  before 
further  action  will  be  taken  on  the  merits  or  novelty. 


IK  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OTP  ICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

APPARATUS  POR  REPRODUCING  ) 

MOTION  AND  SOUNDS  : 

Piled  March  23,  1908  : 

Serial  No.  422,650  : 


Room  No.  312. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  letter  of  May 
22,  1909,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows: 

Cancel  Claims  6  and  7« 

R  E  MA  R  K  S 

ClaimB  6  and  7  have  been  canceled  in  response 
to  the  Examiner's  requirement  of  division,  the  right 
to  file  a  divisional  application  upon  the  subject  matter 
of  these  claims  being  reserved.  An  action  upon  the 
merits  of  the  remaining  claims  and  allowance  of  the 
application  are  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 


His  Attorney 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
May  12th,  1910. 


8-260. 


BV:I . 


Thomua  A,  Edison, 


department  of  the  interior. 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„ 

June  21 ,  1010. 


C/o  Frank  Uv  Dyer, 

Orange,  Jf.J, 

Please  find  below  a-  communication  from 


n  charge  of  your  af 


422,650,  filed  March  23,  1003,  for  Apparatus  for  Reproducing  Motions 
and  Sounds, 


In  response  to  amendment  filed  ?£ay  13,  1910. 

Claim  1  is  rejected  on  the 

Fr.  Pat.  to  Faria,  375,869,  liar.  1j,  U07,  ( 38-  3,1).  )W.  Ml 

or  on  the  "  "  "  Pomarede,  375,057,  ,’Iuy  3,  1906  "  ", 

Claims  to  5  are  rejected  on  Faria  above  cited  or  on  Pomarede 

in  view  of 

0  Hatchett,  898,642,  Sept.  15,  1908,  ^  *' 

0  Amet,  573,071,  Dec.  15,  1896,  (88-1) 

A  4  IS 

v  Chisholm,  891253,  June  23,  1908 

There  is  held  to  he  no  invention  in  transmitting  the  energy  of  the 
sound  waves  from  the  phonograph  to  the  horn  olec  trio  ally  insteed  of 
by  tubes  as  shown  in  Pomarede. 


Examiner, 


IN  Tire  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE, 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  ) 

APPARATUS  FOR  REPRODUCING  ) 

MOTION  AND  SOUNDS  Room  No.  312 

Filed  March  23,  1908, 

Serial  No.  422,650. 

) 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  responne  to  Office  action  of  June  21, 

1910,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as  follows; 

In  line  12,  page  7,  cancel  “an  air  current" 
and  insert  in  place  thereof  a  current  of  air  or  other 
fluid. 

In  line  9,  claim  5,  after  "receiver" 
insert  having  an  air  or  fluid  reproducer  connected  there¬ 
with  -  , 

Cancel  claims  1  to  4  inclusive  and  change 
the  numeral  of  claim  5  to  1. 

Add  the  following  claims: 

2.  In  devices  of  the  class  described,  the  com¬ 
bination  of  a  kinetosoope,  a  combined  phonograph  and 
telephone  transmitter  closely  adjacent  thereto  and  com¬ 
prising  a  diaphragm,  means  for  vibrating  the  same  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  sound  vibrations,  means  for  impressing  corres¬ 
ponding  undulations  thereby  on  an  electric  circuit,  said 
circuit,  driving  mechanism  for  the  kinetosoope  and  phono¬ 
graph,  a  receiver  in  said  circuit,  and  an  air  or  fluid 


reproducer  connected  with  said  receiver,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 

3.  In  devices  of  the  class  described,  the  com¬ 
bination  of  a  kinetoscope ,  a  combined  phonograph  and 
telephone  transmitter  closely  adjacent  thereto  and  com¬ 
prising  a  diaphragm,  means  for  vibrating  the  same  in 
accordance  with  sound  vibrations,  means  for  impressing 
corresponding  undulations  thereby  on  an  electric  circuit, 
said  circuit,  driving  means  for  the  kinetoscope  and  the 
phonograph,  a  motograph  in  said  circuit,  means  for  operating 
the  same,  and  an  air  or  fluid  reproducer  operated  by  said 
motograph,  subotantially  as  set  forth. 

4.  In  devices  of  the  class  described,  the  com¬ 
bination  of  a  kinetoscope,  a  combined  phonograph  and 
telephone  transmitter  closely  adjacent  thereto  and  com¬ 
prising  a  diaphragm,  means  for  vibrating  the  same  in 
accordance  with  sound  vibrations,  means  for  impressing 
corresponding  undulations  thereby  on  an  electric  circuit, 
said  circuit,  driving  mechanism  for  the  kinetoscope  and 
phonograph,  a  rotating  chalk  cylinder  and  a  friction 
member  resting  in  contact  with  the  same  in  said  circuit, 
and  an  air  or  fluid  reproducer  comprising  a  valve  connected 
to  said  friction  member,  substantially  as  Bet  forth. 

REMARKS. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  olaims  as 
now  presented  are  respectfully  requested. 

The  applicant  has  found  that  in  combined  devices 
of  the  class  specified,  an  electrical  telephone  receiver, 


such  as  shown  in  the  prenoh  patent  to  Faria,  produces  a 
tone  which  is  so  unnatural  and  indistinct  as  to  he  highly 
detrimental  to  a  realistic  reproduction.  3y  combining 
an  air  reproducer  with  the  receiving  means  as  specified 
in  the  claims,  thiB  objection  is  obviated.  It  is,  there¬ 
fore,  thought  that  the  broad  combination  as  specified  in 
claim  2  and  the  more  specific  combinations  specified  in 
claims  1,  3  and  4  are  not  only  novel  but  also  patentable. 

Bespectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  -EDISON, 

Orange,  New  Jersey, 

June  6^'  1911.  His  Attorney. 


II 


-'7--  Room  .—312 


Paper  No _ .7, 

All  coimminlcalioim  rcaptctlnK  this 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON 


Thomas  A.  ‘Edison, 

0/0  Prank  L.  Dyer, 
Orange,  N,  J. 


July  13,  1911. 


i  i%m, 


sc  find  below  a  commun.ieali.oii.  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 

tor  Apparatus  for  Reproducing  Motions  and  Sounds,  filed -MarohSJ, 
1908,  Serial  No,  433,850. 


Case  reconsidered  as  amended  June  6,  1911. 

All  the  claims  are  rejected.  The  combination  of  a  kAneto- 
scope  and  a  phonograph  mechanioally  conneoted  together  and  horns 
adjacent  the  soreen,  with  one  type  of  sound-transmitting  apparatus 
being  old  (as  shown  by  De  Paria  or  Poraareddof  record),  no  inven¬ 
tion  is  involved  in  combining  the  first  named  apparatus  with  anot 
ther  type  of  sound- transmitting  meohanism  whether  the  second' 
sound- transmitti»g  meohanism  be  new  or  old,  sinoe  each  element 
act  in  its  own  way  in  the  corabinationirrespeotive  of  the  other. 
Applicant,  in  changing  the  sound- transmitting  mechanism  or  the 
type  of  phonograph,  has  merely  altered  one  element  of  an  old  com¬ 
bination  and  has  not  produoed  a  new  combination.  In  re  Me  Neil 
100  0.  G.  3178, 


TSxaminer. 


/ . /  .  '  ■ 

i  ■' 

APPLICANT:  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON,  A  CITIZEN  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES,  RESIDING  AT  LLEVJELLYN  PARK,  ORANGE, 
COUNTY  OF  ESSEX,  STATE  OF  NEW  JERSEY,  U.S.A.. 
INVENTOR: 

TITLE:  APPARATUS  FOR  REPRODUCING  MOTION  AND  SOUNDS. 


In  my  application,  filed  concurrently  here¬ 
with,  I  have  shown  and  described  an  apparatus  and  proc¬ 
ess  for  recording  motion, and  eounde  simultaneously  by 
means  of  a  moving  picture  camera  and  a  recording  phono¬ 
graph,  and  for  reproducing  the  motion  and  sounds  so 
recorded  by  means  of  a  moving  picture  projecting  machine, 
wherein  is  exhibited  a  positive  film  formed  from  the  neg¬ 
ative,  and  a  reproducing  phonograph,  a  simple  form  of 
mechanical  actuating  mechanism  being  provided  for  driving 
both  the  phonograph  and  the  camera,  during  the  performance 
of  the  act  or  scene,  and  the  same  or  a  precisely  similar 
form  of  driving  mechanism  being  made  use  of  to  operate 
the  moving  picture  projecting  machine  and  the  reproduc¬ 
ing  phonograph  during  the  reproduction  of  the  sound  and 
motions  which  had  previously  been  recorded-  I  have 
found  that  it  ie  essential  to  the  successful  operation 
of  these  devices  in  unieon  that  a  simple  form  of  mechanical 
driving  means,  common  to  both  the  machines,  be  provided, 
other  arrangements  for  effecting  the  synchronous  operation 
of  these  instruments,  such,  for  example,  as  synchronous 
electric  motors  operating  at  a  distance  from  one  another, 


being  too  complicated,  expensive  and  generally  unreliable 
to  secure  successful  and  practical  results.  In  the  practical 
operation  of  such  devices,  however,  in  theatres  or  other 
large  buildings  at  a  distance  from  the  studio  where  the 
sounds  and  motions  were  originally  recorded,  it  is  imprac¬ 
ticable  to  extend  an  ordinary  form  of  mechanical  drive,  such, 
for  instance,  as  a  shaft  used  for  driving  both  devices, 
from  the  neighborhood  of  the  moving  picture  projecting  ma¬ 
chine  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  reproducing  phonograph, 
when  the  latter  is  placed  behind  or  near  the  screen  whereon 
the  pictures  are  being  exhibited. 

The  object  of  the  present  invention  is  to  provide 
an  apparatus  whereby  the  projecting  machine  used  for  pro¬ 
jecting  moving  pictures,  and  the  reproducing  phonograph, 
which  is  used  for  reproducing  the  sounds  originally  record¬ 
ed  synchronously  with  the  making  of  the  pictures  upon  the 
moving  picture  film,  may  be  placed  in  convenient  adjacent 
relation  to  one  another,  and  operated  from  a  simple  form 
of  mechanical  actuating  means  common  to  both,  and  the 
sounds  which  have  been  recorded  upon  the  phonograph  may 
be  reproduced  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  screen 
upon  which  the  pictures  are  thrown,  so  that  the  sounds  shall 
appear  to  emanate  from  the  screen,  although  the  phonograph 
is  situated  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the  projecting 
machine  and  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  screen. 

Within  the  scope  of  my  invention,  I  may  make  use 
of  a  variety  of  means  for  transmitting  the  vibrations  im¬ 
parted  to  the  stylus  of  the  phonograph  by  the  phonograph 
record,  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  screen  and  thereat  re¬ 
producing  the  sounds  originally  recorded  upon  the  record, 

The  preferable  means  which  I  employ  for  this,  purpose,  com- 


prises  a  telephone  circuit  whereon  is  impressed  an  electric 
current  varying  in  strength  in  correspondence  with  the 
vibrations  imparted  to  the  phonograph  stylus  as  it  travers¬ 
es  the  phonograph  record,  and  means  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  screen  for  transforming  the  undulations  of  the  electric 
current  into  amplified  atmospheric  vibrations. 

In  order  that  my  invention  may  be  better  understood, 
attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawing,  wherein 
Figure  1  is  a  diagrammatic  view  showing  the  preferred 
relative  arrangement  of  the  kinetoscope,  phonograph,  and 
loud  speaking  telephone;  Figure  £,  is  a  diagrammatic  view, 
partly  in  cross-section,  showing  the  transmitting  mechanism 
and  one  form  of  receiving  mechanism,  and  Figure  3  is  a  view 
similar  to  Figure  S,  but  showing  a  modified  form  of  sound 
amplifying  receiving  mechanism.  In  all  of  the  Figures 
of  the  drawings,  the  same  reference  numerals  are  used  to 
indicate  the  same  parts. 

Referring  to  Figure  1,  reference  numeral  1_  indi¬ 
cates  a  portable  stand  on  which  the  kinetoscope  2  and  the 
phonograph  3  are  mounted,  the  phonograph  preferably  being 
firmly  secured  to  the  stand,  as  for  example,  by  means  of 
screws.  The  form  of  this  stand  may  be  varied  to  adapt  it 
to  be  placed  in  the  locations  provided  for  kinetoecopes 
in  theatres  and  the  like,  which  are  sometimes  difficult 
of  access  and  require  stands  specially  constructed  for 
the  particular  location.  Common  driving  means  for  the 
phonograph  and  kinetoscope  is  provided,  in  the  illustration 
one  of  these  machines  being  shown  as  being  driven  from  the 
other  through  a  belt  or  sprocket  chain  4.  It  is  evident, 
of  course,  that  with  the  machines  connected  up  in  this  way, 
the  kinetoscope  may  be  driven  from  the  phonograph  motor 

3 


or  the  phonograph  may  be  driven  from  the  kinetoscope  or 
the  two  machines  may  be  separately  connected  to  a  single 
source  of  power,  it  being  important  only  that  a  simple  form 
of  mechanical  driving  means  be  employed,  common  to  both 
machines.  5  indicates  a  screen  whereon  the  picture  is 
thrown  by  the  kinetoscope,  and  ,6  the  receiving  apparatus, 
by  which  the  sound  is  audibly  reproduced  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  of  and  preferably  behind  the  screen  whereon  the  motion 
pictures  are  displayed,  By  the  employment  of  a  sound  am¬ 
plifying  receiver  or  by  providing  a  separate  sound  ampli¬ 
fier,  the  sounds  may  be  given  sufficient  strength  and 
volume  to  carry  to  every  part  of  the  building.  A  transmit¬ 
ter  7.  replaces  the  reproducer  ordinarily  used  upon  the  phono¬ 
graph,  a  circuit  connecting  the  transmitter  and  receiver 
shown  at  2-  By  arranging  the  kinetoscope  and  phonograph 
in  fixed  relation  to  one  another  and  preferably  upon  a 
single  stand,  and  establishing  connections  between  the 
transmitter  on  the  phonograph  and  the  receiver,  hy  means  of 
a  flexible  conductor,  it  will  he  apparent  that  the  stand 
bearing  the  kinetoscope  and  phonograph  can  be  placed  in  what  - 
ever  position  is  most  convenient  and  the  sounds  made  to 
emanate  from  the  neighborhood  of  the  screen,  and  at  the 
same  time  the  kinetoscope  and  the  phonograph  may  be  driven 
by  a  simple  mechanioal  form  of  actuating  means,  vthioh  is 
necessary  in  order  to  suooessfully  maintain  the  synchronism 
between  the  moving  film  and  the  rotating  reoord  necessary 
to  reproduce  the  sounds  and  motions  in  the  precise  relations 
which  existed  between  them  when  the  aot  or  soene  was  per¬ 
formed. 

It  is  understood  that  the  reoord  and  negative  are 
formed  simultaneously.  This  may  be  done,  for  example,  by 

4 


the  process  and  with  the  apparatus  set  out  in  my  earlier 
applioation  above  referred  to.  The  gearing  used  to  operate 
the  two  machines  during  the  reproduction  of  sounds  and 
motions,  is  so  proportioned  as  to  rotate  the  machines  at 
preoisely  the  same  relative  speed  as  existed  between  the 
corresponding  machines  during  the  prooess  of  recording, 
so  that  when  the  two  meohines  have  onoe  been  set  into  oper¬ 
ation  the  film  and  record  in  the  precise  relatibn  existing 
between  them  during  the  original  performance  of  the  aot  or 
soene,  this  identical  relation  will  be  maintained  through¬ 
out  the  exhibition  and  reproduction.  keens  for  simultane¬ 
ously  setting  the  devices  into  operation  in  the  said  rela¬ 
tion  is  disclosed  in  my  earlier  applioation  already  referred 
to  and  suoh  means  wliile  it  may  be  made  use  of  in  connection 
with  apparatus  of  the  present  invention,  forms  no  part 
hereof. 

She  telephone  transmitter  shown  in  i'lgure  2  is 
a  magneto  transmitter  provided  with  a  diaphragm  9.,  having 
a  phonographio  stylus  operatively  connected  thereto,  this 
entire  device  being  used  to  replaoe  the  ordinary  repro¬ 
ducer  of  the  phonograph.  The  diaphragm  9  thus  serves  both 
as  the  diaphragm  of  a  phonograph  reproducer  and  as  the  dia¬ 
phragm  of  the  transmitter  7.  To  the  diaphragm  9  of  the 
transmitter  a  stylus  lever  10  is  connected  by  means  of  a 
link  11,  the  stylus  lever  being  pivoted  on  the  floating 
weight  12,  and  bearing  the  stylus  or  reproducing  point 
or  ball  13.  This  method  of  pivoting  the  stylus  lever, 
which  is  common  in  phonographs,  makes  it  possible  for 
the  stylus  to  adjust  itself  to  any  eocentrioities  or  other 
considerable  variations  in  the  record  and  to  truly  follow 
the  record  groove.  The  vibrations  of  the  stylus  13  oause 


5. 


similar  vibrations  in  the  diaphragm  9,  which  acts  to  im¬ 
press  undulating  currents  of  electricity  upon  the  circuit 
&,  as  in  any  ordinary  telephone  transmitter.  This  circuit 
8  is  connected  with  a  suitable  telephone  receiver  which 
may  be  of  the  ordinary  type,  or  it  may  be  of  the  motograph 
or  loud  speaking  telephone  type.  In  either  case  the  re¬ 
ceiver  may  be  supplemented  in  its  action  by  means  of  a 
sound  amplifying  mechanism  if  loud  sounds  are  desired  to 
be  produced. 

In  Figure  3  1  have  illustrated  a  receiver  of  the 
motograph  type,  the  chalk  cylinder  ,14  of  the  motograph 
being  connected  with  one  branch  of  the  circuit  8,  while 
the  electrode  or  pen  15  of  the  motograph,  as  it  is  common¬ 
ly  called,  is  connected  with  the  other  branch  of  the  cir¬ 
cuit.  As  is  well  known,  the  motograph,  which  is  of  my 
invention  and  which  is  described  in  United  States  betters 
Patent,  Ho.  281,957,  dated  November  25,  1879,  is  operated 
by  variations  in  friction  produced  by  the  passage  of 
electric  currents  of  varying  strength  from  the  pen  or 
electrode  into  the  constantly  rotating  chalk  cylinder  14. 
the  degree  of  pressure  between  these  parte  being  regulated 
by  means  of  a  screw  or  equivalent  device  16,  and  the  vi¬ 
brations  produced  being  transmitted  to  a  diaphragm  17 . 
which  sets  up  vibrations  in  the  atmosphere  corresponding 
to  those  impressed  upon  the  electric  current  at  the  trans¬ 
mitter,  and  these  vibratione  may  be  further  amplified  by 
means  of  a  horn  18  (See  Fig.  1). 

In  Figure  3,  I  have  shown  a  receiver  having  opera¬ 
tively  connected  therewith  a  sound  amplifying  mechanism 
whereby  the  sounds  transmitted  may  be  very  greatly  ampli¬ 
fied.  The  chalk  receiver  is 

6 


shown  in  this  figure 


meant'  of  transforming  the  undulations  of  the  electric 
current  into  mechanical  vibrations,  but  it  is  understood, 
of  course,  that  any  form  of  telephone  receiver  could  be 
substituted  for  that  shown.  The  vibrationeof  the  pen 
or  electrode  ,15  (when  the  chalk  receiver  is  used  for  the 
purpose  of  receiving  the  sounds)  are  communicated  to  an 
amplifying  sound  producing  mechanism.  I  may  make  use  of 
any  known  form  of  amplifying  mechanism  for  this  purpose, 
such,  for  example,  as  those  which  are  operated  by  friction, 
but  for  the  purposes  of  illustration  T.  have  shown  the  pen 
or  electrode  connected  to  the  valve  .19  of  an  amplifying 
reproducer  which  is  operated  by  means  of  an  air  current. 
This  reproducer  is  preferably  of  the  form  shown  and  des¬ 
cribed  in  the  application  of  Alexander  N.  Pierman,  Serial 
No.  307,334,  filed  March  £7,  1906,  and  is  preferably  oper¬ 
ated  by  suction,  a  current  of  air  being  drawn  through  the 
aperture  £0  in  the  side  of  the  reproducer,  it  being  under¬ 
stood  that  fluid  pressure  instead  of  suction  may  be  made 
use  of,  in  which  case  it  will  be  necessary  to  reverse  the 
relative  positions  of  the  valve  19  and  its  seat.  This 
amplifying  reproducer,  however,  is  no  part  of  my  invention, 
it  being  understood  that  this  device  or  any  other  equiva¬ 
lent  device  may  be  made  use  of  for  this  purpose. 

The  operation  of  the  devices  which  have  been  des¬ 
cribed  ie  as  follows:-  A  positive  moving  picture  film  is 
placed  in  the  kinetoscope  and  a  phonograph  record  is  placed 
upon  the  mandrel  of  the  phonograph,  the  positive  film 
being  made  from  a  negative  which  was  taken  simultaneously 
with  the  production  of  the  phonograph  record  or  the  master 
record  of  which  such  record  ie  a  duplicate.  The  mechanism 
ie  set  into  operation  and  the  motion  picture  is  displayed 
upon  the  screen  by  the  kinetoscope,  and  at  the  same  time 

7 


the  sounds  originally  produced  simultaneously  with  the  mak¬ 
ing  of  the  picture  are  reproduced  behind  the  screen  or  in 
its  immediate  neighborhood  by  means  of  the  telephone  re¬ 
ceiver  and  sound  amplifier.  The  production  of  the  sounds 
is  caused  by  the  phonograph  stylus,  vibrated  from  the 
phonograph  record,  imparting  its  vibrations  to  the  dia¬ 
phragm  9,  and  the  vibrations  of  this  diaphragm  impresses 
entirely  corresponding  undulations  of  the  electric  current 
upon  the  circuit  8,  ’which  undulations  are  transformed 
into  mechanical  vibrations  by  means  of  the  telephone  re¬ 
ceiver,  the  mechanical  vibrations  set  up  being  imparted 
directly  to  a  diaphragm  whereby  sound  waves  are  set  up 
in  the  atmosphere,  cr  else  the  mechanical  vibrations  are 
imparted  to  an  amplifying  device  which  causes  sound  vibra¬ 
tions  of  great  force  to  be  set  up  in  the  atmosphere. 


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Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 


Telegraph,  Freight  and  Passenger  Station.  NEW  VILLAGE.  N.  J. 

p.  o.  address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J. 


April  23, 

Mr.  Prank  I>.  Dyer, 

Edison  laboratory,  IA- 

T 

Orange,  N.  J. 

Dear  Mr.  Iyer; 

1) 

I  beg  herewith  to  hand  you  a  letter  from  Mr.  MaBon 
enclosing  a  sketch  of  the  new  chalk  feed  which  we  are  now  using 
on  our  kilns  and  which  is  a  very  great  success.  I  suggest  that 
you  take  this  matter  up  immediately  with  Mr.  Edison  and  arrange 
to  have  it  patented,  if  possible,  as  it  is  undoubtedly  the  biggest 
advance  we  have  made  in  our  kiln  practioe  in  a  long  time,  the 
output  from  the  same  kiln  being  increased  very  materially.  For 
instance,  Kiln  No.  5,  on  which  this  device  is  working,  in  13  days 
made  10,784  barrels,  while  Kiln  No.  6,  which  is  working  with  the 
old  feed^but  all  other  conditions  the  same,  made  7,380  barrels  for 
the  same  period,  so  you  see  that  it  is  a  master  of  very  great 
importance,  as  it  materially  increases  outputs  and  we  believe  will 
also  very  much  reduce  the  fuel  consumption  per  barrel.  We  are 
having  the  test  made  and  can  send  you  this  information  in  a  few 


1  Yours  very  truly, 


p. 


«*G  &woy u 

TRe  Edison  Portland  Cement  Co. 


Telegraph,  Freight  and  Passenger  Station.  NEW  VILLAGE.  N.  J. 

p.  o.  address.  STEWARTSVILLE,  N.  J. 


Unlcm’Bu'Idfn 
...A88.,  Pott  Office  8qi 

Savannah,  Oa.(  National  Bank 

April  21,  1908. 


Mr.  W.  S.  Mallory, 

Vice  President 

Dear  Sir; 

Enclosed  is  a  Bketch  showing  the’ new  chalk  feed 
that  we  are  now  using  on  our  kilns.  So  far  hy  testB  on 
one  kiln  this  increases  the  output  from  20  to  30^,  on 
account  of  it  feeding  very  regularly.  This  in  my  opinion 
is  due  to  two  reasons: 

1st:  The  five  screws  feeding  from  different  parts 
of  the  hin  causes  the  ohalk  to  settle  down  grad¬ 
ually  over  the  entire  hin  and  thus  we  avoid  the 
formation  of  arches  and  holes  in  the  chalk  which 
avalanche  and  cause  the  chalk  to  run  more  freely  +. 
which  makes  the  feed  irregular 

2nd:  if  one  screw  should  fail  to  feed  for  a  time, 
it  would  affect  the  output  only  20#,  while  with 
one  screw  aoting  aB  a  feed  the  output  would  he 
affected  1OC0S  in  case  of  any  trouble 

As  near  as  I  can  find  out,  all  cement  mills  use 
a  single  screw  in  the  bottom  of  the  raw  material  bins, 
and  they  all  feed  irregularly.  An  irregular  feed  of  course 
makes  the  kiln  more  difficult  to  handle  and  we  believe 
causes  an  excess  of  fuel  to  be  burned  to  take  care  of 
these  irregularities.  You  will  note  that  this  feed  is 
driven  from  an  idler  of  the  kiln.  This  is  done  so  that 


WSM.  .  .2.  4/21/08 

when  the  kiln  is  slowed  down  to  increase  the  heat  for 
a  few  moments,  the  amount  of  chalk  going  into  the  kiln 
is  proportionate.  You  will  note  that  the  screws  are 
partially  covered  inside  the  hin  so  they  will  feed  from 
certain  points  only.  By  this. means  as  stated  above, 
the  chalk  settles  down  over  the  full  area  of  the  bin. 

Yours  very  truly, 

WHM"CEH  l4Sj 

Enclosure  Sup’t 


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ACTIONS. 


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sr— 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 
Counsel, 


u 


ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY. 


sis 


W.  L.  EDISON. 

SPARK  PLUG. 

APPLICATION  TILED  JUNE  0,  1008. 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

WILLIAM  E.  EDISON,  OP  ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY. 

SPARK-PLUG. 


1,081,738.  Spcciacation  of  Letter.  Patent.  Patented  Dec.  1C,  1913. 

Application  Med  Tune  9, 1908.  Serial  No.  437,815. 


To  all  whom  it  may  concern ; 

He  it  known  that  I,  William  L.  Edison,  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America,  re¬ 
siding  at  Orange,  in  the  county  of  Essex 
6  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  have  invented  cer¬ 
tain  new  and  useful  Improvements  in  Spark- 
Plugs,  of  which  the  following  is  a  specifica¬ 
tion,  reference  being  had  therein  to  the  ac¬ 
companying  drawing. 

10  This  invention  relates  to  a  spark-plug  of 
the  jump-spark  class  for  internal  combus¬ 
tion  engines,  my  object  being  to  extend  the 
conductors  through  the  core  of  porcelain, 
or  other  insulating  material,  in  such  a  man- 
15  ncr  that  tho  core  will  not  be  weakened  as 
much  as  usual,  and  will  be  much  less  liable 
to  break. 

With  this  and  other  objects  in  view  my  in¬ 
vention  consists  in  the  peculiarities  herein- 
20  after  more  fully  described  and  claimed. 

Referring  to  the  accompanying  drawings, 
Figure  1  represents  a  longitudinal  elevation 
of  my  complete  spark  plug.  Fig.  2,  a  simi¬ 
lar  view  partly  in  section.  Fig.  3,  a  longi- 
25  tudinal  section.  Fig.  4,  an  end  view,  Fig.  5, 
an  end  view  of  the  opposite  or  outer  cud  of 
tho  plug,  with  the  cap  removed,  and  Fig. 
C,  a  diagrammatic  view. 

Each  of  the  two  electrical  conductors,  to- 
30  gather  with  tho  external  connectors  and  the 
spark  gaps,  are  constructed  exactly  alike, 
and  a  description  of  one  will  apply  to  both. 

The  reference  numeral  1  indicates  an  ordi¬ 
nary  spark  plug  bushing  provided  with  tn- 
36  poring  threads  adapted  to  screw  into  the 
cylinder  head  of  a  gas  engine. 

2  is  nn  elongated  core  composed,  prefer¬ 
ably,  of  porcelain,  although  it  might  bo 
mnile  of  mien  or  glass.  This  core  has  a  cen- 
40  trill  circular  enlargement  3  adapted  to  enter 
the  bushing  and  to  be  clamped  between  a 
shoulder  4  and  the  end  of  a  locking  sleeve  5 
screwed  into  the  bushing  and  surrounding 
the  core.  Suitablo  washers  C  are  interposed 
46  between  the  parts  to  make  a  gas-tight  joint 
and  prevent  breakage  under  pressure  of  the 
sleeve. 

7  represents  n  short  alining  pin  fixed  to 
tho  inside  of  the  bushing  1  and  adapted  to 
SO  enter  nn  open  slot  8  extending  across  the 
side  of  the  circular  enlargement  3  whereby 
the  core  is  retained  in  its  proper  nlincment 
and  whereby  the  spark-gap  terminals  are 
always  brought  opposite  ench  other  in  tho 
66  act  of  assembling  tho  parts. 

Two  separate  and  independent  electrical 


circuits  9*  and  D6,  Fig.  0,  extend  longitudi¬ 
nally  through  tho  core  2  of  tho  plug,  each 
consisting  of  a  conductor  10,  such  ns  nn  or¬ 
dinary  wire  of  any  proper  material,  tapered  00 
down  and  secured  in  any  suitnble  mnnncr  to 
nn  exceedingly  fine  gage  sparking  terminal 
9.  Tho  conductor  10  may  bo  either  inte¬ 
gral  or  fused  with  tho  reduced  terminal. 

The  purpose  of  thus  reducing  tho  terminal  66 
down  to  tho  thread-like  gage  is  to  choke  or 
intensify  tho  current  at  the  spnrk  gap,  and 
thereby  prodtico  a  stronger  spnrk  which  will 
bo  more  potential  in  igniting  the  gases  in 
the  cylinder  of  nn  internal  combustion  en-  70 
gino,  and  particularly  so  when  the  gas  is 
under  extremely  high  compression.  Said 
tenninnl  is,  preferably,  composed  of  plati¬ 
num,  or  any  other  good  conductor  capable 
of  resisting  tho  disintegrating  effects  of  in-  76 
tense  heat,  nnd  its  extreme  outer  end  lies 
(lush  with  the  sparking  or  smaller  end  of 
the  plug,  in  contradistinction  to  those  spnrk 
gap  terminals  or  points  which  project  a 
short  distance  beyond  the  end  of  tho  plug.  80 
Tho  conductor  10  extends  longitudinally 
through  the  core  of  tho  plug  in  a  slightly 
torsional  or  spiral  line  for  the  purpose  of 
avoiding  ns  much  ns  possible  tho  more  weak¬ 
ening  effect  of  running  these  two  conduc-  86 
tors  in  straight  parallel  lines,  for  it  is  de¬ 
sirable  to  maintain  ns  much  strength  ns  pos¬ 
sible  in  the  core,  owing  to  its  susceptibility 
to  breakage  from  vibration..  Tho  upper  end 
of  each  conductor  10  terminates  in  a  head  90 
11  which  sits  in  the  lower  end  of  a  longitudi- 
nnl  hole  12  in  which  is  loented  n  tubular 
electrical  conductor  13  connected  with  a  lat¬ 
eral  extending  stem  of  a  binding  screw  14. 
This  stem  is  connected  to  the  tubular  con-  96 
ductor  by  a  screw  connection  15  on  the  in¬ 
side,  its  outer  end  being  provided  with  the 
usual  binding  screw  10. 

As  already  stated,  tho  inner  or  sparking 
end  of  the  core  2  is  conical  and  the  reduced  100 
wire  terminals  9  emerge  from  the  opposite 
sides  of  the  inclined  wall  thereof  . at  a  point 
nbout  half  way  between  the  apex  and  the 
bnse  of  the  cone,  thereby  separating  the  two 
terminals  sufficiently  to  bring  them  opposite  106 
or  under  two  inturned  hook-shaped  termi¬ 
nals  or  sparking  points  17  and  17*.  These 
points  are  set  in  the  ends  of  the  bushing  1 
in  the  old  nnd  well  known  manner,  so  that 
the  current  will  jump  from  the  terminals  9  no 
to  tho  terminals  17  nnd  17*  whenever  the 
circuits  are  completed.  It  will  bo  seen  that 


1,081,788 


tins  location  of  Hie  two  terminals  9  in  rela¬ 
tion  to  each  other  allows  the  outer  end  of 
the  conical  portion  of  the  core  2  to  como 
between  the  terminals  and  thereby  assist  in 
i  preventing  the  establishment  of  a  short  cir¬ 
cuit.  The  lino  wire  terminals  or  electrodes 
9  are  linked  in  tlio  porcelain  in  order  to 
perfectly  insulate  them  as  well  ns  to  more 
efficiently  prevent  the  escapo  of  gas  back 
I  through  the  plug.  I  have  found  in  practice 
that  the  hue  wire  conductors  will  condense 
the  current  and  produce  a  much  more  effec¬ 
tive  spark  for  igniting  gas  under  high  com¬ 
pression  than  it  they  were  made  of  tlio  full- 
si/.ed  wires  heretofore  employed. 

The  boro  of  the  bushing  l'is  considerably 
larger  than  the  diameter  of  the  coro  2,  in 
order  to  leave  a  surrounding  chamber  for 
the  free  circulation  of  the  gases  during  ex¬ 
plosion  to  break  up  the  accumulation  of  soot 
that  might  otherwise  collect  to  short  circuit 
tlio  spark  gap. 

IS  represents  a  cap  which  fits  over  the  top 
of  tlio  plug  in  order  to  give  it  a  neat  appear¬ 
ance  and  protect  the  connections. 

Having  thus  described  my  invention, 
what  I  claim  as  now  and  desire  to  secure  by 
Letters  Patent,  is: 

1.  In  a  spark  plug,  the  combination  of  a 
non-conducting  core  having  a  conical  spark¬ 
ing  end  and  a  pair  of  electrical  conductors 
insulated  from  eacli  other  and  passing  lon¬ 
gitudinally  through  the  coro,  said  conduc¬ 
tors  terminating  flush  with  (lie  conical  sur- 

'  face  of  said  sparking  end  on  opposite  sides 
of  tile  apex  of  the  cone,  substant  ially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 

2.  In  a  spark  plug,  tlio  combination  of  a 
non-conducting  core  having  a  conical  spark¬ 
ing  end,  a  pair  of  conductors,  insulated 
from  cadi  other,  and  passing  longitudinally 
through  the  core,  and  a  fine  gage  sparking 
terminal  secured  to  the  end  of  each  conduc¬ 
tor,  said  terminals  terminating  (lush  with  the 
conical  surface  of  said  sparking  end  on  op¬ 
posite  sides  of  the  apex  of  the  cone,  substan¬ 
tially  ns  described. 

8.  Ill  a  spark  plug,  tile  combination  of  a 

ing  end,  a  pair  of  conductors,  insulated 
from  each  other,  and  passing  longitudinally 
through  the  core,  and  n  fine  gage  sparking 
terminal  secured  to  the  end  of  each  con¬ 


ductor,  said  terminals  terminating  flush 
with  the  conical  surface  of  said  sparking  55 
end  on  'opposite  sides  of  tlio  apex  of  the 
cone,  and  said  terminals  being  baked  in  the 
coro,  a  conducting  bushing  surrounding  snid 
core,  and  spark  terminals  carried  by  said 
bushing  and  cooperating  with '  said  first  00 
mentioned  terminals  to  form  spark  gaps, 
substantially  as  described. 

I.  In  a  spark  plug,  the  combination  of 
a  non-conducting  core  having  a  'conical 
sparking  end  and  n  pair  of  electrical  con-  05 
doctors  insulated  from  each  other  and  pass¬ 
ing  longitudinally  through  tlio  coro,  said 
conductors  terminating  (lush  with  the  coni¬ 
cal' surface  of  snid  sparking  end  on  oppo¬ 
site  sides  of  the  apex  of  the  cone,  a  conduct-  70 
ing  bushing  surrounding  snid  coro,  and  a 
pair  of  sparking. terminals  carried  by  said 
bushing  adapted  to  cooperate  with  tlio  ter¬ 
minals  of  tliu  electrical  conductors  of  tlio 
core  to  form  a  pair  of  spark  gaps,  snid  core  76 
and  bushing  being  provided  with  cooperat¬ 
ing  means  which  upon  the  assembling  of  the 
core  and  bushing  insures  that  said  terminnls 
will  always  bo  brought  into  the  same  rela¬ 
tive  and  correct  positions  to  form  said  spark  80 
gaps,  substantially  as  described. 

5.  In  a  spark  plug,  tlio  combination  of  n 
non-conducting  core  linving  a  conical  spark¬ 
ing  end,  a  pair  of  conductors  insulated  from 
each  other  and  passing  longitudinally  85 
through  tlie  core,  a  fino  gago  sparking  ter¬ 
minal  secured  to  the  end  of  each  conductor, 
said  terminals  terminating  (lush  with  the 
conical  surface  of  said  sparking  end  on  op¬ 
posite  sides  of  the  apex  of  the  cone,  a  con-  00 
ducting  bushing  surrounding  the  said  core, 
and  sparking  terminals  carried  by  said 
bushing  and  cooperating  with  said  first  men¬ 
tioned  terminals  to  form  spark  gaps,  said 
core  and  bushing  being  provided  with  co-  06 
operating  means  which  upon  the  assembling 
of  the  core  and  bushing  insures  that  said 
terminals  will  always  be  brought  into,  the 
same  relative,  and  correct  positions  to  form 
said  spark  gaps,  substantially  as  described.  100 
In  testimony  whereof  I  affix  my  signature 
in  presence  of  two  witnesses. 

WILLIAM  L.  EDISON. 

Witnesses: 

Eiiesa  G.'DuBois, 

C.  B.  ScnnoEDEii. 


This  invention  relates  to  a  opark  plug  of  the  Jump 
spark  class,  for  internal  combustion  engines,  ray  object  be¬ 
ing  to  provide  a  plug  by  means  of  which,  two  entirely  sepa¬ 
rate  and  independent  electrical  systems  or  circuits  nay  be 
employed  either  alternately  or  simultaneously,  for  pro¬ 
ducing  one  or  two  sparks  whereby  the  plug  may  be  connected 
separately  or  together  with  a  battery  or  with  a  magneto. 

A  further  object  of  my  invention  is  the  provision  of 
means  for  producing  a  moro  offeotive  spark,  and  thereby 
attaining  bettor  ignition  under  higher  compression  than 
has  hitherto-been  acoomplished.  With  these  and  other  ob¬ 
jects  irt 'View,  ray  invention  consists  in  the  peculiar  fea¬ 
tures  and  combinations  of  parts  more  fully  described  here¬ 
inafter  and  pointed  out  in  the  claims. 

Bof 01-ring  to  the  accompanying  drawings, 

Figure  1  represents  a  longitudinal  elevation  of 
my  complete  spark  plug. 

Figure  2,  a  similar  view  partly  in  section. 

Figure  3,  a  longitudinal  section. 

Figure  4,  an  end  view. 

Figure  5,  an  end  view  of  the  opposite  or  outor  end 
of  tho  plug,  with  the  cap  removed,  and 

Figure  6,  a  diagrammatic  view. 

Each  of  the  two  electrical  conductors,  together  with 
the  external  conneotors  and  the  spark  gaps,  are  constructed 
exaotly  alike,  and  a  description  of  one  will  apply  to  both. 
The  reference  numeral  1  indicates  an  ordinary  spark  plug 
bushing  provided  with  tapering  threads  adapted  to  screw 
into  tho  cylinder  head  of  a  gas  engine.  2  is  an  elongated 
core  composed,  preferably,  of  porcelain,  although  it  might 
be  made  of  mioa  or  glass.  This  core  has  a  central  circu¬ 
lar  enlargement  3  adapted  to  enter  the  buBhing  and  to  be 


dumped  between  a  shouldor  4  and  the  end  of  a  looking 
oleeve  5  acrewod  into  the  bushing  and  surrounding  the  core. 
Suitable  washers  C  aro  interposod  between  the  partB  to 
make  a  gas-tight  joint  and  prevent  breakage  under  pressure 
of  the  sleeve.  7  represents  a  short  aligning  pin  fixed 
to  the  inside  of  the  bushing  1  and  adapted  to  enter  an 
open  slot  8  extending  across  the  side  of  the  circular  en¬ 
largement  3  whereby  the  core  is  retained  in  its  proper 
alignment  and  whereby  the  spark-gap  terminals  are  always 
brought  opposite  each  other  in  the  act  of  assembling  the 
parts.  Two  ooparate  and  independent  eleotrioal  cirouits 
9a  and  9b,  Figure  6,  extend  longitudinally  through  the 
core  2  of  the  plug,  oaoh  consisting  of  a  conductor  10, 
such  as  an  ordinary  wire  of  any  proper  material,  tapered 
down  ancl  socurod  in  any  suitable  manner  to  an  exceedingly 
fine  gauge  sparking  terminal. 9,  The  conductor  10  may 
be  either  integral  or  fused  with  the  reduced  terminal. 

The  purpose  of  thus  reducing  the  terminal  down  to  the 
thread-like  gauge  1b  to  choke  or  intensify  the  current 
at  the  spark  gap,  and  thereby  produco  a  stronger  spark 
whioh  will  bo  more  potential  in  igniting  the  gases  in  the 
cylinder  of  an  internal  combustion  engine,  and  particular¬ 
ly  so  when  the  gas  is  under  extremely  high  compression. 

Said  terminal  is,  preferably,  composed  of  platinum,  or 
any  other  good  oonduotor  capable  of  resisting  the  disin¬ 
tegrating  effects  of  intense  heat,  and  its  extreme  outer 
end  lies  flush  with  the  sparking  or  smaller  end  of  the 
|  plug,  in  contradiotinotion  to  those  spark  gap  terminals 
j  or  points  which  project  a  short  distanoe  beyond  the  end 
of  tho  plug.  The  conductor  10  extends  longitudinally 
through  the  core  of  the  plug  in  a  slightly  torsional  or  j 
spiral  line  for  the  purpose  of  avoiding  as  muoh  as  possi- 


-2- 


ble  the  more  weakening  effeot  of  running  these  two  con¬ 
ductors  in  straight  parallel  linen,  for  it  is  desirable  1 
to  maintain  as  much  strength  as  possible  in  the  core, 
owing  to  its  susceptibility  to  breakage  from  vibration. 

The  upper  end  of  each  conductor  10  terminates  in  a  head 
11  vfoioh  sets  in  the  lov7er  end  of  a  longitudinal  hole  12 
in  which  is  located  a  tubular  olootrical  conduotor  13 
connected  with  a  lateral  extending  stem  of  a  binding  screw 
14.  This  stem  is  connected  to  the  tubular  conduotor  by  a 
screvf  connection  15  on  the  inside,  its  outer  end  being 
provided  with  the  usual  binding  screw  16.  As  already 
stated,  the  inner  or  sparking  end  of  the  core  2  is  coni¬ 
cal  and  the  reduced  wire  terminals  0  emerge  from  the  op¬ 
posite  sides  of  tho  inclined  wall  thereof  at  a  point 
about  half  way  between  the  apex  and  the  baso  of  tho  cone, 
thereby  separating  tho  two  terminals  sufficiently  to 
bring  them  opposite  or  under  two  inturned  hook-shaped 
terminals  or  sparking  points  1^.  Those  points  are  sot 
in  the  ends  of  tho  hushing  1  in  the  old  and  well  known  ^ 
manner,  so  that  the  curront  will  Jump  from  the  terminals  ‘ 

9  to  tho  terminal  17,  whenever  •fc-ctrou4.^-isi  completed,  i  ! 
It  will  be  seen  that  this  location  of  the  two  terminals 
9  in  relation  to  each  other  allows  the  outer  end  of  the 
conical  portion  of  the  core  2  to  come  between  the  ter¬ 
minals  and  thereby  assist  in  preventing  the  establish¬ 
ment  of  a  short  circuit.  The  fine  wire  terminals  or  elec¬ 
trodes  9  are  haked  in  the  porcelain  in  order  to  perfectly 
insulate  them  as  well  as  to  more  efficiently  prevent  the 
osoape  of  gas  back  through  the  plug.  I  have  found  in 
practioo  that  the  fine  wire  oonduotors  will  condense  the 
current  and  produce  a  much  more  effective  spai-k  for  ignit¬ 
ing  gas  under  high  compression  than  if  they  wore  made  of 


the  full-Bized  wire®  heretofore  employed,  ihe  horo  of  the/ 
hushing  1  is  considerably  larger  than  the  diameter  of  the  j 
core  2,  in  order  to  leave  a  surrounding  ohamber  for  the 
free  circulation  of  the  gases  during  explosion  to  break 
up  the  accumulation  of  soot  that  might  otherwise  oolleot 
to  short  circuit  tho  spark  gap.  18  represents  a  cap  ')  '// 
whioh  fits  ovor  tho  top  of  the  plug  in  order  to  give 
it  a  neat  appearance  and  protect  the  oonneotions. 


Having  thus  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 
an  new  and  desire  to  seourc  by  Letters  Patent,  is: 

\ 

l  spark  plug  having  a  central  oore  corapocod 
of  insulating,  material,  and  a  surrounding  bushing  and 
sleeve  \f or  holding  said  core,  in  combination  with  two 
longitudinal  independent  electrical  oonduotors  extending 
through  tho  plug  dncl  terminating  at  the  inner  ond  of  said 


2.  A\spark  pltig  provided  with  a  oore  containing 
two  longitudinal  eloctrioal  circuits,  in  combination  with 
two  terminals  at  the  opposite  ends  of  said  core,  and  a 
bushing  provided  with  electrodos  adapted  to  co-operate 
with  the  terminals, of  Baid  \lrcuits. 

3.  A  spark  plug  provided  with  a  core  containing 
two  independent  electrioal  oirctiits,  in  combination  with 
a  pair  of  terminals  arranged  andVdaptod  to  provide  two 
spark  gaps  working  independently  oV  each  other. 

4.  A  spark  plug  provided  with,  two  independent 
electrical  oircuits  and  two  spark  gaps\ 

1  /fi>."''  ._A  spark  plug  provided  with  twb  independent 
electrical  ciroults  spirally  arranged  within  the  core  of 
the  plug. 

2  yJS.  A  spark  plug  provid'ed^with  a  core  W  non¬ 
conducting  material,  in  oombinatlon''with  a  spiral  con¬ 
ductor  extending  through  tho  ooro. 


— Ajjpark  plug  having  a  < 


i  containing  two  in¬ 
dependent  ciroults,  in  combination  with  two  independent 
terminals  at  one  ond  of  the  core  and  two  spark-gaps  i 
the  opposite  end  thereof. 


-t 


L  spark  plug  provided  with  the  usual  non¬ 
conducting  co>a  and  conducting  bushing,  in  combination 
with  spark-gap\r^rminals  comprising  a  fine  wire  terminal 
located  in  the  i 

9.  A  sparkNpll  ving. a  core  composed  of  non¬ 
conducting  or  lnsulaVi  iterlal  containing  an  oleotrioal 
circuit  composed  of  cc  ^oro  having  different  { 


rk-gap  terminals 


10.  A  spark  plug  havin\  a  core  containing  an 
oleotrioal  circuit  provided  witika  spark-gap  terminal 
of  fine  gaugo,  Internally  connected  with  a  conductor  of 
larger  gauge. 

ll'.  A  spark  plug  provided  with  £ 
composed  of  conductors  of  differont 


-6- 


3 — ItSO. 


.  HJJJ);  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„ 


Juno  27,  1908. 


William  I..  Edison, 

o/o  Prod  E.  Tasker, 

50  Chur  oh  St.,  Hew  York,  H.  Y. 

Fleoee  find  belou)  a  oomtminieation  from  the  EXAMINER 


charge  of  your  application, 


S.  Ho.  437,516,  filed  June  9,  1908,  Spark  Plugs. 


This  oaso  has  been  examined. 

Pago  2,  line  12,  numerals  9a  and  9b  are  not  on  tha  drawings. 
Page  3,  line  11,  numeral  16  is  not  on  the  drawings. 

Claims  1  to  .7,  inclusive,  define  nothing  patentable  over  the 
following  references,  and  are  rejected!  ffffj 

British  Patent  to  Sharp,  3402/of  1906  fecettfuf  BXc-bftf*' 
Erenoh  Patent  to  Sharp,  36^298  dlUori  f-^/ o U 

(123-169)  X 

Claims  8  to  11,  inolnsiveXare  rejected  on 
Prenoh  Patent  to  Jeffery,  376^219 ^123-169).  >«, 

See  also  ./ 

German  Patent  to  Veigel,  19^650  (123-169) ,  ^~tc  '^/°7  - 

show  tag  an  alining . means . 


Examiner , 


Room  362, 

Application,  William  L.  Edison, 
Serial  No.  437,616, 

Filed  June  9,  1908, 

Spark  Plugs. 


Hon.  Commissioner  of  Patents, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Sir! 

Office  letter  of  June  27,  1908,  received 
and  considered,  and  further  action  on  the  case  is  re¬ 
quested  in  view  of  the  following  amendments  and  remarks. 

AMENDMENTS. 

Erase  the  statement  of  invention  comprising  lines 
1  to  14  inclusive,  and  substitute  the  following! 

"This  invention  relates  to  a  spark-plug  of  the  jump- 
spark  olass  for  internal  combustion  engines,  my  objeot 
being  to  extend  the  conductors  through  the  care  of  porce¬ 
lain,  or  other  insulating  material,  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  core  will  not  be  weakened  as  much  as  usual,  and 
will  be  much  less  liable  to  break. 

"With  this  and  other  objects  in  view  my  invention 
consists  in  the  peculiarities  hereinafter  more  fully 
described  and  olaimed." 


Erase  all  the  olaims,  excepting  6  and  6,  and  sub¬ 
stitute  the  following: 

3.  A''hp^rk  plug  having  the  usual  non-conduoting 
core  and  conduoting.bushing,  in  combination  with  an 
eleotrioal  conductor  passing  longitudinally  through  the 
oore  and  tapering  gradually  as  it  extends  toward  the 
spark  gap. 


New  York  City,  July  27,  1908. 


April  29,  1909. 


Hr.  Harry  B.  Palmer-, 

10  Eifth  Ave., 

He', 7  York  City. 

My  dear  Mr.  Palmer: 

Since  you  were  here-  this  morning,  X  have  had 
the  Edison  file  looked  up  and  have  taken  therefrom  various  papers 
which  show  the  history  of  the  application.  They  are  enclosed 
herewith,  and  I  think  you  will  find  that  they  are  all  that  is 
needed  to  fully  explain  the  status  of  the  case. 

Please  note  that  the  last  action  on  this  case  was  made 
September  19,  1908,  and  hence  amendment  is  required  prior  to 
September  19,  1909,  that  is  to  say,  within  one  year-  if  the  case 
is  to  he  kept  alive  and  to  he  further  prosecuted. 

I  have  no  copy  of  the  drawings  hut  think  Mr.  Edison  must 
have  one  as  several  were  made.  Neither  have  I  copies  of  the  ci¬ 
tations  for  they  were  sent  to  Mr.  Edison  long  since. 

If  the  case  is  to  he  further  prosecuted  hy  me,  kindly  let 
me  have  your  full  instructions  as  soon  as  possible,  and  X  shall 
he  very  glad  to  take  up  the  matter. 


'fee 


JEFFERY-DEWITT  COMPANY 

SPARK  PLUG  MANUFACTURERS 
NUMBERS  217  and  219  HIGH  STREET 


lE&iflmt 

DOUBLE  SYSTEM 


Newark,  N.  July  29,  1909. 

Wn.  1.  Sdison, 

Pleasnntdalo,  H.J. 

Pear  Sir:- 


•■Oiat  have  you  done  about  seexiring  patent 
papers,  eto.,  so  we  oan  go  ahead  in  the  natter,  end  have 
our  patent  attorney  see  what  olntns  onn  be  obtained.  I 
believe  the  tine  nust  be  very  linited  in  whieh  an  anendnent 
onn  be  filed,  and  unless  yon  give  this  your  very  pronnt 
attention,  your  patent  will  be  taken  fron  the  files. 
vIo  await  "  your  pleasure. 

Very  truly  yours. 


August,  25,  09. 


Hon.  Commissioner  of  Patents., 
Wash!  nston,  D.  C. 


Ki  idly  moke  and  send  me  as  soon  as  possible  copies  of  the 
following  patents  cited  in  application  of  S.L.  Edison,  spark  plugs 
filed  June,  9,  08.  serial  #  437515. 

Erench  patent  to  Sharp.  364,298  (123-169) 

"  "  "  Jeffery. 376,219  (123-169) 

german  ••  "  Veigel.  192,650  (123-169) 

Swiss  "  "  Sanders.  28,333  (123-169) 

Refer  you  to  office  action  of  Sept. 19, 1908  regarding  this 
last  number. 

Kirdly  make  this  charge  to  W.L.  Edison  sending  bill  to  ljie 


Very  truly  yours. 


JMC/AP 


General  Counsel, 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„ 


|  Your  letter  of  Aug.25/09  (No.  163160  )  has  been  ^ 

|  received.  In  reply  you  are  informed  that  copies  of  Specif ica-  > 
g  tions  of  prench  Patent  364,298  will  cost  (§1.00),  print  of  ; 

S  drawings  (25/) ,  Prench  Patent  376,219  (J'-Z.on),  print  (26/), 

7  German  Patent  192,650  (80/),  print  (25/),  Swiss  Patent  28,333 
o  (§1.20),  print  (25/),  ' 


j  the  same  will  be  prepared  and  forwarded  to  your  address  on 
,  Ii.  Edison  has  no  account  with 


RETURN  THIS  CIRCULAR  WITH  FEE. 

Very  respectfully. 


Mr.  Prank  L.  Dyer*  , 
Orange,  . 

,  IT.  .T. 

Commissioner  of  Patents: 


Commissioner  of  Pa^rjjis, 


/^RECEIVED.  ^ 

i  sEPraisoa  • 

l  franki. 


»  & 
i 


-V 


Inclosed  please- find  $ _ ,  the  amount  of  fee  called 


for  in  above  circular. 


Hon.  Coramiaaionor  of  Patents 
Washington,  J).  C.  f 

Sir: 

In  reply  to  your  letter  No.  l6?,l60,  kindly  haaten 
the  tranalations  of  theae  patents  and  charge  the  cost  thereof 
to  my  account. 

Yours  very  truly, 


General  Counsel. 


'PAS. 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE, 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


Leiteh  No.  167 , 098 
Division  E. 


September  8,  1909. 


Mr.  Frank  I.  Dyer,  i>  "  ■  ‘ 

Orange,  E.  J.  ' . "  "  — ' 

Sir: 

Ihe  Commissioner  directs  me  to  acknowledge  the  receipt 
of  your  letter  of  the  2nd  inst.,  relative  to  your  order  of  Aug. 
25th  for  copies  of  four  foreign  patents,  requesting  that  the 
translations  he  hastened. 

In  reply  you  are  advised  that  your  order  was  for  copies 
of  the  patents  and  the  estimate  furnished  you  on  September  1st 
was  for  copies  only  of  the  specifications,  the  cost  of  which  is 
56.00.  Your  account  is  insufficient  to  cover  the  cost  of  trans¬ 
lations  of  the  specifications,  which  would  be  530.00. 

Please  notify  the  Office  just  what  you  desire  and  if 
necessary  make  a  further  deposit. 


Bacon  &  Melans 


(IlmmHpUorfi  at  Earn 

SOLICITORS  IN  PATENT  AND  TRADE-MARK  CAUSES 
McGill  Building,  DOS  G  Stueut,  Northwest 
■WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


Prank  L.  Dyexi,  Esq., 
Orange,  N.J, 

Dear  Sir; 


.September  8,  1  < 


We  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  7th  inst. , 
in  the  matter  of  your  order  on  the  Patent  Office  for  trans¬ 
lations  of  certain  Prench',  German  and  Swiss  patents  cited 
in  the  application  of  W.D.  Edison.  Upon  looking  up  the 
matter  in  the  Office  today  we  found  that  some  confusion  had 
arisen  as  to  whether  you  desired  translations  of  the  patents 
or  just  copies  of  the  specifications.  A  letter  to  this 
effect  was  mailed  to  you  yesterday  or  today  from  the  patent 
Office. 

We  were  informed  hy  the  clerk  in  charge  that  the 
Office  could  complete  the  work  hy  the  14th  and  that  the 
charge  for  the  translations  and  prints  of  the  drawings  will 
he  $31.00.  We  understand  that  it  will  he  satisfactory  if 
the  translations  and  printB  are  mailed  from  the  Patent  Office 
on  the  14th  and  we  have  accordingly  instructed  the  clerk 
to  proceed  with  the  translations  and  have  filed  the  amount  of 
$31.00  to  cover  the  cost  of  the  same. 

The  other  matters  referred  to  in  your  favor  are 
receiving  attention  and  will  he  reported  on- shortly. 


Following  your  instructions  we  are  noting  the 
charge  in  this  matter  against  William  1.  Edison. 


Sept.  9/09 
Canfield  -  10  A.  M. 

Bacon  &  Milana 

Stop  Patent  Office  translations  regard  W.  1.  Edison. 
Secure  copies  and  forward  at  once.  Translations  not  wanted. 


Prank  L,  Dyer. 


FRED  E.  TASKER, 
COUNSELLOR  AT  LAW, 


September  9,  1909. 


Dyer  Smith,  Esq. , 

Legal  Dept,  of  Thomas  A.  Edison, 

Orange,  H.  J. 

Dear  Sir: 

Enclosed  please  find  associate  power  of  attorney 
in  Mr.  Edison's  Spark  Plug  case,  which  I  trust  you  will  find 
satisfactory. 


Bacon  &  Milans 

(UomtatllnrH  at  Earn 


Prank  L.  Dyer,  Esq., 

Orange,  N.  J . , 

Dear  Sir : 


Sept.  9,  }909. 


We  are  in  receipt  of  your  telegram  dated  Sept  9, 


and  reading  as  follows: 


"Stop  patent  Office  translations  regard  W.  I.  Edison 
secure  copies  and  forward  at  once  translations  not 
wanted. " 


We  accordingly  canceled  the  order  for  the  trans¬ 
lations  and  at  that  time  were  informed  that  it  is 
doubtful  if  the  Patent  Office  could  complete  the  work 
of  making  copies  of  the  specifications  by  the  14th. 

We  thereforei'did  not  leave  this  work  for  the  Office 
hut  are  having  the  copies  made  and  expect  to  mail  them 
by  the  14th. 

We  have  filed  an  order  in  the  Patent  Office  for 
prints  of  the  French,  German  and  Swiss  patents  and 
also  of  the  British  patent  to  Sharp  3402  of  1906. 

We  had  the  order  made  speciaiand  the  Office  has  promised 
to  let  us  have  the  same  in  time  to  forward  by  the  14th. 

In  order  to  avoid  confusion  and  delay,  when  we  filetf 
$31  for  the  translations, we  took  the  liberty  of  signing 
your  name  to  the  letter.  In  canceling  the  order  for 


Sheet  No . 2 . Date . Sant.  9,  1909 . 

the  translation,  we  requested  that  this  amount  he 
refunded  and  in  due  course  you  should  receive  the  same 
from  the  Office.  We  are  accordingly  noting  a  charge 
of  this  amount  against  your  account. 

We  are  having  a  copy  made  of  the  specification 
of  British  patent  to  Sharpe  3402  of  1906.  The  same 
will  he  sent  shortly. 

In  Office  letter  of  Sept.  19  '08  in  regard  to  the 
V/.  L.  Edison  application  the  citation  referred  to  hy 
you  is  889338  to  Schulze,  June  2,  1908,  rather  than 
880338,  the  number  given  in  your  favor.  We  referred 
this  matter  to  the  Examiner,  who  stated  that  it-' is..  Ms 
intention  to  cite  the  Schulze  patent. 

Yours  very  truly, 


b/gab. 


Sept.  9,  1909 


Hon. 


Commissioner  of  Patonts, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


RE  APPLICATION  OP  V/.  L.  EDISON,  SPARK  PLUGS,  PILED 
JUNE  9,  1908,  SERIAL  HO.  4?7,515 

Sir: 


I  Leg  to  enclose  associate  power  of  attorney  given 
me  in  this  application  hy  Pred  E.  Tasker,  the  attorney  of  record. 
Kindly  direct  all  official  actions  in  thiB  case  to  me. 

Very  respectfully, 


DS/JS 

Eno. 


Attorney 


Sept.  10,  1909 


Fred  E.  Tasker,  Esq., 

50  Church -Street, 

Hew  York,  H.  Y. 

Dear  Sir: 

I  have  your  favor  of  September  9th  enclosing  associate 
power  of  attorney  in  Hr.  William  L.  Edison's  Spark  Plug  case, 
for  which  I  thank  you. 

Yours  very  truly, 


DS/JS 


Sept.  15,  1909 


MoBorB.  Bacon  &  llilans, 

908  G  Street,  N.  HIT. 

Washington,  X).  0. 

Gentleman: 

Kindly  inquire  in  Koom  Ho,  382  of  the  Patent  Office 
in  the  case  of  William  L.  Jidi3on,  Serial  Ho.  437,515,  SPARK 
PLUGS,  whether  the  associate  power  of  attorney  given  me  in 
this  case  hy  Bred  E.  Tasker,  50  Church  Street,  Hew  York,  the 
original  attorney  of  record,  has  been  received  and  is  satis¬ 
factory.  , I  filed  this  associate  power  of  attorney  some  days 
ago,  but  have  not  received  acknowledgment  from  the  Office.  1 
am  forwarding  an  amendment  in  thi3  ca3e  to  the  Office  today,  and 
as  the  year  for  action  expires  Saturday,  September  18th,  kindly 
wire  me  if  the  power  of  attorney  to  me  1b  not  satisfactory  or 
has  not  been  received. 

Yours  very  truly, 


BS/JS 


General  Counsel. 


IN  THE  UNI TEL  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


William  L.  Edison 
SPARK  PLUGS 
Piled  June  9,  1908 
Serial  No.  437,515 


Room  No.  382 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  September 
19,  1908,  pleaBe  amend  the  above  entitled  oase  as  follows: 
Cancel  all  the  claims  and  substitute  the 

following: 

(^6  Os  -  I  ^  * 

~  spark  plug,  the  combination  of  a  non-oon- 

duoting\oore,  a  conducting  bushing,  an  electrical  conduc¬ 
tor  passing  longitudinally  through  the  core  and  tapering 
gradually  as\it  extends  toward  the  spark  gap,  and  a  fine 
gauge  sparking\terminal  secured  to  the  small  extremity 
of  said  conductor^  substantially  as  described. 

2.  In  a  sparlrsplug,  the  combination  of  a  non-con¬ 
ducting  oore,  a  conducting  bushing,  an  electrical  conduc¬ 
tor  passing  longitudinally  through  the  core  and  tapering 
gradually  as  it  extends  toward  the  spark  gap,  and  a  fine 
gauge  Bparking  terminal  secured  to  the  small  extremity 
of  said  conductor,  the  extreme  oVrfcer  end  of  said  terminal 
lying  flush  with  the  sparking  end  o^  said  core,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 


(1) 


i  spark  plug,  the  combination  of  a  non-oon- 
an  eleotrical  conductor  extending  longitud- 
ihrough  the  same,  said  conductor  having  its  upper 
end  located  some  distance  below  the  upper  end  of  the 
core,  saio\  core  being  provided  with  a  longitudinal  recess 
above  the  uhp er  end  of  said  conductor,  a  conducting 
member  adjusted  in  said  recess  into  firm  oontaot  with 
the  upper  end\of  said  conductor,  and  a  connection  for  an 
outside  oirouity connected  to  said  member,  substantially 
as  described. 

7.  In  a  spark  plug,  the  combination  of  a  non-con- 
ducting  core ,  a  naiV-of  independent  electr-loal  cirdUltB,: 

a  pair  of  oonductors\  •drre-irT'eacire-iTCU-i-t-andj  passing 

longitudinally  through  t;he  core,  said  conductors  being 
twisted  into  Bpiral  shkpe\,^  substantially  as  described. 

8.  In  a  spark  pluV,  the  combination  of  a  non-con¬ 
ducting  core,  an  electrical,  conductor  extending  longitud¬ 
inally  through  the  same,  sdid  conductor  having  its  upper 
•end  located  some  distance  below  the  upper  end  of  the 

core,  said  core  being  provided  with  a  .longitudinal  recess 
above  the  upper  end  of  said  conductor,  a  removable 
conducting  member  adjusted  in  sVld  recess  into  firm 
contact  with  the  end  of  said  conductor,  and.  a- laterally 
extending  circuit  connection  aleotrically  connected  to 
said  member,  substantially  as  described.  \  v 

REMARKS  I 

Page  2,  line  12,  the  numerals  £a  and  £b  are  in 


Pigure  6  of  the  drawings. 


(3) 


Pago  3,  line  11,  the  Examiner  1b  requested  to 
apply  the  reference  oharaoter  l6  to  the  binding  screws 
illustrated  to  the  right  and  the  left  of  the  upper  part 
of  member  2  in  Figures  1  and  2.  He  is  also  requested  to 
change  the  numeral  14  to  16  in  Figure  4,  designating  said 
binding  screws. 

The  claims  have  been  carefully  rewritten  in 
view  of  the  references  and  are  thought  to  be  patentable 
thereover.  In  none  of  the  references  is  a  fine  wire 
sparking  terminal  illustrated  as  secured  to  a  tapered 
ordinary  conductor  passing  through  the  core.  Neither 
is  the  oonstruotion  shown  of  a  ooro  having  a  conical 
sparking  end,  the  two  sparking  terminals  having  their 
ends  flush  with  the  conical  surface  of  the  end  of  the 
core  on  opposite  sides  of  tho  apex  of  the  cone,  so 
that  the  interposition  of  the  latter  between  the  tenr,  inalB 
prevents  the  possibility  of  short  circuiting.  The  struc¬ 
ture  claimed  in  Claims  6  and  8,  in  which  a  removable  and 
adjustible  member  contacting  the  upper  erid^ of  the  cont 
ductor  within  the  core,  this  member  being  in  electrical 
contact  with  the  outside  circuit  connection, \  is  claimed, 
would  seem  to  be  patentable  over  the  references.  Also, 
the  structure  claimed  in  Claim  7  is  not  met. in  any  of  the, 
references.  In  neither  the  patent  to  Schultz  nor  the 
British  patent  to  Sharpe  is  the  idea  disclosed.' of 'twisting 
the  conductor  spirally  within  the  insulating  \core  fbr  the 
purpose  of  strengthening  tho  latter.  Experience  has 
Bhown  the  beneficial  results  of  thiB  construction.  ( 


Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  all  the  claims 


are  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted. 


WILLIAM  L.  EDISON 
By  ^7  a-.//  /■  £7-^ 


HI 8  Attorney 


Orange,  New  Jersey 
September  15,  1909. 


Bacon  &  Milans 

(fimtttHcllm-s  at  Siam 

SOLICITORS  IN  PATENT  AND  TRADK-WARK  CAUSES 
lIcGn.1  Buildino,  nos  G  Street,  Northwest 
WASHINGTON,  1>.  C. 


September  16,  1909. 

Eranlc  H.  Dyer,  Esq.  > 

Orange,  E.J, 

Dear  Sir: 

Iij._SdiBQn  Application  Serial  No.  437. ^^.Spark- 
Plugs. 


We  are  in  receipt  of  your  favor  of  the  15th  Inst., 
and  would  adviBe  you  that  upon  inquiry  at  the  Patent  Office  we 
find  that  your  associate  power  of  attorney  in  this  application 
has  been  duly  received  and  entered  in  the  Patent  Office. 

Youre  very  truly, 


E/GW 


E.S.  The  associate  power  is  apparently  satisfactory.  In  this 

connection  we  were  advised  by  the  Examiner  in  charge  of  this  Divi¬ 
sion  that  it  iB  not  the  custom  or  rule  of  the  Office  to  acknowledge 
by  letter  the  receipt  of  associate  powers. 


8— 800. 


RYH  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR,  ;1 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  .  Oot.  81 ,  1909 i 

William  L.  Edison 
c/ o . prank  L. 

'*•,  •  > Orange, 

Please  find  below  a 


communication  ~frinh  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 


S.  No.  437,018,  filed  June  9,  1908,  Spark  Plugs. 


Commissioner  of  Faisals. 


Case  considered  as  amended  Sept,  ij.8,  1909. 

. ClatoB  4,  5  and  7,  the  reference  to  the  circuits,  in  lines 
2,  3  and  4,  shpuld  he  omitted.  The  o irouits  are  not  in  the  Bpark 
plug,  as ,the  preamble  to  these  three  claims  specifies. 

Claims  -l  and  2  are  rejected  on  Jeffery,  in  view  of  Sander. 

To  make  the  rod  5  jin  Pig.  1  of  Jeffery  tapered,  as  in  Sander,  is 

.  .....  v,;  c /to."  : 

no  t  pi  tentable . 

Claim  3  isrejeoted  on  Jeffery,  of  record.  To  make  the  inner 
end  of  the  core  4  of  Jeffery  conioal,  or  to  give  it  ary  other 
oonvenient/shape,  is  not  believed  to  amount  to  invention.  Ses 
91ef  313,  Herrington,  Har.  23,  1909  (173,  Conductors), 
showing  a  terminal  flush  with  a  Bp^drioal  surface. 

Claim  6  is  rejected  o 
Ge naan  Patent  to  De  Pion,  131^431^- 
Prenoh  Patent  to  be  Eioken ,  337^419 
(123-169). 


Claim  7  is,  rejected  on  either  of  the  patents  to  Sharpe,  or  on 
Orswell. 

To  make  the  insulated  conductors  of  Sharpe  of  spiral  form  is 
held  to  be  a  mere  matter  of  ohoioe,  and  not  invention. 

Claim  8  is  rejeoted  on  be  Eioken,  above  oited.  To  conneot 


-2-  (Edison,  437,515). 

a  oonduotor  to  the  part  o  of  the  reference,  if  preferred,  inBtaad  of' 
to  the  stem  t,  is  held  to  he  too  obvious  to  he  patentable. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OfflOI 


William  L.  Edison 
SPARK  PLUGS 
Piled  June  9,  1908 
Serial  No.  437,515 


Room  No.  382. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 
SIR  :  « 

In  response  to  rejection  of  October 
21st,  1909,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows:- 


Cancel  Claims  1,  2,  3,  6,  7  and  8. 

InBert  the  following  claims  numbered  1  and  2:- 


1.  In  a  spark  plug,  the  combination  of  a  non¬ 
conducting  core  having  a  conical  sparking  end  and  a  pair 
of  electrical  conductors  insulated  from  each  other  and 
passing  longitudinally  through  the  oore,  Bald  conductors 
terminating Ain  the  conical  surface  of  said  sparking  end 
on  opposite  sides  of  the  apex  of  the  cone,  substantially 
as  described. 


'\2 .  In  a  Bpark  plug,  the  combination  of  a  non-  , 
oonducting^core  having  a  sparking  end  formed  with  a  swell- 
ing^or  nrotuberanoo .^and  a  pair  of  electrical  conductors 
insulated  from  each  other'" and^passing  longitudinally 

leiTnlnating  on  opposite 


through  the  core,  said  conductors  tei 
Bides  of  said  -awe-tH-ng— in  said  Bparking  end^with  said 
swslxing  interposed  between  the  endB  thereof,  subs- 
ly  as  described. 


(1) 


Claim  4,  lines  2  and  3,  cancel  "a  pair  of  in¬ 
dependent  electrical  circuits".  Line  4,  canoel  "one  in 
each  circuit"  and  substitute  -  insulated  from  each  other 
Claim  5,  lineB  2  and  3,  cancel  "a  pair  of  in¬ 
dependent  electrical  circuits".  Line  4,  canoel  "one  in 
each  circuit"  and  substitute  -  insulated  from  each  other 
Renumber  Claims  4  and  5  as  3  and  4. 

R  E  M  A  R  K  S 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 

The  rejected  claims  have  been  oanceled,  and  those  objected 
to  have  been  amended  to  overcome  the  Examiner's  objec¬ 
tions.  ClaimB  1  and  2  inserted  by  this  amendment  are 
thought  to  be  patentable  over  the  references,  the  broad 
subject  matter  of  the  conical  sparking  end  or  sparking  end 
having  a  swelling  upon  opposite  sides  of  which  the  termi¬ 
nals  of  the  conductors  are  situated  to  prevent  short- 
circuiting  thereof,  being  apparently  novel. 

Respeotfully  submitted, 

WILLIAM  L.  EDISON 

His  Attorney 

Orange,  New  Jersey 
October  19th,  1910. 


RTH 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON  KOV .  18, 


1910. 


L.  Edison, 

c/o  Prank  L .  Lyer,  Esq., 
Orange,  N.  J. 


Please  find  below  a  comm, miioaf, ion,  from,  the  EX  AH!  HER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


S.  Ko.  437,515,  filed  June  9,  1908,  Spark  Plugs. 


(  Commissioner  of  Patents. 

Case  considered  as  amended  Oct.  20,  1910. 

Claim  2,  lines  2  and  3,  "swelling  or  protuberance"  should  be 
projection.  Lino  6,  "swelling"  should  be  projection .  and  "in" 
should  be  on. 


WPP 


Examiner. 


IH  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  ONE  ICE 


William  L.  Edison 
SPARK  PLUGS 
Piled  June  9,  1908 
Serial  Ho.  437,515 


Room  No.  382, 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  patents 
SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  letter  of 
November  18,  1910,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows 
Claim  2,  lines  2  and  5,  cancel  "swelling  or 
protuberance"  and  substitute  -  projection  -  .  Same  claim, 
line  6,  cancel  "swelling  in"  and  substitute  -  projection 
on  -  .  Line  7,  cancel  "swelling"  and  substitute  - 
projection  -  . 

remarks 

The  Examiner ' b  objections  have  been  overcome,  and 
thiB  case  is  thought  to  be  in  condition  for  immediate  al¬ 
lowance  which  is  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

WILLIAM  L.  EDISON 
By 

Orange,  New  Jersey  His  Attorney 

Novembers  2  ,  1910 . 


(COPY) 


Div.  28  Room  65  Paper  No.  11 

DEPARTMENT  OP  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 


William  L.  Edison, 

c/o  Prank  1.  Dyer,  Esq., 
Orange,  N.  J. 


Washington,  Deo.  3,  1910. 


U.  S.  Patent  Office 
Dec.  3,  1910 
MAILED 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in 
charge  of  your  application.  S.  No.  437,515i  filed  June  9,  1908, 
Spark  Plugs. 

E.  E.  MOORE, 

Commissioner  of  Patents. 


Por  the  purpose  of  interference,  it  is  suggested  that 
the  applicant  make  the  following  patentable  claim: 


In  a  spark  plug,  an  insulating  member,  two  or  more  conduo- 
tors  carried  by  said  member  and  terminating  outside  of  said  in¬ 
sulating  member,  a  portion  of  said  insulating  member  extending 
between  the  extremities  of  the  conductors.  B 


Pailure  of  the  applicant  to  make  this  claim  within 
thirty  days  will  be  taken  as  a  disclaimer  of  the  invention 
covered  by  the  claim,  as  provided  in  Rule  96. 


Copy  to  William  L.  Edison, 

Orange,  N.  J.  Examiner. 

Copy  to  Prank  L.  Dyer,  Esq., 

Orange,  N.  J. 


S.  Ko.  437,515,  filed  June  9,  1908,  Spark  Plugs. 


For  the  purpose  of  interference,  it  is  suggested  that  the 
applicant  make  the  following  patentable  claim: 

In  a  spark  plug,  an  insulating  member,  two  or  more  conductors 
carried  by  said  member  and  terminating  outside  of  said  insulating 
member,  a  portion  of  said  insulating  member  extending  between  the 
extremities  of  the  conductors. 

Fairure  of  the  applicant  to  make  this  claim  within  thirty 
days  will  be  taken  as  a  disclaimer  of  the  invention  covered  by 
the  claim,  as  provided  in  Rule  96. 


HSM 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 


William  L.  Edison 
SPARK  PLUGS 
Piled  June  9,  1908 
Serial  No.  457,515 


Room  No.  65 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  letter  of 
December  5,  1910,  please  amend  this  oaBe  as  follows :- 

Insert  the  following  claim:- 

+  '  ( 

5. — -In  a  spark  plug,  an  insulating  member,  two  or 
more  oonduotor7^^red~-by_said  momber  and  terminating  out¬ 
side  of  said  insulating  member,  a  portion ^of^said^insul- 

atlng  member  extending  between  the  extremities  of  the—. - , 

conductors. 

REMARKS 

The  claim  suggested  by  the  Examiner  has  been  in¬ 
serted  in  the  application  by  the  above  amendment,  and  it 
is  hoped  that  the  proposed  interference  may  shortly  be 
declared. • 

Respectfully  submitted, 

WILLIAM  L.  EDISON 

By  - 

Orange,  N.  J.  His  Atto^ey 

December  £  ,  1910 


Dec.  7,  1910 


Mr.  William  Tu^Edison., _ 

Salisbury,  Maryland. 

Dear  Mr.  Edison:- 

Your  application  on  Spark  Plugs  Is  apparently  going 
to  get  Into  an  Interference,  as  you  will  see  by  the  enclosed 
letter  from  the  Patent  Office.  I  have  added  the  claim  sug¬ 
gested  by  the  Examiner  to  your  application,  and  the  interfer¬ 
ence  will  probably  be  declared  within  perhaps  five  weeks. 

When  that  1b  done,  we  will  be  able  to  tell  how  early  the  other 
man  filed  his  application  and  what  our  chances  are.  Since 
your  application  is  already  two  years  old^  I  should  think  it 
likely  that  we  had  a  very  good  ohanoe  indeed. 

Yours  very  truly, 

DS-JS 
Enc. 


RTK  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON  Dec.  10,  1911. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EX  AMIN  EH  in  charge  of  your  application. 

S.  No.  437,015,  filed  June  9,  190H,  Spark  Plugs. 

_  Commissioner  of  Patents* 

Claims  2  and  5  are  rejected  on  the  iseuo  of  the  interference. 

Claim  1  is  rejected  on  the  isBue  of  interference.  To  have 
the  part  of  the  oore  between  the  two  electrodes  conical  is  not 
patentable,  in  view  of  y 

rO  -r 

Carman  Patent  32,332  (123-109), 

and  to  have  the  electrodes  terminate  flush  with  the  insulator  is 
old,  in  viow  of 

o  y 

Jeffery,  942,646,  Dec.  7,  1909  (123-169). 

Claims  3  and  4  are  rejeoted  on  the  same  ground  and  references, 
the  Jeffery  patent  showing  fine  gage  terminals,  baked  in  the  plug. 


in  charge. 


HSM 


Asst 


Iff  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


William  1.  Eaiaon 
SPARK  PLUGS 
Filed  June  9,  1908 
Serial  No.  437,515 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  reaponae  to  the  Offloe  action  of 
Deoember  15,  1911,  pleaao  amena  the  above  entitlea  oase  aa 
follows : - 

Page  3,  line  18,  after  "17"  insert  -  ana  17a  -  . 
Lines  20  ana  21,  ohange  "terminal"  to  -  terminals  -  . 
line  21,  after  "17"  insert  -  ana  17a  -  .  Same  line, 
oanoel  "a  oirouit  is"  ana  insert  -  the  oirouits  are  -  . 

Claim  1,  line  5,  ana  olaims  3  ana  4,  line  6, 
oanoel  "in"  and  insert  -  flush  with  -  . 

Canael  olaims  2  and  5  and  renumber  olaims  3  and  4 


Add  the  following  olaims:  - 


^\4^  In  a  spark  plug,  the  oombination  of  a  non-oonduot 
ing  oore  having  a  oonduotor  therein  terminating  eooentri- 
oally  of  one  end  thereof,  a  oonduoting  bushing  in  whioh  t 
the  oore  is  adapted  to^be^seoured  ana  whioh  is  provided  at 
one  end  with  a  terminal  or  sparklhg^point  for  oo-operation 
with  tho  terminal  of  the  oonduotor  in  the^non-oonduot ing 


xoore,  and  means  whioh  upon  the  assembling  of  the  oore  and 
bushing  insures  the  oorreot  relative  positioning  of  the  . 
terminal's  to  form  a  sparlc  gap,  substantially  as  desoribed. 

5.  In  avspark  plug,  the  oombination  of  a  non-oonduotl 
ing  oore  having  a  sparking  end  and  a  pair  of  oonduotors 
therein  insulated  from  each  other  and  terminating  in  the 
sparking  end  eooentrioallyxthereof ,  a  oonduoting  bushing  in| 
which  the  oore  is  seoured  and  wjiioh  is  provided  at  one  end 
with  a  pair  of  terminals  or  sparkihg  points  for  reBpeotive-| 
ly  co-operating  with  the  terminals  ofNilxe  oonduotors  in  the 
non-oonduoting  oore  to  form  a  pair  of  spark-gaps,  said  oore 
and  bushing  'being  provided  with  oo-operating  means  whioh 
upon  the  assembling  of  the  oore  and  bushing  insureiKthat 
the  respective  spark  gap  terminals  thereof  will  alwaysshe 
brought  opposite  eaoh  other  tb  form  said  spark  gaps,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  desoribed. 

L/  In  a  spark  plug,  the  oombination  of  a  non-oohduot. 

ing  oore  having  a  oonioal 'sparking  end  and  a  pair  of  eleo- 
trioal  oonduotors  insulated  frpm  eaoh  other  and  passing 
longitudinally  through,  the  oore,  said  oonduotors  terminatr 
ing  flush  with  the  conloal  surfaoe  of  said  sparking  end  on 
opposite  sides  of  the  apex  of  the  oone.ja  oonduoting  bush¬ 
ing  surrounding  said  oore,  and  a  pair  of  sparking  terminals 
oarried  by  said  bushing  adapted  to  oo-operate  with  the  ter- 
ininalB  of  the  electrical  oonduotorB  of  the  oorei to  form  a 
pair  of  spark  gaps.  Bald  oore  and  bushing  being  provided 
with  oo-operating  means  whioh  upon  the  assembling  of  the 
oore  and  bushing  insures  that  said  terminals  will  always  be 
brought  into  the  same  relative  and  oorreot  positions  to 
form  said  Bpark  gaps,  substantially  as  desoribed. 


(2) 


SO 


^  fy.  In  a  spark  plug,  the  oombination  of  a  non-oonduat- 
ing  oore  having  a  oonioal  spark£ng,  end,  a  pair  of  oonduot-  # 
brs  insulated  from  each  other  and  passing  longitudinally 
through  the  oore,  a  fine  gauge  sparking  terminal  seoured 
to  the  end  of  eaoh  oonduotor,  said  terminals  terminating 
flush  with  the  oonioal -surfaoe.  of  said  aparking  end  oh--- 
opposite  sideB  of  the  apex  of  the  oone,  a  oonduoting  bush¬ 
ing  surrounding  the  said  oore,  arid  sparking  terminals  bar-  ^ 
ried  by  said  bushing  and  oo-oporating  with  said  first  men¬ 
tioned  terminals  to  form  spark  gaps,  said  oore  and  bushing 
being  provided  with  oo-operating  means  whioh  upon  the  as¬ 
sembling  of  the  oore  .and  bushing  insures  that  said  termi¬ 
nals  will  alwayB  bo  brought  into  the  same  relative  and  . 
oorreot  positions  to  form  said  spark  gaps,  substantially 
as  described. 

REMARKS 

The  Examiner  is  requested  to  apply  tho  referenoe 
oharaoter  18  in  Figures  1,2  and  3  to  the  oap  on  tho  oore  2. 

None  of  the  references  discloses  a  Bpark  plug  in 
whioh  the  non-oonduoting  oore  has  a  oonioal  sparking  end 
and  in  whioh  the  conductors  passing  through  the  oore  termi¬ 
nate  fluBh  with  the  oonioal  surfaoe  of  the  sparking  end  and 
on  opposite  sides  thereof,  and  present  olaims  1,  2  and  3  are 
therefore  thought  to  be  allowable*  Suoh  a  structure  pro¬ 
duces  terminals  tapered  to  a  point .  whioh  results  in  the 
intensification  and  oohoentration  of  the  ourrent  at  the 
spark  gaps  to  produoe  stronger  sparks  than  would,  be  possible 
in  the  structure  dis dosed  by  the  Jeffery  patent,  in  whioh 
the  terminal  of  tho  oonduotor  in  the  oore  is  a  surfaoe 
equal  to  tho  oross  s national  area  of' the  wire  6  or  orifioe 

(3)  ' 


6’  taken  on  a  plane  at  right  angles  to  the  axis  of  the 
oonduotor  5  or  5' . 

Hew  olaims  4  ana  5  speoify  that  the  oonanotor 
or  oonduotors  in  the1  oore  terminate  eooentrioally  of  one 
end  of  the  oore  and  that  means  is  provided  whioh  upon  the 
assembling  of  the  oore  and  conducting  bushing  insures  the 
oorreot  relative  positioning  of  the  sparking  terminals  of 
the  oore  and  bushing  to  form  a  spark  gap  or  gaps,  and  are 
thought  to  be  clearly  allowable. 

Hew  olaims  6  and  7  alBO  speoify  that  the  bushing 
and  oore  are  provided  with  oo-operating  means  whioh  upon 
the  assembling  of  the  oore  and  bushing  insures  that  the 
terminals  thereof  will  always  be  brought  into  the  same 
relative  and  oorreot  positions  to  form  the  spark  gaps. 

The  Be  olaims  further  speoify  that  the  oonduotors  of  the 
oore  terminate  flush  with  the  oonidal  surface  of  the 
sparking  end  of  the  oore  and  on  opposite  sides  of  the  apex 
of  the  oone,  as  set  forth  in  olaims  1,  2  and  3. 

In  view  of  the  above,  further  consideration  and 
allowanoe  are  requested. 

ReBpeotfully  submitted, 

WILLIAM  L.  EDI SOU 

.  By  _ 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey  His  Attorney 

December  12th,  1912 


Case  considered  as  amended  Dec.  13,  1918. 

(Haims  4  and  6  are  answered  by  French  patent  to  Sharpe,  in 
vl ew  of  German  patent  to  Veigel,  both  of  record.  There  would  bo 
no  invention  to  provide  the  plug  of  Sharpe  with  an  alining  device. 
Claims  4  and  5  are  rejected. 

The  other^Ola lms  may  be  allowed. 


Examiner . 


,  IH  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

William  L.  Edison 
SPARK  PLUGS 
Filed  Juno  9,  1908 
Serial  No.  437,515 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  response  to  the  Offioe  action. .of 
April  28,  1913,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  oase  as 
follows 


Room  No.  63. 


Cano el  olaims  4  and.  5  and  renumber  olaims  6  and  7 
as  4  and  5. 


R  E  M  A  R 


K  S 


The  olaims  rejeotea  in  the  last  Offioe  aotion 
have  been  oanoelea,  and  an  allowanoe  of  the  oase  is  ao- 
oordingly  requested. 


Respeotfully  submitted, 
WILLIAM  L.  EDISON 
By  ' 


His  Attorney 


Orange,  Hew  Jersey 


Serial  No.  437,515. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON  SGpt.  15,  1913. 

William  L.  Edison, 

Sir:  Your  APPLICATION  for  a  patent  for  an  IMPROVEMENT  in 

3l>orln  Plugs, 


<! 

| 

g 

I 

j? 

o 

w 

tq 

i 


Eh 

a 

S3 


filed  Juno  9,  1908  ,  has  been  examined  and  ALLOWED. 

The  final  fee,  TWENTY  DOLLARS,  must  be  paid  not  later  than 
SIX  MONTHS  from  the  date  of  this  present  notioe  of  allowance . 

If  the  final  fee  be  not  paid  within  that  period,  the  patent  on 
this  application  will  be  withheld,  unless  renewed  with  an 
additional  fee  of  $15,  Tinder  the  provisions  of  Section  4897, 
Revised  Statutes. 

The  offioe  delivers  patents  upon  the  day  of  their  date,  and 
on  whioh  their  term  begins  to  run.  The  printing,  photolitho¬ 
graphing,  and  engrossing  of  the  several  patent  parts,  prepara¬ 
tory  to  final  signing  and  sealing,  will  require  about  four  weeks, 
and  suoh  work  will  not  be  undertaken  until  after  payment  of  the 
neoessary  fee. 

When  you  send  the  final  fee  you  will  also  send,  DISTINCTLY 
AND  PLAINLY  WRITTEN,  the  name  of  the  INVENTOR  and  TITLE  OF 
INVENTION  AS  ABOVE  GIVEN,  DATE  OF  ALLOWANCE  (whioh  is  the  date 
of  this  circular),  DATE  OF  FILING,  and,  if  assigned,  the  NAMES 
OF  THE  ASSIGNEES. 

If  you  desire  to  have  the  patent  issue  to  ASSIGNEES,  an 
assignment  containing  a  REQUEST  to  that  effeot,  together  with 
the  FEE  for  recording  the  same,  must  be  filed  in  this  offioe  on 
or  before  the  date  of  payment  of  final  fee. 

After  issue  of  the  patent  uncertified  oopies  of  the  drawings 
and  specifications  may  be  purchased  at  the  prioe  of  FIVE  CENTS 
EACH.'  The  money  should  aooompany.  the  order.  Postage  stamps  ' 
will  not  be  received. 

Final  fees  will  NOT  be  received  from  other  than  the  appli¬ 
cant,  his  assignee  or  attorney,  or  a  party  in  interest  as  shown 
by  the  reoords  of  the  Patent  Offioe . 

Respeotfully, 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


k 


:JsxeBy;.. 


UNCERTIFIED  CHECKS  WILL  NOT  BE  ACCEPTED. 


[FROM  WILLIAM  ABBOTT  HARDY] 


September  27,  1913 

Hr,:  William  1.  Edison, 

Sussex  Avenue , 

Morristown,  N.  3.- 

Dear  Mr.  Edison: - 

Your  patent  application  Serial  Ho.  437,515,  filed  June  9, 
1908  and  entitled  Spark  Plugs,  was  allowed  on  the  15th  inst. 

You  will  reoall  that  in  1911  this  application  was  put  in 
interference  with  an  application  of  James  E.  Murray,  and  that  prior¬ 
ity  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Murray.  Consequently,  the  olaims  (five  in 
number)  allowed  in  your  application  are  q::ite  narrow,  being  limited 
to  a  spark  plug  provided  with  a  non-oonduoting  oore  having  a  oonioal 
sparking  end,  and  a  pair  of  eleotrioal  conductors  insulated;  from 
each  other,  passing  longitudinally  through  the  oore,  and  terminating 
flush  with  the  oonioal  surface  of  the  sparking  end  on  opposite  sideB 
of , the  apex  of  the  oone. 

As  I  do  not  know  whether  or  not  you  are  still  interested 
in  the  invention  disclosed  in  this  application,  I  have  not  as  yet' 
paid  the  final  fee  of  §20.00.  Will  you  accordingly  advise-  me  wheth¬ 
er  or  not  you  wish  to  have  your  father  pay  the  final  fee  and  the 
patent  taken  out.  . 

Will  you  also  kindly  return  the  print  of  the  drawing  in 
your  application  Serial  Ho.  526,428,  filed  Nov.  5,  1909,  entitled 
;Air  Pumps,  and  the  oopies  of  the  references  cited  therein,,  which  I 
sent  you  on  July  25,  1913.  \  .  ' 

Very  truly  yours, 

WH'-JS 


ITovonibor  10,  1013 

Hr.  II.  3?.  Miller'; 

Plots o  let  mo  have  ohocli  for  twenty  dollars, 
draw*  to  ordor  of  CommiBoionor  of  Patents,  final  foe  on  tha 
application  of  William  I,.  Sdisan,  entitled  SP/RK  PLUGS,  filed 
June  9,  1909,  Serial  Ho.  437 ?f£a.  allowed  Sept.  IE,  1913. 


II.  J.  loidjaw 


II  ov  oabor  19,  1913 


Hon.  Commissioner  of  Hc.tonts, 

'.t&shington,  D.  C. 

SI;?: 

Enclosed  plMso  find  choc*.  for  twenty 
dollar s,  t in.'l  fee  for  tfeo  #|llavtion  of  Villi&a  fc?  f&Uoa, 
entitled  W<  FI.  HTO&S,  Serial  So.  437,515,  filed  3uno  9,  190..- 
ewi  ..Honed  September  16,  1913.,  .Kindly  jit-.se  this  o*s@ 
to  issaa. 

Itesnec  tfully, 

^wC  / 

onoloenre 


Hot.  26, 


1913 


Hon.  Coisaissieaer  of  Patents, 

Uashiagtos,  D.  C. 

SIB  : 

On  Ifovaabor  19  th  I  nrota  you,  enclosing 
oliocl:  for  twenty  dollars,  final  fee  for  the  application  of 
■  iliJUa  L.  Udiaon,  ontltled  S?AHJ£  PLUG-3,  filed  Juao  9,  1908, 
Serial  No.  437,515,  an  ft.  -Hot, ad  soptonbor  15,  1913.  \'a  have 

not  as  yet  received  the  utnu-J.  a cuaiov/lodgaeat  of  this  chech. 
Kindly  advise  if  gauie  lias  bean  received  by  you. 

BespectiuHy, 

JJL 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


WASHINGTON 


November  29th,  1913. 


Mr.  Frank  I.  Dyer 
Orange,  IT.  J. 

Sir: 

Referring  to  yonr  communication  of  the  26th  instant, 
relative  to  the  acknowledgment  of  receipt  of  final  fee  in 
the  application  of  William  1.  Edison,  Serial  No.  437,515, 
for  Spark  Plugs,  you  are  advised  that  the  final  fee  Twenty 
Dollars  was  received  in  this  Office  November  20th,  1913, 
and  applied  as  directed  to  the  above  application. 

letters  Patent  will  issue  thereon  December  16,  1913,  and 
in  accordance’ with  the  rules  of  this  Office  will  be  mailed 
to  the  attorney  of  record  Mr.  Fred  E.  Tasker,  50  Church  St., 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Respectfully, 

Chief  Clerk. 


December  2,  1913. 


Mr.  William  L.  Edison, 

Sussex  Ave. , 

Morristown,  E.  J. 

Dear  Mr.  Edison: 

Tho  final  fee  on  SwTpator.t  application, 

Serial  Ho.  437,515,  entitled  Spark  Plugs,  filed  June  9, 

1908  and  allowed  September  15,  1913,  has  been  paid  and 
the  patent  will  issue  thereon  on  the  16th  inst. 

As  matters  now  stand,  the  patent  will  be  mailed 
to  the  original  attorney  of  record,  Mr.  Pred  E.  Tasker 
of  #50  Church  Street,  Hew  York  City,  as  Mr.  Dyer  was 
appointed  only  the  as.Spcia.iioe  attorney  in  this  case  and 
not  a  substitute  attorney.  I  do  not  know  what  your 
relations  with  Mr.  Tasker  are  but  if,  for  any  reason, 
you  wish  to  have  the  patent  sent  to  this  office 
instead  of  to  Mr.  Tasker,  it  will  be  necessary  to  revoke 
Mr.  Tasker's  Pov/er  of  Attorney  and  to  apppint  Dyer  &  Holden 
as  substitute  attorneys.  Accordingly,  if  you  wish  the 
patent  to  be  mailed  to  this  office,  will  you  kindly  sign 
the  enclosed-form  of  revocation  and  substitute  power 
of  attorney  and  return  to  me  at  youur  earliest  convenience 
in  order  that  I  may  file  the  same  in  the  Patent  Office 
within  the  next  three  or  four  days. 

Very  truly  yours. 


WAH-KGJC 


Ill  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


WILLIAM  L.  EDISOH,  ) 

SPAHK  PLUGS,  ) 

Room  Ho .  63 

Filed  Juno  9,  1908,  ) 

Serial  Ho.  437,615.  ) 


REVOCATION  OF  (POWER  OF  ATTORNEY  AND 
APPOINTMENT  OF  SUBSTITUTE  ATTORNEY. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 


S  I  R: 

The  undersigned  hereby  revokes  the  Power  o 
Attorney  given  by  him  in  the  above  entitled  application 
to  Fred  E.  Tasker  of  #50  Church  Street,  New  York  City, 
New  York,  as  well  ns  any  associate  power  of  attorney 
given  thereunder,  and  nominates  and  appoints  Dyer  & 
Holden  (Registration  No.  3244)  a  firm  composed  of  Frank 
L.  Dyer  and  Delos  Holden,  whose  addross  is  Edison  Office 
Building,  Orange,  Hew  Jersey,  as  substitute  attorneys 
with  the  request  that  all  future  correspondence  with 
respeot  to  this  application  and  the  patent  when  issued 
thereon  be  sent  to  them. 


Signed  at  Morristov/n,  County  of  Morris,  and 
State  of  New  Jersey  this  <J  day  of  December,  1913. 


IN  THE  TOUTED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

WILLIAM  L.  EDISON,  ) 

SPARK  PLUGS,  ) 

Ro  om  No •  63 

Filed  June  9,  1908,  ) 

Serial  No.  437,515.  ) 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR; 

A  substitute  Tower  of  Attorney  in  the 
above  entitled  application  is  enclosed  herewith.  As  the 
final  fee  has  been  paid  in  this  application  and  the 
patent  is  to  issue  thereon  on  the  16th  inst.  it  is 
requested  that  early  attention  be  given  to  this  mattor 
in  order  that  the  patent  will  be  mailed  to  the  proper 
address. 

’ Respeotfully, 

WILLIAM  L.  EDISON , 

By 

his  Attorneys. 

Orange,  New  JorBoy, 

December  8  1913. 


Y/AH-KGK 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE, 

WASHINGTON.  D.  C. 

Doooiribor  11  191  3 


You  are  hereby  informed  that  YOUB  POWER  OF  ATTORNEY  HAS  BEEN 
BfiSJf in  the  “»tter  of  the  application  of . . 


Edison 

for  Letters  Patent  for  an  IMPROVEMENT  IN . 

437,515  .  June  9.  1908 


No. 


.  Filed... 


Very  respeotfully. 


Commissioner. 


-Dyar.-and—Rolden. 


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ACTIONS. 


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12.. 

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24  . 

25, 

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27  , 

28  , 

29 .. . 

30.. 


K\\¥t . 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel,  .  :  - 

•:  ORANGE,  NE\y  JERSEY. 


August  12,  1908 


Honorable  Commissioner  of  Patents, 

Washington,  D.  C, 

Sir: 

1  enclose  herewith  drawings  and  application  papers  of 
Thomas  A.  Edison,  entitled  COLORED  PICTURE  EXHIBITING  APPARATUS, 
also  check  for  $15. 00  for  filing  fee  thereon. 

Kindly  acknowledge  receipt. 

Very  truly  yours, 

General  Counsel. 


petition 


®o  tfjc  Commissioner  of  patents: 

gour  petitioner  thomas  alva  Edison, 
a  citi?en  of  tfje  ©niteb  States,  resibitig  anb  ijabing  a  Post  ©ffice  abbress  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New 
Jersey, 


praps  tfjat  letters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  bint  for  tije  improbements  in 
COLORED  PICTURE  EXHIBITING  APPARATUS 


Set  forth  in  tlje  annexeb  Specification;  anb  be  ijerebp  appoints  Jfranb  1L.  ©per 
(Registration  j?o.  560),  of  ©range,  Jleto  SleiScp,  bis  attornep,  toitfj  full 
potoer  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  this  application,  to  mabe 
alterations  anb  amenbments  therein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tlje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tberetoitfj. 


i 


B  I  !!  C  If  l  C  H  I  0  N 
TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  MAY  COHOHKB: 

BB  IT  KNOW  SHAT  I,  THOMAS  AIWA.  3SJD3R02I,  R 
oitiaen  of  the  United  States,  residing  at  Llewellyn  Park, 
Orange,  in  the  County  of  Essex  and  in  the  State  of  New 
Jersey,  have  invented  certain  new  and  useful  improvements 
in  COLORED  PICTURE  EXHIBITING  APPARATUS,  of  which  the 
following  is  a  description: 

My  invention  relates  to  improvements  in  the  art 
of  projecting  moving  pictures  by  moans  of  which  pictures 
in  colors  true  to  life  may  "be  projected  on  a  screen  or 
otherwise.  'The  invention  consists  broadly  in  means  for 
momentarily  projecting  an  image  of  all  tlio  dements  of  a 
scene  of  one  fundamental  color  in  that  color;  and  of  there¬ 
after  successively  projecting  images  which  are  superimposed 
uvon,  or  1th ,  the  first  image  on  the  retina  of 

the  beholder,  of  those  elements  of  the  scene  of  different 
fundamental  colors  in  their  proper  oolors  respectively . 

These  successive  images  are  projected  at  3uch  a  rate  that 
in  accordance  with  the  phenomenon  of  persistence  of  vision 
the  former  images  persist  in  the  vision  of  the  beholder  unti 
after  the  last  image  of  the  series  has  been  projected  upon 
the  screen,  so^  tho£_the  whole  Beries  of  images  thus  pro- 
j  acted  will  u£i!&n  Ihuaradva o-  and  blend  together  on  the 
retina. of  the  oye  of  the  beholder,  causing  an  image  of  the 
complete  scene  in  itB  proper  andltrue  oolors  to  be  formed 
on  the  retina.  In  the  case  of  moving  pictures  the  scene 
t3ius  produced,  composed  as  it  is  of  a  plurality  of  parts  of 


(1) 


scenoB,  each  one  consisting  of  those  elements  of  the  soene 
of  one  fundamental  color,  corresponds  to  a  single  instantan¬ 
eous  scene  in  the  case  of  ordinary  black  and  white  moving 
pictures,  and  is  followed  on  tho  film  by  a  tmceosuion  of 
further  scones  similarly  composed  each  of  its  oorreoijonding 
plurality  of  color  elements  showing  slight  variations  in 
movement  of  the  scenes,  so  that  tho  effeot  of  continuous 
movement  and  animation  is  produced,  as  is  common  in  the  art. 
jiforo  specifically,  my  invention  comprises  a  film  upon  which 
a  suooession  of  scenes  have  been  photographed,  as  is  oommon 
in  the  moving  picture  art,  except  that  they  have  been  pro¬ 
duced  at  such  a  great (rate  of'  speed  that  a  succession  of 
three  scenes,  in  oaBe  it  is  desired  to  break  up  tho  Beene 
into  its  three  fundamental  colors,  may  be  superimposed  one 
upon  the  other  without  perceptible  change  in  outline.  This 
series  of  views  is  then  considered  as  one  view  to  be 
decomposed  into  its  various  color  elements.  After  the 
^positive?  film  has  been  prepared,  it  is  so  treated  that  all 
the  portions  of  each  scene,  except  those  representing  the 
elements  of  that  Beene  which  are  of  tho  color  which  it  is 
desired  thaUscene  sho.uld  show,  are  rendered  opaque.  This 
may  be  done  in  various  ways,  as  for  example,  by  painting  \ 
out  the  portions  of  the  film  which  it  is  desired  to  render, 
opaque,  with-a  dark  pigment. 

In  the  preferred  embodiment  of  my  invention,  a 
shutter  carrying  sections  of  transparent  glass,  or  other 
material,  of  various  colors,  as  green,  red  and  blue,  1b 
provided,  and  caused  to  rotate  in  front  of  the  display 
opening,  oontinuously ,  while  the  film  is  fed  pa3t  the  same 
point  intermittently,  the  feed  of  the  film  being  so  adjusted 
that  that  part  of  a  scone  which  should  be  Bhown  for  ex¬ 
ample  in  green,  is  exhibited  in  front  of  the  display 


(2) 


v.'inctow  during  the  time  in  which  the  green  glace  or  other 
transparent  material  of  the  shutter  is  passing  before  the 
same.  The  opaque  portion  of  the  shutter  then  cuts  off  the 


imentarily  while  the  film  is  being  fed  forward 


example  those  element! 


v/hich  should  be  shown 


in  red,  is  displayed  at  the  display  window  while  at  the 
sumo  time  the  transparent  red  portion  of  the  shutter  iB 
pas  (sing  across  the  window.  After  thiB,  the  opaque  portion 
of  the  shutter  again  outs  off  while  the  film  is  being  fed 
forward  another  step  to  display  the  blue  portion  of  the 
aoene  under  the  blue  glass  of  the  shutter*  By  this  means 
the  source  of  light  behind  the  film  shines  through  the 
elements  of  a  scene  which  Bhould  be  exhibited  in  green  and 


elements  of  the  picture 


elements  their  proper  relation  to  each  other 

in  tlie  picture,  are  produced  on  t3io  retina  of  the  behold¬ 
er's  eye  in  such  rapid  succession  that  all  persist  in  the 


i  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawings, 
s  specification,  and  embodying  one  form 


of  my  invention,  and  in  which 

Fig.  1  represents  a  detail  view  of  a  section  of  the  fi^'mj 
the  shutter,  and  part  of  the  feed  mechanism  in  section;. i 
Fig.  2  represents  a  side  elevation  of  the  projecting 
machine,  partly  in  section,  and 

Fig.  3  represents  the  image  of  the  combined  picture 
produced  by  the  projection  of  three  partial  elements  in 


(3) 


colors  upon  the 


Referring  to  Pig.  2,  which  represents  convention¬ 
ally  the  usual  proj ecting  machine,  the  film  3.  is  fed  from 
the  supply  roll  2  through  idlers  3.,  between  sprocket  4  and 
filler  j>,  spring-pressed  into  contact  with  sprocket  4,  ;to:- 
form  the  loop  The  film  then  passes  between  idlera  £  and 
Is  fed  on^to  take-up  roll  8.  £  represents  the  shutter  and 

i6  is  the  lantern  box  in  which  is  the  source  of  light.  It 
will  be  understood,  that  the  above  is  given  merely  for  the 
purpose  of  lucidity  and  that  the  invention  noulcl  be  embodied 
in  any  other  form  of  projecting  apparatus  as  well. 

Referring  to  Pig.  1,  the  film  1_  is  provided  with 
rows  of  perforations  11  as  iefehown  and  is  fed  by  means 
of  sprockets  or  feed-wheels  la.  engaging  these  perforations, 
us  is  usual.  The  power  is  derived  from  the  crank-shaft  15 . 
gear  14  upon  the  orank  shaft  13.  meshing  with  pinion  on 
stud  l6,  Goar  17,  also  on  stud  16  meshes  with  pinion  18, 
on  intermediate  shaft  19 .  20  on  shaft  1£  and  21  on  feed 

shaft  22,  represent  the  intermittent  feed  which  may  be  of 
any  usual  construction,  as  for  example,  the  well-known 
Geneva  stop  mechanism.  Bovol  gear  23.,  on  shaft  1£  meshoB 
with  bevel-gear  24  on  shaft  2$,  which  carries  the  shutter  £ 
and  provides  a  continuous  rotation  for  the  latter.  The 
shutter  is  provided  with  portions,  2o,  2£,  and  28,  of 
transparent  glass,  or  other  material,  of  different  oolors. 
Between  these  transparent  portions  of  the  shutter,  are 
opaque  portions  2£  and  £0  and  £1. 

In  the  scene  represented  as  thrown  upon  the 
screen  in  Pig.  3,  the  house  £2  1b  shown,  for  example,  in 
red,  against  a  background  of  blue  sky,  £5,  and  green  lawn, 
34.  On  the  film,  in  one  section  thereof  the  portion  of  the 
scene  to  be  exhibited  in  green,  that  is  to  say,  the  lawn,  £4 


(4) 


;V  v/as  loft  untouched,  while  the  remainder  of  the  section 

i  vms  pal  Mod  out,  or  otherwise  rondorod  opaque,  as  shown 

I  at  j3j>.  in  tho  following  section  of  the  film,  part  of  the 
i  scene  to  he  displayed  in  reel,  namely,  the  house,  JJ2,  was 
loft  transparent,  while  the  renaindor  of  the  scene  was 
!  .  rendered  opaque  and  in  the  following  section  of  the  film, 

{  the  blue  sky  3jp  war.  left  vrhilo  the  remainder  of  the  section 

:  was  rendered  opaque.  The  following  sections  of  the  film 

in  the  ease  of  a  motion  picture,  would  he  similarly 
treated. 

In  operation  tho  film  is  30  adjusted  in  the 
machine  that  the  part  of  the  scene  which  should  ho  dis¬ 
played  in  green,  as  for  example,  the  green  lawn  in  the 
foreground  in  the  picture  shown  in  Pig.  3,  is  caused  to 
appear  at  the  display  opening  3jj_  Just  as  the  section  26  of 
the  shutter  composed  of  green  glass,  is  passing  before  the 
window  22..  This  image  is  displayed  throughout  the  transit 
of  section  26  across  the  window  3J3  and  immediately  upon  the 
cutting  off  of  the  view  by  opaque  member  29  of  the  shutter, 
the  film  is  fed  forwardly  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow, 

00  that  the  succeeding  section,  showing  the  house  32:, 
appears  at  the  display  opening  Just  as  transparent  section 
■2V  of  the  shutter  which  is  red,  begins  to  cross  the  dis¬ 
play  opening.  Similarly,  after  this  view  has  been  cut  off, 
section  VL  showing  the  shy,  appears  at  the  display  opening 

of  the  screen. 

»s  in  the  viBion 

•of  t.he  beholder  as  is  shown  in  Pig.  3,  and  aro  produoed 
with  such  rapidity  that  the  images  of  the  first  two  seotionr 
shown,  persist  in  the  vision  of  the  beholder  while  the 
third  section  is  being  exhibited.,  thus  creating  the 
illusion  of  a  complete  picture  of  a  red  house,  against 
a  back-ground  of  blue  sky  and  green  lawn.  To  produce 
(5) 


and  is  exhibited  through  the  blue. . glass  £8 
These  three  elemental  images  ni i trjj  Wteai 


tills  effect  successfully,  the  apparatus  should  he  operated 
at  a  considerable  f-Pixte-of  speed.  It  is  of  course  understood 
that  the  invention  is  equally  applicable  to  the  projection 
of  isolated  views,  having  no  motion  or  of  views  showing 
objects  in  jnotion.  It  is  ovident  also,  what  in  the 
example  given  in  the  drawings,  the  transparent  sections 
of  the  shutter  might  have  been  any  colors  and  might  have 
been  as  well  two  or  four  or  of  another  number  other  than 
three,  although,  of  course,  it  is  evident  that  if  the 
number  of  viewG  into  which  a  picture  is  divided,  in  made 
too  groat,  the  speed  with  which  the  pictures  would  have 
to  be  taken  in  order  to  obtain  vievis  with  practically  no 
movement  between  the  same  for  the  different  color  elements 
and  also  the  exhibiting  of  the  same  In  the  maoh-ine  in  order 
that  the  law  of  persistence  of  vision 'might  be  complied 
with,  would  be  too  great  to  be  practicable.  In  the  example 
shown,  the  b.bj ecftsnaro  each  shown  in  the  solid  color 
belonging  to  ono  transparent  section  of  the  shutter.  It 
is,  however ,  of  course  apparent  that  combinations  of 
color  may  be  formed  on  the  retina  of  the  beholder  by  the 
superposition  of  images  of  different  colors  upon  the  retina 
within  the  time  limit  allowed  by  the  phenomenon  of  per- 
listence  of  vision.  For  example,  red  and  blue  lights 
'mingled,  produce#  purple;  red  and  green  produce  yellow; 
blue  and  yellow  produce  a  pale  pink,  etc.  Accordingly, 
with  a  shutter  carrying  transparent  sections  of  green, red 
'and  blue,  it  would  be  possible  to  show  a  yellow  object, 
r  example,  or  yellow  elements  of  the  picture,  by  leaving 
the  parts  of  the  picture  which  should  produce  the  yellow  efiji 
l  tiie  eye  of  the  beholder,  transparent  in  the  sections 
of  film  which  should  be  exhibited  under  the  green  and  red 
sections  of  the  shutter  successively.  For  considerations 
(6) 


such  aa  these,  it  is  apparent  that  it  IS  preferable  to  use 
for  the  shutter  three  transparent  sections  of  those  colors 
whioh  as  lights  mingle  together  to  produce  white.  It  is 
apparent  that  it  is  possible,  by  my  invention,  to  produce 
complete  images  of  scenes  in  a  great  variety  of  shadeB  and 
colors,  by  rendering  opaque  all  those  portions  of  the  film 
in  every  section  thereof  which  should  not  transmit  the  light 
of  the  color  appropriate  to  that  section  and  that  by  making 
the  transparent  portions  of  the  film  quite  Bmall,  a  show¬ 
ing  of  objectB  in  many  changing  colors  may  be  secured.  With 
the  apparatus  shown  in  the  drawings,  the  shutter  is 
rotated  one-third  of  a  revolution  for  each  successive  for¬ 
ward  feed  of  the  film,  one  oomplete  revolution  of  the  shut¬ 
ter  accompanying  a  forward  feed  of  three  pictures  or 
sections  of  the  film,  which,  however,  produce  only  one 
complete  picture  in  colors,  equivalent  to  the  usual 
instantaneous  Beene  in  black  and  white  which  accompanies 
the  rotation  of  a  shutter  in  the  usual  practice  of  the 
moving  picture  art. 

It  is  apparent  that  the  design  of  the  Bhutter 
and  the  mechanical  details  of  the  apparatus  disclosed  in 
the  drawings  may  be  changed  considerably  without  departing 
from  the  spirit  of  my  invention.  It  1b  also  evident  that 
within  the  spirit  of  my  invention  it  is  not  absolutely 

essential  that  a  shutter  be  provided  oarrying  transparent 

showt 

sections  of  different  colored  glaBS  or  similar  material, aa/ 
since  any  means  might  be  employed  to  cause  the  transmission 
of  light  of  the  desired  color  through  a  transparent  portion 
of  the  film  at  the  proper  time.  Any  means  by  whioh  the 
light  is,  with  a  proper  periodicity  broken  up  into  the 
desired  oolors,  will  be  within  the  Bcope  of  my  invention. 


(7) 


Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 
as  new  and  desire  to  secure  hy  Letters  Patent  is  as  follows 

picture- exhibiting  apparatus,  a  film 
carrying  aSseri\s  of  transparent  portions  having  the  out¬ 
line  of  partB  of\a  scene,  all  of  the  parts  of  the  series 
together  representing v the  whole  scene,  and  means  for 
projecting  in  succession  images  of  said  transparent 
portion's,  at  such  a  rate  that  the  images  first  pro¬ 
jected  will  persist  in\the  vision  to 'form  with  those 
last  projected,  an  linage^  of  the  complete  scene,  sub¬ 
stantially  aB  described.  \ 

j  2.  In  a  picture  ^exhibiting  apparatus,  a  film 
composed  of  transparent  portions  and  opaque  portions,  a 
serieB  of  transparent  portion\  representing  one  complete 
scene,  and  meanB  for  projectingyimages  of  Baid  transparent 
portions  in  succession  with  uuohWifgnment  and  at  Buch 
a  rate  that  the  effect  of  the  compete  scene  will  be  pro¬ 
duced  upon  the  eye,  substantially  sta  described. 

3.  In  a  picture  pro j ectingy apparatus,  a  film 
partly  transparent  and\  partly  opaque,  h  Bource  of  light,  arjd 
meanB  for  aligning  said  transparent  portions  with  respect 

to  said  source  of  light  and  advancing  than  past  the  same 
at  such  a  rate  that  a  single  complete  imagV  will  be  formed  | 
the  eye  as  the  resultant  of  the  exposureVf  a  series 
of  said  transparent  portions,  substantially  as  described. 

4.  In  a  picture  projecting  apparatu^  a  film 
partly  transparent  and  partly  opaque,  a  source  0^  light, 
and  meanB  for  periodically  breaking  up  the  same  info 
various  colors,  and  means  for  aligning  said  transparent 
portions  with  respect  to  said  source  of  light,  and 
them  past  the  same,  the  alignment  being  so  timed  that\saoh 
said  transparent  portion  is. exposed  simultaneously  with1 

(8,) 


a  ohange  in  the  oolofvof  the  light,  andthe  advance  being 
at  such  a  rate  that  a  Bangle  complete  image  of  a  scone  in 
natural  colors  will  he  forited  on  the  eye,  as  the  resultant 
of  the  exposure  of  a  series  of'  said  transparent  portions, 
substantially  as  described. 

/  ■)».  In  a  picture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film 

uCdhjt 

comprising,,  opaque  portions  and  transparent  portions,  rep¬ 
resenting  scenes  to  be  projected,  each  scene  being  represent^ 
ed  by  a  plurality  of  transparent  portions,  ouch  of  whioh 
represents  that  portion  of  the  scene  of  a  certain  color, 
said  transparent  portions  appearing  on  suooesBive  sections 
of  the  film,  a  source  of  light  and  means  for  periodically 
breaking  up  the  same  into  various  colors,  and  meanB  for 
•al-lgsteg^aid  transparent  portions  with  respect  to  said 
source  of  light,  and  advancing  them  pa3t  the  same,  the 
^bgameft*-  being  so  timed  «that  eacV  transparent  portion  is 
exposed  simultaneously  with  a  change  in  the  color  of  the 
light,  and  tho  advance  being  at  such  a  rate  that  a  single 
complete  image  of  a  scene  in  natural  colors  will  be  formed 
on  the  eye,  as  the  resultant  of  the  exposure  of  a  series  of 
said  transparent  portions,  substantially  as  described. 

-7 

In  a  picture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film 
carrying  representations  of  scenes,  each  scene  being 
disintegrated  into  its  parts  of  one  color  eaoh  and  each  such 
part  being  carried  by  a  successive  section  of  the  film.^a* 
souroe  of  light,  means  for  periodically  breaking  up  the 
same  into  various  colors,  and  means  for  feeding  said  film 
past  said  source  of  light,  so  timed  with  respect  to  said 
first  named  means  that  eaoh  part  of  a  scene  will  bo  exhibited 
in  its  proper  color,  and  at  such  a  rate  that  all  the  com¬ 
ponents  of  eaoh  scene  blend  in  the  vision  of  the  beholder 
to  form  the  complete  scenes  in  their  proper  colorB, 


(9) 


substantially  as  described. 


7.  In  a  picture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film 
carrying  representations  of  parts  of  a  scene  and  means  for 
projecting  imagesXof  the  same  in  succession  through  media 
of  different  colors^  with  such  alignment  and  at  such  a  rate 
that  the  resultant  affect  upon  the  eye  will  be  the  image 
of  the  complete  scen^in  its  natural  colors,  substantially 


1  picture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film 


.  oarrying  reprosentatioi 


ipsion  of  scenes  rep¬ 


resenting  objects  in  motiora  each  soeno  being  disintegrated 
into  its  portions,  composed  \noh  of  a  different  color  and 
means  for  projecting  images  oaths'  sajLd  portions  of  scenes 
in  succession  through  media  of Vifforbnt  colors,  each  the 
color  appropriate  to  the  portion\of  a  scene  exhib  fted1 
therethrough,  with  suoh  alignment  Void  such  a  rate  that 
the  resultant  effect  upon  the  eye  will  be  a  succession  of 
imageB  of  the  complete  scenes  in  the\r  natural  colors, 
substantially  as  described.  \ 


9.  In' a  picture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film 
carrying  representations  of  parts  of  seethes,  a  source  of 
light,  a  frame  provided  with  a  display  opening,  a  shutter 
provided  with  transparent  portions  of  differant  oolors  and 
opaque  portions,  means  for  rotating  said  shuwter  continuous* 
ly  and  means  for  feeding  said  film  intermltton\ly,  said 
rotating  means  and  said'.feeding  means  being  so  \imed  that 
a  part  of  a  soene  will  he,  displayed  through  oaidopening,  fc* 
through  a  transparent  portion  of  said  shutter  of  appropriate 
color  and  said  film  will  he  fed  at  suoh  a  rate  thatvthe 
images  of  all  the  parts  of  a  qcene  will  blend  on  the\ 
retina  of  the  eye  to  fora  a  complete  image  of  the  whole 


(10) 


1 


scene  in  natural  or  desired  colors,  substantially  as 
described.  /■ 


lo,  Jn  a  picture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film 
comprising  a  plurality  of  successive  sections,  devoted  to 
the  portrayal  of  ofae  scene,;  each  of  said  sections  being 
transparent  or  translucent  as  to  those  elements  of  the 
surface  thereof  corresponding  to  one  elemental  color  in  the 
scene  portrayed,  meansNfor  bringing  said  sections  opposite 
a  fixed  point  and  means  Vor  projecting  light  through  the 
same  and  through  a  coloring  medium  appropriate  to  each 
successively  and  with  suohVapidity  that  a  resulting 
composite  image  of  the  wholeVcene  in  itB  proper  odors 
will  appear  on  the  retina  of  t^e  beholder's  eye,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 

H  NUL.  In  a  picture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film 
comprising  a  plurality,  of  suo.cessivflk  sections,  devoted  to 
the  portrayal  of  one  scene,  each  of  s%id  sections  being 
transparent  or  translucent  as  to  thoseVlements  of  the 
surface  thereof  corresponding  to  one  elemental  odor  in 
the  scene  portrayed,  and  opaque  aB  to  all\>ther  elements  of 
the  surface  thereof,  substantially  as  described , 


12. 


\  , 


i  shutter 


in  a  picture  projecting  appara" 
provided  with  a  plurality  of  transparent  portiol 
different  odors  and  opaque  portions  between  the^ranBparentl 
portions,  a  continuous  film  composed  of  transparen\  portions 
representing  parts  of  scenes,  and  opaque  portions,  iflpans 
for  advancing  said  film  paBt  a  window,  a  source  of  l\^ght 
behind  said  window,  and  means  for  advancing  said  sKutti 
past  said  window,  both  said  advancing  means  being  so  timW 
that  a  transparent  portion  of  the  ififei  iB  exhibited  oppose 


(11) 


said  window  at  the  ^ame  time  that  a  transparent  portion  of 
the  shutter  of  appropriate  color  is  advanced  across  the  Bam 
substantially  as  described. 


'*/% 


(12) 


®f jis  specification  signeb  anb  toitneSSeb  tfjis  /d  ^tinp  of  190  / 

_ $L  $ 


2  $tfCA'  y^,c 


0atb. 


g>tate  of  i?etu  JferSep 
Count?  of  CSSex 


thoua.8  AiiVA  BDisoH,  ,  tfic  abobe  nameb 
petitioner,  being  bulp  Stoorn,  beposes  anb  Saps  tfjat  be  is  a  citizen  of  tfjc  ®niteb 
States,  anb  a  reSibent  of  Llewollyn  Parle,  Orange,  in  the  County  of 
Essex  and  in  the  State  of  Hew  Jersey; 


tfjat  fje  berilp  beliebes  fjimSelf  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  Sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbements  in 

COLORED  PIC  TUBE  EXHIBIT1HG  APPARATUS 


beScribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tfje  annexeb  Specification;  tfjat  fje  boes  not  fmoto  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  tfjat  tfje  Same  bias  eber  fenoton  or  useb  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscoberp  tfjereof;  or  patenteb  or  beScribeb  in  anp  printeb  publication  in  tfje 
flUniteb  States  of  America  or  anp  foreign  countrp  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscoberp  tfjereof,  or  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  patenteb 
in  anp  countrp  foreign  to  tfje  tHniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  tfjan 
ttoelbe  montfjs  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  tfje 
tHniteb  States  for  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  anb  tfjat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  Saib  inbention  fjas  been  fileb  bp  fjitn  or  fjis  legal 
representatibes  or  assigns  in  anp  foreign  countrp. 

&toorn  to  anb  SubScribeb  before  me  tfjis  bap  of  190  f 

:arp  public. 


[g>eal] 


»— sm. 

M.  '  Paper  No . 1_ . 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D,  C., 

Thomas  A,  Edison, 

C/o  Prank  L.  Dyur, 

Orange, 

jST..7. 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

Colored  Picture  Exhibiting  Apparatus,  filed  Aug.  13,  1908,  Serial 


This  case  has  been  examined. 

It  ;ira  thought  that  the  word  "aligned",  haa  boon  used  in 
the  specification  and  claims  in  place  of  registered.  ‘The  latter 
in  suggested  as  moro  aoourate, 

The  statement  contained  in  lines  8  to  8,  of  page  e,  is  ques¬ 
tioned.  A  natural  color  picture  of  a  scene  containing  rod, blue, 
and  groan'  cou3,el  not  bo  made  with  a  two  oolor  screen, 

The  claims  are  rejected  upon  any  of  the  following  patents: 

U.3,\sfc46,47V  ward:  13,  1900,  Leo  et  al.  (88— 1G ) ; 

U.S,rj$5  76,532,  June  18,  1901,  Davidson:  (same  class): 
u,s.^#690>766,  Sep.  28,  1897,  Korandj  (83 — 18)  (17); 

British)/#249,  jan.  3,  1902,  Vaughan;  (88—17), 

The  applicant's  film  as  set  forth  in  the  olaims  is  precisely 
what  is  obtained  in  the  well  known  throe-oolor  process  of  cdlor 
photography,  whioh  is  set  forth  as  applied  to  moving  plcturq, 
madhines  in  the  patents  cited, 

W. 


Examiner i 


IN  TIES  UNITED  STATICS  PATENT  0PFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

COLORED  PICTURE  EXHIBITING  ) 
APPARATUS  : 

) 

Piled  August  13,  1908  : 

Serial  No.  448,292  : 


Room  No.  312 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS, 


In  response  to  rejection  of  October 
9,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as  follows: 

^  Page  1  of  the  Specification,  line  14,  cancel 
"aligned"  and  substitute  -  registered  -  .  Line  22, 
canoel  "align  themselves"  and  substitute  -  register  -  . 

/  Page  3,  line  18,  cancel  "aligned"  and  sub¬ 
stitute  -  registered  -  . 

v  Page  5,  seventh  line  from  the  bottom,  canoel 
"align  themselves"  and  substitute  -  register  -  . 

S  Cancel  Claims  1,  2,  3,  4,  7,  8,  9,  10,  11  and 


*  Claim  5,  line  2,  insert  -  solidly  -  before 
"opaque".  Line  9,  cancel  "aligning"  and  substitute  - 
registering  -  ,  Line  11,  cancel  "alignment"  and  sub¬ 
stitute  -  registration  -  . 

— - - Claim  6, _ line  4,  after  "film"  insert  -/"and 


represented  by  a  transparent  or  translucent  portion  of 
the  film  of  the  outline  of  the  desired  part,  all  the  re¬ 
mainder  of  the  Beotion  being  solidly  opaque  -  . 

(1) 


<'  Renumber  Claims  Jj  and  6  aB  1  and  2,  and  insert 
the  following  as  Claim  ?: 

i/  3.  in  a  xjioture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film 
carrying  representations  of  scenes,  each  scene  being 
disintegrated  into  its  parts  of  one  color  each  and  each 
such  part  being  carried  by  a  successive  seotion  of  the 
film  and  represented  by  a  transparent  or  translucent 
portion  of  the  film  of  the  outline  of  the  desired  part, 
all  the  remainder  of  the  section  being  solidly  opaque, 
substantially  as  desoribed. 

REMARKS 

As  to  the  Examiner's  criticism  of  the  statement 
contained  in  lines  5  to  8,  page  6,  it  may  he  said  that 
the  remarkB  there,  as  stated,  apply  only  to  the  example 
given  in  the  drawings,  that  is,  a  picture  in  which  the 
natural  colors  are  not  blended  to  produoe  all  the  Bhades 
possible  in  nature,  but  merely  a  picture  composed  of 
several  integral  portions  of  different  colors. 

The  claims  are  thought  allowable  over  the 
references  and  reconsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 
All  the  references  disclose  the  idea  of  taking  the  original 
pictures  through  revolving  colored  screens,  and  thereafter 
exhibiting  the  positives  through  the  same  oolors.  This  ; 
is  thought  to  he  a  mere  theoretical  soheme  which  is  im-  j 
practical,  and  in  the  present  state  of  the  art,  inopera-  i 
tive.  It  is  not  possible  to  take  an  instantaneous  picture  \ 
with  the  requisite  speed  through  red  glass,  for  instance. 
Applicant' b  method  is  to  take  a  serieB  of  ordinary  black 


(2) 


and  Y/hite  motion  pictures  and  then  block  out  solidly  all  J 
the  portions  of  each  scone  other  than  those  of  the  desired] 
color.  For  example,  in  the  case  of  the  picture  of  a  man  1 
wearing  a  green  neoktio,  a  blue  shirt  and  a  whito  collar, 
the  portion  of  the  film  representing  the  whito  collar 
would  bo  loft  transparent  in  all  sections.  In  the  sec¬ 
tion  designed  to  appear  under  the  green  glass  of  the 
screen,  all  portions  of  the  screen  except  the  collar  and 
the  neoktio  would  be  blocked  out.  in  the  section  intend¬ 
ed  to  appear  under  the  blue  glass,  all  portions  would  be 
blocked  out  except  the  shirt  and  the  collar.  in  the 
section  intended  to  be  shoym  under  the  red  glass,  all 
portions  would,  be  blocked  out  except  the  face  and  the 
collar.  Thus,  integral  or  complete  portions  of  desired 
colors  are  left  transparent  or  translucent,  all  the 
remainder  being  rendered  solidly  opaque.  By  this  means 
a  practicable  method  is  designed,  the  necessary  apparatus 
for  which  is  now  adequately  claimed  and  distinguished  from 
the  references.  Even  if  it  were  possible  to  properly 
take  the  negatives  through  the  various  colors  as  contem¬ 
plated  by  the  references,  it  would  not  be  possible  to 
solidly  blook  out  the  portions  which  should  be  opaque  and 
the  powerful  light  of  the  arc  would  shine  through  the 
whole  film  to  such  an  extent  as  to  prevent  the  proper 
illusion. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISOH 


Orange,  New  .TerBey 
October  7th,  1909. 


His  Attorney 


8—260. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR,  ! 

. United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  d.  c„  y0v.  25  2909, 

Thomas  A.  Edison, 

c/o  Prank  I.  Dyer* 

Orange, 

ITew  Jersey,  I  L-JSS''' 

*”  1 Please  find  below  n.  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  cliarfie'of  yourrapplicalimij 

Colored  Picture  Exhibiting  Apparatus’,  filed  Aug,  15,  1908,  Serial 
#448,292. 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 

Case  reconsidered  in  connection  With  amendment  of  Oot'  8, 

1009. 

the  reference  numeral  14  should  he  'added  to  Pig.  1  of  the 
drawings, 

Tho  claims  ore  rejected  on  the  references  of  record,  in 
view  of  y/  - 

Crivolus  (British),  #10,695,  Kav^,  1901}  (38—16). 

Referring' to  Dee  et  al.,  #645,477  it  will  "be  noted  that  the  -  •( 
patentee  takes  pictures  alternately  through  red,  green,  and  j 
blue  Boreona  and  than  "projeots  the  pictures  thus  obtained 
through  a  similar  shutter.  It  is  held  that  &  film  produoed  by  a  | 
machine  of  this  typo  will  have  aeries  of  pictures  thereupon,  each1, 
soene  being  disintegrated  into  parts  of  one  color,  each  repre-  j 
sente d  by  transparent  portions,  all  the  remainder  of  the  soene 
being  opaque.  For  instance,  if  a  picture  is  taken  through  the 
red  screen  of  tho  shutter  only  those  rays  of  light  which  are  re 
lated  to  the  red  portion  of  the  spectrum  will  paes  through.  :■,> 
Consequently  only  those  portions  of  the  obj  eot  which  ai*e  in  red 
or  having  colors  pertaining  to  red  will  be  allowed  to  pass  through 
upon  the  sensitised  surface  of  the  film  thus  only  those  portions 
will  appear  on  the  fixed  film  as  transparent  portions,  and  the 
remaining  of  the  picture  corresponding  to  the  portions  of.  the 
objegt  tfhioh  were  green  or  blue  will  appear  on  the  film  as 


opaque  or  nearly  opaque.  In  the  lee  structure  It  is  probable  ') 
that  setae  light  would  passthrough  the  portions  of  the  film  j 
which  ar  supposedly  opaque,  it  is  held  however,  that  in  view 
of  the  fact  that  it  ia  old  to  tint  films  by  hand,  that  there 
would  be  no  invention  in  re-touohing  the  film,  such  as  produoed 
by  the  T-.ee  apparatus  to  make  the  opaque  portions  of  the  film 
solidly  opaque.  The  patent  to  Orivolus  shows  that  it  is  old  to 
pro.j  eet  pictures  from  a  black  and  white  film  through  alterna¬ 
ting  red  and  blue  oolor  screens.  It  is  admitted  that  in  the 
Orivolus  patent  tf&sX  tho  pictures  are  projected  through  oolor 
soreena  for  a  different  purpose.  However,  if  the  observer  lays 
aside  his  rad  and  blue  glasses  he  would  see  a  picture  on  the 
screen  whioh  would  bs''4n</c olor  although  the  effect  would  not  be 
pleaeing. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 

COLORED  PICTURE  EXHIBITING 
APPARATUS 

Filed  August  13,  1908 
Serial  No.  448,292 


) 

| 

) 

5 


Room  Ho.  312. 


HONORABLE  C01SMI  SSI  ONER  OF  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  November 
15,  1909,  please  amend  as  follows:- 


Please  add  the  following  claims:- 

1 M  The  ^process  of  making  a  photographio  film  con- 

sistink  in  photographing  at  spaced  intervals  upon  a  trans¬ 
parent  Aim  a  serieB  of  Images  of  an  objeot  or  scene,  pre¬ 
paring  a  positive  film  therefrom,  and  blocking  out  solid¬ 
ly  all  the  portions  of  each  image  other  than  those  repre¬ 
senting  the  portion  of  the  Beene  photographed  of  a  ca r= 
tain  color,  different  in  each  view,  substantially  aB 
described. 


5..  The,- process!  of  making  a  photographio  film  con¬ 
sisting  in  photographing  at  spaced  intervals  upon  a  trans¬ 
parent  film  a  plurality  of  serieB  of  images  of  a  moving 
scene,  preparing  a  positive  film  therefrom  and  blocking 


out  solidly  all  the  portions  of  each  image  other  than 
thoae  representing  the  portion  of  the  scene  photographed 
of  a\certain  color,  different  in  each  view  of  a  series, 
and  recurring  periodically  in  the  various  series,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 

The  process  of  presenting  the  illv^Bion  of  ani¬ 
mated  scenes  in  color,  consisting  in  photographing  at 
spaced  intervals  upon  a  transparent  film  a  plurality  of 
series  of  images  of  a  moving  scene,  preparing  a  positive 
film  therefrom  and  blocking  out  solidly  all  the  portions 
of  eaoh  image Vther  thak  those  representing  the  portion 
of  the  scene  photographed  of  a  oortain  color,  different 
in  eaoh  view  of  a  series,  and  recurring  periodically  in 
the  various  serie's,  and  projecting  series  of  imageB 
through  Baid  positive  film  in  a  moving  picture  projecting 
apparatus,  eaoh  image  being  projected  through  a  color 
medium  appropriate  thereto  at  such  a  rate  that  all  the 
differently  colored  images  of  oaoh  series  blend  in  the 
vision  of  the  beholder\to  form  the  complete  scenes  in  their 
natural  colors,  substantially  as  described. 

REMARKS 

The  Examiner  is  requested  to  apply  the  reference 
numeral  14  to  the  gear  mounted  on  crank  shaft  1£  in  Figure 
1  of  the  drawings,  the  Baid  gear  being  .shown  in  mesh  with 
pinion  1£  on  stud  l6. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 
Claims  1,  2  and  ?  have  not  been  amended,  Bince  they  are 


(2) 


thought  to  distinguish  patentably  in  their  present  form. 

The  patent  to  Lee  Ho.  645,477  Beams  to  he  the  only  pertin¬ 
ent  referenoe,  and  it  is  thought  that  the  claims  suffic¬ 
iently  distinguish  from  this.  It  would  not  he  practically 
possible  for  one  to  retouch  a  film  made  hy  Lee's  method, 
in  which  the  picture  is  taken  through  variously  colored 
screens,  to  obtain  solidly  opaque  portions  of  the  film, 
as  claimed  by  applicant.  Certainly,  such  a  thing  was 
not  contemplated  by  Lee,  and  it  is  thought  that  invention 
is  involved  in  the  conception  of  such  a  method  of  proced¬ 
ure  as  applicant's.  Many  practical  difficulties  stand  in 
the  way  of  taking  pictures  at  a  rapid  rate  through  various¬ 
ly  colored  screens,  as  contemplated  by  Lee.  Applicant 
overcomes  those  difficulties  by  the  simpler  process  of 
taking  pictures  of  the  whole  Beene  in  black  and  white,  and 
later  disintegrating  the  same  into  the  various  color  ele-  j 
ments  by  blocking  out  the  portions  of  the  picture  corres-  \ 
ponding  to  all  except  the  parts  of  ono  oolor  in  the  object  , 
photographed.  The  patent  to  Grivolus  does  not  seem  to  be 
pertinent.  Surely,  he  does  not  show  a  film  having  solidly 
opaque  portions  and  transparent  portions,  as  claimed  by 
applicant. 

It  lsthought  that  applicant  has  invented  a  new 
and  true  method  in  addition  to  his  apparatus,  and  accord¬ 
ingly,  the  same  is  claimed  in  the  throe  new  claims  sub¬ 
mitted  herewith.  It  is  also  thought  that  these  claims 
are  properly  part  of  the  same  invention  with  the  apparatus 
claimed  because  of  the  close  connection  between  the  same, 
which  will  be  apparent  to  the  Examiner. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

November  14th,  1910 


V 

Dlv. 


.312 


M«  Paper  No . 5 - 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

Washington  Dec.  12,  1910. 

Thomas  A.  'Edison, 

C/o  Frank  L.  Dyer, 

Orange , 

Now  Jersey. 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


Colored  Picture  E:xhiblting  Apparatus, 
#44  8,292. 


filed  Aug.  13,  1908,  Serial 


Commissioner  of  Patent*. 


Case  reconsidered  as  amended  Nov.  13,  1910. 

Claims  1  to  3  relate  to  an  apparatus;  claims  4  to  6  relate 
to  a  process.  Inasmuch  as  the  claims  originally  made  related 
solely  to  apparatus,  applicant  is  not  now  entitled  to  olaim  a 
process  in  this  application.  Division  is  required:  claims  4  to 
6  must  he  oanoeled  before  action  will  he  given  on  the  merits. 

Attention  is  ■  called  to  the  following  patents: 

(French)  Joly,  #383,074,  Feb*.  54,  1908; 

(French),  Joly,  Addition,  #8;444,  April  3,  1908; 

(101 — Stenciling  Machines jBand) . 


IN  THE  UNITED  .STATES.  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  EdiBon  ,  ) 

COLORED  PICTURE  EXHIBIT-  ■  ) 

ING  APPARATUS  : 

Filed  August  13,  1908  : 

Serial  No.  448,298 


Room  No. 


312. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 
SIR: 


.In  response  to  the  Office  letter  of 
Deoember  12,  1910,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  appli¬ 
cation  as  follows :- 

Cancel  Claims  4  to  6  inclusive,  ana  add  the 
following  claims 

4.  In  a  picture  projecting  apparatus,  a  film  carry¬ 
ing  representations  of  scenes,  each  soene  being  disintegrat¬ 
ed  into  its  parts  of  one  oolor  eaoh,  ana  eaoh  such  part 
being  oarried  by  a  successive  section  of  the  film  and 
represented  by  a  transparent  or  translucent  portion  of  the 
film  of  the  outline  of  the  desired  part,  all  the  remainder 
of  the  seotion  having  material  applied  thereto  to  render 
the  same  opaque. 


^  6.  |  In  a  ^picture  projecting  apparatus,'  a  film  carry¬ 

ing  ^representations  of  scenes,  (eaofif  scenes  being  disintegrat¬ 
ed  into (its)  parts  of  one  oolor  each,  and  eaoh  suoh  part 
being  oarried  by  a  successive  seotion  of  the  film  and 
represented  by  a  transparent  or  transluoent  portion  of  the 
film  of  the  outline  of  the  desired  part,  all  the  remainder 
of  the  seotion  being  oovered  with  pigment  to  render  the 
same  opaque,  substantially  as  desoribed. 


REMARKS 

In  the  above  amendment  applioant  has  complied 
with  the  requirement'  of  division  by  canceling  Claims  4  to 
6  inolusive.  Applicant  reserves  the  right  to  file  a 
divisional  application  on  the  subjeot  matter  of  the  claims 
oanoeled.  •  ■ 

Hew  Claims  4  and  5  are  drawn  along  the  lines  of 
present  Claim  3,  and  differ  therefrom  in  including  means 
for  rendering  oertaih  portions  of  the  film  section  opaque 
Hone  of  the  references  of  reoord  shows  moving  picture  films 
in  whioh  portions  of  the  films  have  material  applied  there¬ 
to  or  are  oovered  with  pigment  to  render  the  same  opaque. 
The  Examiner  is  requested  to  consider  the  argument  contain¬ 
ed  in  the  seoond  paragraph  of  the  remarks  aooompanying  the 
amendment  filed  Hovember  15',  1910  in  oonneotion  with  new 
Claims  4  and  5  as  well  as  with  Claims  1  to  3  inolusive 
previously  in  the  case. 

Favorable  aotion  on  the  merits  of  the  olaims  now 
in  the  oase  is  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

’  '  ;  THOMAS  A.  EDISOH  ' 

By  — _ 

His  Attorney 

Orange,  Hew  Jersey 
Deoember  J3-  ,  1911. 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON  Jan 

Thomas  A.  Edison, 

C/o  Frank  L.  Dyer, 

Orange, 

How  Jersey. 

J'tease  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  j/our  application. 

Colored  Picture  Exhibiting  Apparatus,  filed  Aug.  13,  1908,  Serial 


.  26.,1912. 


Case  reoonsidered  as  amended  Deo.  8,  1911. 

All  the  olalms  are  rejected. 

Oj. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  offioo  action  of  Hov.15,1911: 
if  the  argument  there  io  oorreot,  it  would  appear  that  the  films 
produoed  by  Lee  and  by  applicant  are  the  same  so  far  as  their 
optical  properties  are  concerned.  The  only  distinction  is  that 
in  applicant's  case  a  pigment  is  applied  to  the  film  to  make 
certain  portions  opaque.  Whereas  in  the  referenoe  precisely  simi¬ 
lar  portions  are  render  opaque  by  an  opaque  emulsion.  The  Exam¬ 
iner  is  unable  to  see  how  patentability  can  be  predicated  on  a 
ohange  of  this  kind,  where  there  is  absolutely  no  ohange  in  theu 
result  accomplished.  It  is  true  that  the  different  method  employ¬ 
ed  for  making  applicant *s  piotureB  necessitates  this  ohange  in 
the  oharaoter  of  the  opaque  subBtanoe  used;  but  ,’faot  tends 

to  ehow  novelty  in  the  process  rather  than  novelty  in  the  arti- 
ole.  The  fact  that  the  process  might  be  novel  would  be  no  rea¬ 
son  for  granting  a  patent  on  the  produot,  whioh  in  its  optical 
properties  is  idmtioal  with  the  artiole  in  the  prior  art,  In 
Tiew  of  the  (above,  alJL  the  olalms  are  rejected  on  Lee,  of 
record. 


#448, 891 


Attention  is  called  to  the  following  patents; 

(French) ,  Joly,  #381,494^  Jan.  13,. 1908} 

(Fronoh)i  Borthon  ot  al., ^364^369;  Aug.  81,  1906: 
(British),  Krayn,  #10,009,  of  1900;^ 

(French),  Berthon  et  al.,.#375,ll0,  July  1,  1907; 
(Frenohj,  serthon  et  al.  Ad.  #6,f93t^ Sep.  81,  1906: 
(88--Color).  ^ 


D.G.H, 


Examiner. 


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-  ,  j  -  .  -:~ 


®o  tfje  Commissioner  of  patents: 


§?our  Petitioner  thohas  a.  edisoh 

a  citizen  of  tije  tlniteb  States!,  reSibing  attb  fjabing  a  Post  ©ffice  abbress  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  Hew  Jersey; 


praps  tfjat  letters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  fjim  for  tije  implements  in 
PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS 


Set  fort!)  in  tije  annexeb  Specification ;  anb  Ije  Ijerebp  appoints  Jfranfc  %.  ©per 
(Registration  i?o.  560),  of  ©range,  J2etu  Sfersep,  !jis  attornep,  tuitij  full 
potoer  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  tfjis  application,  to  mabe 
alterations  anb  amenbments  tfjerein,  to  receibe  tije  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tije  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjeretoitfj. 


-  SPECIFICATION 


TO  Alt  WHOM  IT  KAY  CONCERN} 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  ALVA  EDISON, 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyi, 
Park,  Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey, 
have  invented  oertain  new  and  useful  improvements  in 
PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS,  of  which  the  following  is  a  desoriptioi 

The  wax-like  compositions  now  in  common  use  for 
making  phonograph  records,  such,  for  example,  as  that 
described  in  Patent  No.  782,375,  granted  to  Jonas  W.  Ayls- 
worth,  have  qualities  which  make  them  epeoially  adapted 
for  this  purpose.  Such  materials  can  ho  readily  molded, 
give  an  acourate  copy  of  the  surface  of  the  mold  or  matrix, 
and  after  being  molded  can  be  reamed  out  and  trimmed  off  . 
and  otherwise  worked  with  great  facility.  Phonograph 
reoords  can  be  made  from  these  materials  at  low  cost,  with 
simple  machinery  and  by  very  cheap  labor.  It  is  a  faot, 
however,  that  reoords  made  from  these  wax-like  compositions 
and  made  as  is  now  the  common  praotioe,  with  substantially 
one  hundred  record  grooves  to  the  inch,  after  being  sub¬ 
jected  to  a  large  number  of  reproductions  on  the  phonograpl , 
show  Bigns  of  wear  and  the  character  of  the  reproduction 
obtained  therefrom  is  not  so  good  as  at  first.  Obviously, 
suoh  records  would  be  more  rapidly  worn  if  a  narrower 
record  groove  and  a  reproducing  stylus  of  correspondingly 
deoreased  size  are  made  use  of.  As  it  is  desirable  to  in¬ 
crease  the  amount  of  record  on  the  surface,  it  is  neoessary 
that  such  surface  should  be  hardened.  It  is  desirable, 


I 


I  therefore,  that  a  record  he  made  v/hioh  will  have  a  harder 
and  tougher  wearing  surface  and  which  will  at  the  same  time 
retain  the  good  moldahle  and  workable  qualities  of  the 
records  made  from  the  wax-like  compositions  now  used. 

The  object  of  my  invention  is  to  provide  a  record 
of  the  sort  just  described,  made  from  wax  or  wax-like  com¬ 
position,  or  other  easily  molded  material,  and  having  a 
hardened  wearing  surface.  In  the  practice  of  my  inven¬ 
tion  I  preferably  take  a  duplicate  or  original  phonograph 
record,  which  has  been  made  in  any  of  the  usual  ways  from 
the  usual  wax-like  composition,  and  immerse  it  in  a  solu¬ 
tion  of  nitrated  cotton  in  any  of  the  ordinary  solvents 
used  for  this  purpose,  as  for  example,  acetate  of  amyl, 
which  is  commonly  made  use  of  for  providing  a  liquid  so¬ 
lution  from  which  films  Eire  made  for  photographic  use.  I 
may,  if  desired,  add  a  small  percentage  of  camphor  to  the 
nitrated  cotton,  thus  making  a  celluloid  collodion  solution, 
but  this  may  bo  dispensed  with. 

I  place  the  record  upon  a  dipping  mandrel  having 
adjustable  extension  ends  at  each  end  of  the  reoord.  It  is 
then  immorsed  in  the  solution  while  hold  vertically;  it  is 
then  withdrawn  and  subjected  to  a  gentle  breeze  from  a 
fan  -  to  slightly  affect  or  harden  the  surface;  it  is  then 
immersed  a  second  time  and  subjected  to  the  air.  If  the 
solution  is  rather  thick,  two  suoh  dips  will  give  a  suffic¬ 
ient  thickness  of  film  over  the  record  when  the  latter  is 
dried.  Sometimes  it  is  best  to  make  the  solution  thinner 
when  three  or  more  dips  will  be  necessary.  After  the  dips, 
the  mandrel  is  transferred  to  a  machine  whioh  rotates  it  in 
a  horizontal  position  until  nearly  free  from  solvent, when 

2. 


it  may  be  taken  off  the  mandrel  and  set  aside  until  the 
whole  of  the  solvent  has  evaporated,  leaving  a  very  hard 
tough  film  on  the  surface  of  the  reoord.  It  is  a  remark¬ 
able  fact,  and  entirely  unexpected,  that  although  the 
average  depth  of  the  indentations  on  a  reoord  is  only  half 
of  one  thousandth,  of  an  inch  and  the  greatest  depth  one 
thousandth:  of  an  inch,  yet,  if  the  thickness  of  the  film 
of  the  nitro-oellulose  when  dry  is  three  thousandths  of  an 
inch,  a  perfect  replica  of  the  record  underneath  1b  pro¬ 
duced  on  th"  surface  of  the  cellulose  above,  even  to  the 
finest  detail,  and  what  is  more  strange  is  that  the  depth 
of  the  wave  is  so  little  affected  that  the  loss  in  the 
volume  of  sound  is  soaroely  notioeable.  Very  deep  reoordB 
can  be  made  and  the  reproducing  balls  can  be  pressed  with 
sufficient  force  against  the  oellulose  as  to  cause  it  to 
follow  the  reoord  without  injury  to  it,  which  would  be  im¬ 
possible  if  the  ball  was  forced  against  the  reoord  surface 
below.  Thus,  the  volume  and  quality  of  tho  sound  can  be 
increased,  and  the  sound  reoord  oan  be  used  indefinitely 
without  noticeable  deterioration, 

Othor  f  ilm  producing  liquids  my  be  used  in  place  of 
the  nitro-oellulose  and  its  solvents,  such  as  acetyl-oellu- 
loBe  in  aoetio  acid.  If  the  aoetyl-cellulose  is  used  in 
its  uaua^L  solvent  -  ohloroform  -  the  solvent  will  generally 
attack  wax,  and  therefore  the  original  record  should  be  ™ad«» 
of  material  which  is  not  appreciably  dissolved  by  the  solvent 
of  the  film  material,  Water  soluble  film  producing  sub¬ 
stances  oan  he  used,  such  as  silicate  of  soda,  but  in  this 
case  the  surface  of  the  reoord  should  be  capable  of  being 
wet  evenly,  as  for  instance,  by  immersing  the  wax  reoord  in 
weak  alcohol  and  rapidly  drying  .  This  destroys  the  shiny 


-3- 


appearance  of  the'surface  of  the  reoord  without  hurting  the 
record  itBelf.  Upon  immerBion  in  silicate  of  soda,  it  will 
adhere  evenly  ,  and  upon  drying  will  give  a  hard  film.  Thif 
can  he  made  harder  hy  immerBion  in  chloride  of  oalcium  to 
formhy double  decomposition,  oalcium  silioate.  The  sili¬ 
cate  film  is  not  so  desirable  as  the  oelluloBe  film,  not 
having  toughness  to  withstand  hard  usage,  although  very 
desirable  in  view  of  the  cheapness  of  the  material. 

The  adhesion  of  the  film  to  the  record  is  very  great 
as  it  is  shrunk  under  great  tension,  and  notwithstanding 
long  use  of  the  reproducing  ball,  it  persists  in  its  adhe¬ 
sion  to  the  contour  of  the  sound  record.  The  thickness  of 
the  film  may  be  governed  by  regulating  the  strength  of  the 
solution,  a  very  dilute  solution  producing  a  thin  film,  bb 
will  be  understood,  and  a  stronger  solution  a  thicker  film. 
The  film  must  obviously  not  be  thick  enough  to  interfere 
with  the  volume  of  sound  produced  by  the  reoord.  It  is 
evident  that  for  cheapening  the  film,  it  may  be  adulterated 
with  various  cheaper  materials  soluble  in  the  solvent  and 
which  do  not  diminish  the  strength  beyond  the  desirable 
point.  -  7n  -,nJ  ■  <r 


Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim 

isj- 

1.  A  phonograph  reoord  coated  with  a  tough  hard 
film  upon  the  surfaoe  of  which  is  produoed  a  replica  of  the 
reoord  underneath,  substantially  as  set  forth.  i 

sT^A'-phonograph  reoor^Sof  wax  or  wax- like,  or 
similar,  material,  ooated  over  witlNa  tough  film  upon  the 
surfaoe  of  whioh  is  a  replioa  of  the  repord  underneath, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


,3.  A  phonograph  rpoord'  coated  with  a  i.itro- 
ccllulose-l-ifea-  film  upon  tile  surface  of  which  is  produced 
a  replica  of  the  record  underneath,  substantially  as  sat 


tEjjfe  Specification  Signet)  ant)  toitneSSeb  tbiS/^-  bap 


©atb* 


££>tate  of  JSeto  jJTecSep 
Count?  of  CSSex 


TitoiiAs  a.  edi bon  ,  tfje  aliobe  nameb 

petitioner,  being  bulp  stoorn,  beposes  anb  Saps  tfjat  fje  is  a  citizen  of  tfje  tHniteb 
states,  anb  a  resibent  Of  Llewellyn  Park,  Orange,  County  of  Ebbsx 
and  State  of  New  Jersey} 

that  i}t  berilp  beliebes  fjimSelf  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  Sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbements  in  phonograph  records 


bescribeb  anb  tlaimeb  in  the  annexeb  Specification;  that  Ije  boes  not  bnob)  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  that  tfje  same  boas  eber  fenobm  or  useb  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscober?  tljereof;  or  patenteb  or  bescribeb  in  anp  printeb  publication  in  tfje 
tHniteb  states  of  America  or  anp  foreign  countrp  before  W  inbention  or 
biscoberp  tljereof,  or  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  patenteb 
in  anp  countrp  foreign  to  tfje  ©niteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  ttjan 
ttoelbe  months  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  tfje 
{Hniteb  States  for  more  than  ttoo  pears  prior  to  this  application;  anb  tljat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  saib  inbention  fjaS  been  fileb  bp  bint  or  fjis  legal 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C„  -  . 

October  28,1908. 

ThomaB  A,  EdiBon, 

Care  prank  L,  Dyer, 

Orange,  New  jersey  . 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAttlHER  in  charge  of  your  application, 

for  Phonograph  Records .filed  October  14 ,1908, serial  number 


rejected  in  view  of  Adaras-Randall ' b 
(181-2).  See  especially  page  9, 


lineal,  2  and  3  of  said  patent  . 


If  applicant  prosecute  thiB  case  further,  he  is  requir¬ 
ed  to  file  a  drawing  of  the  article  claimed,  with  the  elements 
constituting  the  reoord  properly  indicated  by  reference  characters. 


IN  Tins  UHITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 
PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS 
Piled  Ootoher  14,  1908 
Serial  No.  457,592 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS  j 

SIR:  j 

In  response  to  rejection  of  Ootoher 
28,  1908,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as  follows: 

Cancel  the  claims  and  substitute  the  following: 

1.  A  phonograph  record  of  sttdM.**hl«— n  Jn-iow  1 

Irecord^raa*ei=fcal  having  vertical  sound  undulations  on  theA 
surface  thereof  coated  with  an  extremely  thin  tough  hard 
film  upon  the  surface  of  which  is  produced  a  replica  of 
^the  record  underneath,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

OU'OsH-  / 

2.  A  phonograph  record  of  aui4.utoTe-iiittL4piFSl,  having 

I  vertical  sound  undulations  on  the* surface  thereof,  coated 
with  a  nitro-cellulose  film,  upon  the  surface  of  which  is 
produced  a  replica  of  the  record  underneath,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 

REMARKS 

Applicant  will  file  a  drawing  of  the  article 
claimed,  as  requested  by  the  Examiner,  before  the  next 
Office  action. 


) 

) 

)  Room  No.  379* 

) 

) 

) 


(1) 


I  Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims  as 

now  drawn  are  respectfully  requested.  The  English  patent 
to  Adams-Randall  discloses  broadly  the  idea  of  protecting 
a  sound  record  hy  covering  the  same  with  a  thin  layer. 

The  following  points  should,  however,  be  noted:  The 

patentee  applies  a  layer  of  plumbago  to  the  surface  of 
the  wax  or  other  record  material.  This  is  evidently  for 

I  I  i  the  purpose  of  making  the  same  electro-oonductive  in 

order  that  metal  may  be  deposited  thereon  electrolytically. 
The  thin  metallic  varnish  which  the  patentee  refers  to  in 
line  2,  page  9  of  his  patent,  was  apparently  intended  to 
be  an  electro-deposition  like  the  layer  of  copper.  It  is 
impossible  to  get  a  thin  electrolytic  layer  to  form  proper¬ 
ly  on  a  non-conducting  record  surface  suoh  as  applicant's. 
Another  distinction  to  be  pointed  out  is  that  the  record 
described  by  the  patentee  is  one  having  lateral  sound  un¬ 
dulations.  in  such  a  case,  it  is  not  important  whether 
or  not  the  record  groove  is  partially  filled  with  the 
varnish  or  other  protecting  material.  In  the  case  of 
applicant's  record,  however,  the  undulations  are  vertical, 
and  the  same  being  on  such  a  microscopio  Beale,  the  fact 
that  a  record  may  be  made  with  a  protective  film  covering 
i  the  same  and  having  a  perfect  replica  of  the  record  under¬ 
neath  on  the  surface  of  the  film  without  noticeably  af¬ 
fecting  the  depth  of  the  wave,  is  quite  remarkable  and 
novel.  Applicant  discovered  that  this  oould  be  done  with 

I  certain  substances  by  operating  in  the  proper  manner,  and 
the  record  here  claimed  is  the  embodiment  of  thiB  dis¬ 
covery. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

Orange,  New  Jersey  THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

October  27th,  1909.  By  _ 

His  Attorney 


'is£c.ro°°m — 2,79 

J.K.P.-S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

United  States  Patent  Office, 


Paper  N0....3  < 

II  ummuotoitlon.  rapt'ctlng  Vhl.^ 


WASHINGTON,  O.  C„ 


Nov.  9,1909. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

Care  Frank  T.>.  Dyer,  I 

Orange,  New  Jersey  .  IMOV  }) 

I  M  AILED. 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


for  Phonograph  Records, filed  October  14 ,1908, serial  number 
457,592  .  ' 


f<R^c~FS\ 
NOV  101909  J 


lv 

This  action  is  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  Ootober 

28,1909. 

Olaim  1  is  rejeoted^as^  displaying  no  invention  over 
Connolly,  Jan.  5,1904,  #749,030,  (.V81 -16) . 

The  requirement  for  a  drawing  is  repeated  . 


"  jb*  • 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 

Thomas  A.  Edison  : 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS 

Room  No.  379. 

Piled  October  14,  1908  5 

Serial  No.  457,592 

HON OR ABIE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  November 
9,  1909,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows: 

Page  4  of  the  specif loation,  after  the  21st  line 
insert  the  following  - 

Attention  1b  hereby  directed  to  the  accompany- 
ing  drawing  forming  part  of  this  application,  and  illus¬ 
trating  in  partial  longitudinal  section  a  record  embodying 
my  invention.  In  the  drawing,  the  record  1  which  is 
formed,  as  Btated,  preferably  of  wax  or  wax-like  composi¬ 
tion,  is  provided  with  a  vertically  undulating  sound  rec¬ 
ord  groove  2  having  a  hardened  wearing  surface  provided 
by  the  film  jS,  which  is  formed  of  the  substance  or  sub¬ 
stances  and  in  the  manner  described.  - 

- REMARKS 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 
Applicant  has  complied  with  the  Examiner's  requirement 
of  a  drawing.  Claim  1,  which  haB  been  rejected  on  patent 


(1) 


to  Connolly,  No.  749, °30,  has  not  'boon  amended,  and  re¬ 
consideration  and  allowance  of  the  name  are  requested. 

It  is  not  understood  what  pertinence  this  reference  can 
possibly  have,  and  the  Examiner  is  requested  to  explain 
the  same.  It  may  be  that  this  reference  has  been  cited 
by  inadvertence,  since  it  describes  and  claims  a  record 
of  the  laterally  undulating  record  groove  type,  the  rec¬ 
ord  being  formed  of  a  soft  metal  by  impressing  or  milling 
the  record  groove  on  the  surface  of  the  metal  record,  the 
surface  of  the  record  not  being  coated  with  a  thin  tough 
film  upon  the  surface  of  which  is  produoed  a  replloa  of 
the  reoord  underneath,  as  is  claimed  by  applicant,  nor 
coated  in  any  other  manner.  This  roferenoe  would  give 
absolutely  no  instruction  to  one  desiring  to  coat  a  pro¬ 
tecting  film  upon  the  reoord  surface  of  a  record  having 
vertical  undulations.  Since  Connolly's  record  is  formed 
of  metal,  he  does  not  neod  a  protective  coating,  and  be¬ 
cause  of  the  manner  of  formation,  his  record  could  not 
be  formed  with  vertical  unaulationB. 

Respectfully  submitted, 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

His  Attorney 


Orange,  Hew  Jersey 
November  6~  ,  1910  < 


2—200 


4 

iT 


na  resp"(&l»^fiil3  # 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


STATES  PATEN 

WASHINGTON 


’  OFFICE 

Nov  25,1010. 


Thomas  A.  Edl3on, 

Care  Trank  I..  Dyer, 
Orange,  New  .Tersey  . 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


OFFICII 

MOV  25  1910 

M  A  I  L  E  D. 


for  Phonograph  Records , filed  0ct.  14,1906, serial  numb nr 
457,592  . 


This  action  is  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  Mov. 
8,1910.  v  "I,*' 

Claim  1  is  again  rejected  upon  Connolly  of  record,  see 
pane  1,  lineB  74,  75  and  76.  It  is  held  immaterial  whether 
the  coating  he  oopplied  to  a  record  having  lateral  groovos  or 
to  one  having  vertical  grooves  as  the  same  proooBS  is  applicable 
to  either  as  see  Wurth, N0v.  1,1904,  #773,617,  (l81-16),  page  1, 
lines  61  to  64  inclusive  or  Edison, N0v.  11,1902,  #713,' 2O9,  (181-16) , 
page  1,  lineB  60  to  68  inclusive.  This  claim  is  also  rejected 
as  not  patentable  over  the  product  obtained  by  depositing  the 
thin  ooating  of  gold  upon  the  master  record  as  disclosed  in  thiB 
last  patent  to  Edison  cited. 

Claim  2  and  also  claim  1  are  rejected  upon  Adams- 
Randall  of  reoord,  or  Berliner, N0v.  8,1897,  #372,786,  (181-14), 
in  view  of  Capps,. Tan.  22, 1901, #666, 493;  Reynard, .Ten. v29, 1901, 
#666,819,  or  Manwaring.Nov.  8,1904,  #774,192,(181-16).  It  is 
shown  to  be  old  in  Berliner  and  Adams-Randall  to  apply  a  '  •  •  ■ 

protective  ooating  to  the  surfaoe  of  the  record*  ,  It  is  held  paten- 
tably  immaterial,  whether  the  record  he  one  of  the  zig-zag  grooves 
or  whether  it  be  a  hill  and  dale  groove  as  it  iB  believed  that 


#457,592-- - 8. 

the  application  of  tho  coating  will  not  exterminate  one  groove 
tron averse 

morn  than  the  other.  AV  beet i oil.,  h  to  a  zig-zag  groove  is  analogous 
to  a  section  longitudinally  to  a  hill  and  dale  groove.  If 
Berliner's  or  Adans-Rnndall ' s  protective  coating  is  effective  in 
their  record  groove,  it  is  believed  the  same  coating  would  he  as 
effective  in  a  hill  and  dale  groove  . 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE . 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  ) 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORDS ,  ) 

Filed  October  14,  1908,)  Room  No.  379 
Serial  No.  457,392.  ) 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS , 

SIR; 

In  response  to  Office  action  of  November  25, 
1910,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  ae>  followB; 

In  lines  1  and  2,  claim  1,  change  "suitable 
non-conducting  record  material"  to  -  wax  -  ;  and  in  line 
4,  same  claim,  before  "  film"  insert  -  organio  ~  . 

in  line  1,  claim  2,  change  "suitable 
material"  to  -  wax  -  . 


REMARKS 

None  of  the  references  of  record  discloses 
a  wax  record  having  vertical  sound  undulations  on  the 
surface  thereof  and  coated  with  a  thin  tough  organio 
film  bearing  a  replica  of  the  record  underneath.  Adams- 
Randall  employs  for  his  surface  coating  a  metallic  varnish, 
a  material  which  would  produoe  a  rough  surface  unsuited 
for  efficient  reproduction,  Berliner  makeB  no  reference 

I  to  the  particular  type  of  varnish  applied  to  the  record. 
Furthermore,  the  patents  to  Adams-Randall  and  Berliner 
disclose  records  having  lateral  undulations,  whereas  the 


olaims  in  thiB  application  Bpeoify  that  the  record  has 
"vertloal  sound  undulations . 11  Although  tho  flow  to  the 

bottom  of  the  grooves  of  a  record  of  the  first  named  type 
of  the  material  forming  the  protective  coating  would  not 
necessarily  modify  the  shape  of  the  sides  of  the  grooves, 
so  as  to  destroy  the  record,  the  use  of  the  same  material 
might  cause  such  a  flow  to  the  bottom  of  the  depressions 
of  a  record  having  vertical  undulations  as  to  practically 
destroy  the  efficient  sound  reproducing  qualities  of  the 
latter.  ^discovery  of  a  method  whereby  a  record  having 
vertical  undulations  may  be  covered  with  a  protective  coat¬ 
ing  of  qrganic  material  with  the  result  that  the  depth  of 
the  grooves  will  not  be  noticeably  affected  is  not  suggested 
by  any  of  the  patents  of  record. 

The  patents  to  Connolly,  Bdison  and  Wurth  of 
reoord  specify  metallic  protective  ooatingjand  are 
accordingly  thought  not  to  suggest  the  applicant's  inven¬ 
tion.  The  patents  to  Capps  and  Reynard  do  not  disclose  a 
phonograph  record  of  wax  having  vertical  undulations  on  the 
surface  thereof  and  provided  with  a  protective  coating 
bearing  a  replica  of  the  reoord  underneath. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  accordingly 
respectfully  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted, 


Orange,  Hew  Jersey, 
November  1911. 


THOMAS  A.  -EDISON, 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON  Boo.  (5,1911  . 

Tliomus  A.  35 disc ii, 

Care  prank  B.  Dyer, 

Orange,  How  Jersey  . 

Plcanc  find  heloxo  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 

for  I’honogruph  Rooords, filed  October  14, 1900, serial  numb or 


This  action  in  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  Hov,  10,1911; 

Both  of  the  oluiras  are -rej ected  upon  the  references  and  for 
tho  reasons  of  record.  It  is  hold  not  a  patentable  limitation 
that  applicant  has  specified  wax  rather  than  any  other  well  : 

known  record  material  as  the  basic  material  of  his  records 
Moreover,  both  of  the  claims  are  rejected  as  met  in  terms  by 
the  product  produced  by  the  dipping  of  Reynard's  matrix;  See 


.-page  2,  lines  67  to  61  inclusive; 

'  a- 

vi  It  is  believed  that  applicant  is  in  error  in  saying  that 

f  Adoms-Randall * s  reoord  is  laterally  out;  The  disclosure  of  the 
•f  ^sound  box  is  clearly  of  the  hill  and  dale  type;  Attention  is 
Y  ^  also  directed  to  Hoyt, Aug;  14,19o6,  #8&8?604j  (181-16); 


IE  I'lffi  UEriED  . ITAl’KLS  J.’ATJCHT  OFFICE. 

THOMAS  A.  BDISOI? ,  ) 

PHONOGRAPH  RECORPfJ,  ); 

.Ho urn  Ifo.  379 . 

Filed  October  14,  1900,  ) 

Serial  Ho.  457,692.  ) 

HONORABLE  OOlE'il.srJIOiER  OF  FATBITSS , 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  action  of  December  6, 
1911,  plouse  amend  the  abovo  ontitlod  case  uo  follows; 

In  lino  2,  claims  1  and  2  after  "the" 
insert  -  outer  -  . 

g  E  II  ARKS 

She  claims  are  thought  not  to  be  anticipated 
by  the  references  of  locord  and  reconsideration  and  allow¬ 
ance  ore  accordingly  respectfully  requested. 

It  is  submitted  that  the  use  of  wax  as  tho 
basic  material  of  applicant's  record  is  of  importance, 
this  material  having  molding  properties  superior  to  those 
of  tho  other  Well  known  sound  record  compositions  and 
thereby  producing  a  more  accurate  sound  record  than  the 
last  named  materials.  Referring  to  tho  Examiner's  state¬ 
ment  that  both  of  tho  claims  wero  met  in  terms  by  tho  pro due  ; 
producod  by  the  dipping  of  Reynard's  matrix,  it  is  pointed 
out  that  the  record  undulations  of  tho  said  product  are  form¬ 
ed  an  tho  bore  or  interior  thcroof  and  could,  therefore,  not 
be  conveniently  reproduced.  The  claims  have,  howover, 
boon  amended  to  diff orontiato  from  this  product  by  specify¬ 
ing  that  the  sound  undulations  are  on  the  "outer"  surface  of 
the  record.  Reynard's  record  is  furthermore  not  provided 
with  a  base  of  wax  containing  sound  undulations,  as  spocifie L 

1 


in  both  the  claims,  anil  tho  curfuoing  mutoriul  apooifiefl 
by  him  Is  not  nitre  cellulose,  &a  specif  io.l  in  claim  h, 
but  "celluloid" .  which  is  a  mixture  of  nitro  colluiouc  and 
camphor. 

Considering  the  othor  patents  of  record,  nono 
of  these  patents  discloees  a  wax  record  having  vortical 
sound  undulations  on  tho  surface  thoreof  und  coated  with 
a  thin  organic  film  bearing  a  replica  of  the  rooord 
underneath.  As  stotod  in  the  romarku  accompanying  tho 
last  amendment  .Berliner.  makoa  no  reference  to  the  particulcr 
typo  of  varnish  applied  to  the  record,  nor  dooa  he  use  a 
base  of  wax,  and  Adains-Kuridiill  employs  a  motallio  varnish, 
a  material  which  would  produce  a  rough  surface  unsuitod 
for  efficient  reproduction,  i'urthermoro ,  both  Admna- 
Iiundall  and  Berliner  disclose  rocords  having  lateral 
undulations,  whereas  the  claims  specify  "vortical  sound 
undulations".  The  patent  to  Hoyt,  newly  cited  by  tho 
Examiner,  does  not  disclose  a  record  made  of  tho  material 
specified  in  tho  claims  nor  does  it  in  any  -way  indicato 
whether  the  rooord  undulations  aro  vortical  or  lateral. 

In  connection  with  theso  references,  attention  is  again 
directod  to  the  remarks  at  tho  top  of  pego  Z  of  the  last 
amendment. 

With  reference  to  the  Examiner's  statonent  in 
the  last  paragraph  of  the  last  Office  action  ro  the 
Adams-Hundall  disclosure,  it  is  pointed  out  that  Adams- 
Handall  distinctly  states  that  tho  special  rooord  tablet 
described  by  him  is  intended  for  use  with  tho  form  of 
recording  apparatus  disolosed  in  I'ig.  4£5,  v/hioh  apparatus 
produces  latoral  rooord  undulations.  (Bee  lith  and  6th 


Z 


purajj-rii  -,ha ,  pi'Cjo  t3  of  Aflt 


liaiiAall.  ypen-lfiotition  ) 


Ketipotitfullj/  smbmltteil , 
lyOiJA.W.  KDI  i’OII , 

By  xP,  Xkt^est-r, 

hi  a  Attorney. 


Orango,  How  Jerooy, 
Novombor  1912. 


•-23"" 

J.H.V.~Sut,. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON  Deo 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

Care  v.ranlc  T-.  Dyer, 
nrunfifl,  ITevi  Jersey 


D.S.  PATENT  OFFICE, 

DEC  9  1912 

MAILED. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 
#457, ,592,  filed  Oot.  14,1000,  for  Phonograph  Accords  , 


This  aei’ion  is  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  ?Tov.  16, 

1912  . 

Applicant  la  holievod  to  he  correct  in  his  contention 
that,  the  disclosure  in  Adam  o-P  and  all  referred  to  of  record,  is 
in  relation  to  a  laterally  cut  groove.  But  for  rousons  of 
record  ,it  is  held  patent  ably  immaterial  towhioh  type  of 
record  groove  the  coating  is  applied. 

Both  claims  are  roj noted  upon  the  references  and  for  the 
reasons  of  record  . 

Applicant's  attention  is  directed  to  the  decisions  on 
appeal  to  the  Board  of  Examiner 1  o-in-Chiof  in  applicant's 
prior  applications  serial  numbers  421,804,  421,806  and  421,88?, 
as  further  explanatory  of  the  grounds  of  rejection. 

As  a  clear  issue  seems  to  have  been  reached  between  appll- 
_cant__ and  ..this  office-thc  prosecuting  nf  ...thin  mine  Is  nlnned  In 
accordance  with  the  ruling  in  ox  parte  Killer,  159,  O.tt.,730. ' 


Folio  No.. 


430.: 


Applicant. 


Serial  No..^L^.......... 


Address. 


Title.. 


Filed  ...fc&Zt 


Examiner’s  Room  No.  . . 


Ass’g’t  ExecA^J^/£J.6.Recorded:..J)^^ . f£D_ 

Patent  No . £f..6,.A7Jl.  Issued^^^...^..Z~.T..C 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY.  /  (  ' 

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FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY. 


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Hon.  Commissioner  of  Patents, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Sir:- 

Enclosed  please  find  check  for  fifteen  dollars, 
($15.00)  filing  fee,  together  with  specification  in  the 
application  of  Thomas  A.  Edison,  WATER  PROOFING  MATERIAL 
FOR  CONCRETE. 

Yours  very  truly, 


jmc/mh 


General  Counsel, 


Jetttton. 


®o  tfje  Commissioner  of  patents: 


jc~-  n 
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<suUis{r^> 


j’tC, 


£our  Petitioner  thohas  a.  Edison 
a  citijen  of  tfje  ©niteb  States,  resibing  anb  ijabing  a  Post  CDfficc  abbress  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  West  Orange,  Oounty  of  Essex  and  State  of  Hew 
Jersey. 


praps  tfjat  letters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  Ijim  for  tfje  improvements  in 

V/ATEHPUOOPIHG  EATj'KIAL  ?OR  COHO  RE  TE 


Set  fortfj  in  tfje  annexeb  specification;  anb  fje  fjerebp  appoints  jfranfe  H.  ©per 
(Registration  Mo.  560),  of  ©range,  jSeU)  Jersep,  bis  attornep,  toitij  full 
potoer  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  tips  application,  to  make 
alterations  anb  amenbments  therein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tfje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjerebu'tlj. 


SPECIFICATION 


TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  KAY  CONCERN: 

KB  IT  KNOWN  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a  citizen  of 
the  United  StateB,  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn  Park,  WoBt 
Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  have 
invented  a  certain  new  and  useful  improvement  in  WATERPROOF¬ 
ING  MATERIAL  FOR  CONCRETE,  of  which  the  following  is  a 
description: 

|  j  ^ie  object  of  this  invention  is  to  produce  a  trans¬ 

parent  flexible  material  for  waterproofing  concrete,  Portland 
oement  and  similar  substances. 

The  invention  is  carried  out  by  dissolving  pure 
Boearate  of  alumina  in  hot  petroleum  benzine  or  other  suit- 
able  solvent,  and  coating  the  concrete  or  other  structure  to 
be  waterproofed  therewith?/  The  solvent  used  evaporates, 
leaving  a  thin  transparent  film  of'  stearate  of  alumina  on 

I  the  surface  of  the  concrete,  ana  also  on  the  surfaces  of 
the  pores  of  the  structure  for  a  considerable  distance  inwarej 
f  1  om  the  Burface.  This  film  so  formed  has  a  negative  cap- 
,  illarity.j;  and  prevents  the  penetration  of  the  substances 
by  water.  The  film  also  is  permanent,  not  being  affected 
by  oxygen  or  other  gases  in  the  atmosphere.  It  does  not 
tend  to  disintegrate  the  oonorete  surfaces,  and  being  trans¬ 
parent,  furthermore,  it  preserves  the  natural  color  of  the 
concrete.  Stearate  of  alumina,  when  dissolved  isbenzine, 
as  described,  is  a  very  oolloidal  substance,  and  the  cover-  ' 
ing  power  of  even  a  small  quantity  is,enormous. 

The  minimum  quantity  of  the  ^stearate  of  alumina 
juBed  is  two  ounces  to  one  gallon  of  petroleum  benzine.  The 
(1) 


amount  of  stearate  of  alumina  may  be  increased,  but  if  the 
solution  becomes  very  viBcous,  a  snail  quantity  of  turpentine 
or  acetate  of  amyl  may  be  added  to  increase  the  solvent 
power  of  the  benzine  for  the  stearate  of  alumina,  whereby  ^ 
a  greater  quantity  of  the  latter  may  be  held  in  solution,  j 
Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  claim  and 
desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent  of  the  United  States 
is  as  follows t 


| -petroleum-  -benz i-ne-for-  the— s-tearate -of— alumina,  sub st ant i ally 
as  described*. 


1.  As  a  -netfvarticlo  of  manufacture,  a  waterproofing 
material  comprising "stearate  of  alumina  and  a  suitable 
solvent,  substantially  asXdescribed. 

2.  As  anew  artiole  of  manufacture,  a  waterproofing 
material  comprising^- stearate  of  alumina  and  petroleum 
benzine,  substantially  as  described. 


a  -tveWar-t-iole-off-mt 


/  .. 


material^  comprising  stearate  of  alumina,  petroleum  benzine 


Io.rvfiiior4a8-ing-  the-so  lv-ent- 


-power-of--the 


4.  As  a  new-  article  of  manufacture,  a  material  for 
waterproofing  conorete,  etoV^compri sing  stearate  of  alumina, 
substantially  as  described. 

4r.  The  method  of  making  a  waterproofing  material 
which  consists  in  dissolving  3tearate  of\lumina  in  hot 
petroleum  benzine",  substantially  as  dascribeclv 

b.  The  method  of  making  a  waterproofing  material 
whioh  consists  in  dissolving  ^teara^  of  alumina  ip  hot 
petroleum  benzine  and  adding  a  -e«b«4a»ae-^^^^iKPeasing— the. 


(2) 


jj^^mtna,  - substantially  as  described, 

||  The  proceBB  of  waterproofing  concrete  which 

consists  in  applying  a  thin  transparent  film  ofV 'stearate  of 
j  alumina  to  the  BurfaoeB  of  the  pores  of  the  concrete  for  a 
|  considerable  distance  inward  from  the  surfaces  of  the 
jj  concrete,  substantially  as  described. 

A-'..  •••  '  •  -  ' 


©atb. 

g>tate  of  i^eto  3ferSep  ) 

Count?  of  (Essex  j 

thojms  a.  Edison  ,  tfjc  abobe  narneb 
petitioner,  being  bulp  Stoorn,  bcposcs  anb  gaps;  tfjat  Ije  is  a  citizen  of  tfje  ©niteb 
States,  anb  a  vesibcnt  of  Llewellyn  Park,  West  Orange,  County  of  Essex, 
State  of  New  Jersey 

tfjat  fje  berilp  beliebeS  fjimself  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbements  in 

WATERPROOFING  MATERIAL  FOR  CONCRETE 

beScribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tfje  annexeb  Specification;  tfjat  fje  boes  not  fmoto  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  tfjat  tfje  same  toas  eber  fenobm  or  useb  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscoberp  tfjereof ;  or  patenteb  or  beScribeb  in  an?  printeb  publication  in  tfje 
Uniteb  States  of  America  or  an?  foreign  countrp  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscober?  tfjereof,  or  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  patenteb 
in  an?  countrp  foreign  to  tfje  Uniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  tfjan 
ttoelbe  montfjs  prior  to  tfjis  application ;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  tfje 
IHniteb  States  for  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application ;  anb  tfjat  no 
application  for  patent  upon  saib  inbention  fjas  been  fileb  bp  fjim  or  {jig  legal 


Jlotarp  public. 


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Ill  Tins  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

ThomaB  A.  Edison  ) 

) 

WATERPROOFING  MATERIAL  ) 

FOR  CONCRETE  ) 

) 

Filed  November  2?,  1908  ) 

) 

Serial  No.  465,94?  ) 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS: 

SIR: 

The  applicant  desires  to  add  the 
following  as  a  preliminary  amendment  to  the  above  entitled 
case: 

The  applicant  finds  that  through  inadvertence  it 
was  not  stated  that  the  acid  stearate  is  the  salt  with  which 
the  best  results  are  attained.  Applicant  therefore  desires 
to  claim  the  use  of  the  stearate  of  alumina  generically, 
and  the  acid  stearate  of  alumina  specifically. 

Please  amend  as  follows: 

Page  1  of  the  Specification,  line  13,  after  "there¬ 
with."  insert  -  The  best  results  are  attained  by  the  use 
of  the  acid  stearate  of  alumina,  and  I  use  the  acid 
stearate  in  preference  to  the  normal  -  .  Same  page, 
fifth  lino  from  the  bottom,  change  "is"  before  "benzine" 
to  -  in  -  . 

Please  add  the  following  claims: 

-  8.  As  a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  waterproofing 

material  comprising  acid  stearate  of  alumina  and  a  suitable 
solvent,  substantially  as  described. 

9,  As  a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  waterproofing 


(1) 


material  comprising  acid  stearate  of  alumina  and  petroleum 
benzikie,  substantially  as  described. 

10.  As  a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  waterproofing) 
material  comprising  acid  stearate  of  alumina,  petroleum 
benzine  and  a  subBtance  for  increasing  the  solvent  power 

of  the  petroleum  benzine  for  the  acid  stearate  of  alumina, 
substantially,  as  described. 

11.  As  'a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  material  for 
waterproofing  concrete,  etc.  comprising  acid  stearate  of 
alumina,  substantially  as  described. 

12.  The  method  of  making  a  waterproofing  material 
which  consists  in  dissolving  acid  stearate  of  alumina  in 
hot  petroleum  benzine,  ^substantially  as  described. 

13.  The  method  of  -.making  a  waterproof ing  material 
which  consists  in  dissolving  acid  stearate  of  alumina  in 
hot  petroleum  benzine  and  adciing  a  substance  for  increasing 
the  solvent  power  of  the  petroleum  benzine  for  the  acid 
stearate  of  alumina,  substantially  aB  described. 

14.  The  process  of  waterproofing  concrete  which 

consists  in  applying  a  thin  transparent  film  of  acid 

\ 

stearate  of  alumina  to  the  surfaces  t^f  the  poreB  of  the 
oonorete  for  a  considerable  distance  inward  from  the  sur¬ 
faces  of  the  concrete,  substantially  as\describod. 

15.  As  a  now  article 'of  manufactures,  a  waterproof¬ 
ing  material  comprising  an  ackd  salt  of  alumina  and  a 
suitable  solvent,  substantially  as  describec\- 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 
Orange,  New  Jersey  By 

,  1908 


December 


His  Attorney 


DIv.31- —  Room.„„169 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

.'WASHINGTON,  0.  C 

Thoms  A.  Edison* 

O/o  3runk  I>.  byar , 

Orange.,  31.  .T. 


in  charge,  of  your  application, 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  E 

Mo.  463,943,  Waterproofing  Material  for  Conorote,  filei 
Woverabor  ,23,  1900. 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


,  also  claims  8-10,  should  be 
lew  natter  not  contained  in 


filter  in 


The  amendment  of  Duoetuber  3, 
cancelled,  because  constituting  i 
the  original  specification.  , 

Clains  1-4  should  be  drawn  to  a  composition  of  i 
place  of  a  new  article  of  manufacture. 

Olivine  8  wild  C  are  rejected  because  describing  one  of  the 
ingredients  by  its  function., 

Ola  in  'I  is  rejected  aft  non-paten  table  being  drawn  to  the 
obvious  use  of  the  composition.  If  it  were  a  proper  process 
claim  of  waterproofing,  division  would  be  required  between  it 
and  the  other  claims. 

There  ttjip ears  to  be  nothing  patentable  in  the  ease  over 
Wharton  ^Bri  tilth)  16,829  of. .1901  (134-13)  and  claims  1,  2,  4 
and  5  are  roj acted  thereon.... 

Claims  8-10  are  rejected  as  being  based  on  new  matter. 
Attention  1b  alinr'directed  to 

Mitchell, t/3^', 813,|  Ootobor  6,  1880, 

Bastot,  l/3oy041r  April  12,  1887, 

Thornton  faxix!. ,  604,688,  July  31,  1900, 

(134-11 

Turner  (BritiahJ^f^WlTof  1898  (134-26 )  t  (A~ 

Mol  lines  ( Brlti  Bhr"259  of  1006  (134-26).  J  #.-£■ 


Ill  THE  TOUTED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 

WATERPROOFING  MATERIAL  POR 
CONCRETE 

Piled  November  23,  1908 
Serial  No.  463,94-5 


Room  No.  169 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 
SIR: 


In  response  to  rejection  of  December 
15,  1908,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows: 

v'  Page  1  of  the  specification,  cancel  the  amend¬ 
ment  after  "therewith"  lind  13>  made  December  3»  1908. 
v'  Cancel  Claims  1,  2,  4,  5,  8  to  15  inclusive. 

1/  Claim  3,  line  1,  Substitute  -  A3  a  composition  of 
matter  -  for  "As  a  new  article  of  manufacture".  t/  Lines 
3  and  4,  cancel  "substance  for  increasing  the  solvent 
power  of  the  petroleum  benzine  for  the  stearate  of  alum¬ 
ina"  and  substitute  -  thinning  agent  -  .  Renumber  this 
claim  as  1. 

v  Claim  6,  lines  3,4  and  5,  cancel  "substance 
for  increasing  the  solvent  power  of  the  petroleum  benzine 
for  the  stearate  of  alumina",  and  substitute  -  thinning 
agent  -  .  ^Renumber  this  claim  as  2  and  renumber  Claim  7 
as  5. 


(1) 


REMARKS 

|  Reconsideration  find  allowance  of  the  claims  as 

amended  are  respectfully  requested.  The  Examiner's  ob- 
|  jection  of  new  matter  as  to  certain  claims  has  hoen  met 
by  cancelling  the  came,  and  various  other  claims  rejected 
have  also  been  cancelled.  Claim  1,  drawn  to  a  new  com¬ 
position  of  mattor,  and  Claim  2,  drawn  to  a  method  for 
making  the  seme,  are  not  met  in  the  references.  No 
reference  discloses  th9  ingredient  of  a  thinning  agent  in 
combination  with  the  other  ingredients,  nor  the  method  of 
making  a  waterproofing  material  in  y/hich  stearate  of 
alumina  is  dissolved  in  hot  benzine  and  the  thinning 
agent  for  the  composition  added.  The  term  “thinning 
agent"  is  thought  to  he  a  generic  term  describing  an 
ingredient  of  the  kind  disclosed  in  the  specif ioation 
and  having  the  property  of  thinning  the  composition  or 
increasing  the  solvent  power  of  the  benzine  for  the 
stearate  of  alumina.  This  is  a  perfectly  proper  way  to 
claim  an  Ingredient,  just  as  it  is  proper  to  claim  broadly 
means  for  performing  a  certain  function  in  a  claim  for  • 
a  mechanism. 

Claim  5,  previously  7  1b  also  thought  to  be 
patentable.  None  of  the  references  disclose  a  process 
for  waterproofing  concrete.  It  ie  thought  not  to  be 
obvious  that  the  process  of  waterproofing  textile  materials 
and  the  like  described  in  some  of  the  references  would  be 
equally  applicable  to  concrete.  The  situation  1b  en¬ 
tirely  different,  and  applicant  has  discovered,  that  the 
composition  invented  by  him  may  be  applied  to  concrete 


(2) 


in  such  manner  that,  the  solvent  evaporating,  a  thin 
transparent  film  of  the  stearate  of  alumina  is  left,  not 
only  on  the  surface  of  tho  concrete,  hut  also  penetrating 
the  pores  of  the  structure  for  a  considerable  distance  in¬ 
ward  from  the  surface,  this  film  so  formed  having  a 
negative  capillarity,  and  thereby  preventing  the  pene¬ 
tration  of  the  substance  by  water.  It  would  likewise 
seem  that  that  is  an  integral  invention  with  that  claimed 
in  the  other  claims,  and  division  should  not  be  required. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

stomas  a.edisoh 
b yJtzLzigzdt 

Attorney^ 


Attorney^ 


Orange,  XT,  J. 
December  15th,  1909, 


AS 


Paper  No _ 4 _ 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

Thomas  A.  Edison,  Washington,  d.  c„  b,  1910. 

c/o  Frank  L.  Dyer,  a 

o 

Orange,  N.  J. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXABIHER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


for  WATERPROOFING  WATER  I  AIi  FOR  CONCRETE, 
#48  3,943. 


This  oase  considered  as  amended  Deo.  14,  1909. 

The  claims  are  rejeotpt(  on  the  reference,  Wharton,  of  re¬ 

cord,  aigp 


Dowrey,  #89,055,  Apr.  20,  186  9  (134  -  .39) 
which  shows  the  precipitation  of  an  alum  soap  vhioh  is  either  otoar- 
ato  oleate  or  pulmitate  of  aluminum,  and  the  solution  of  thia  in 
different  solvents  or  a  mixture  of  them  which  inoludea  the  appli¬ 
cant's  solvents  for  the  same  use  as  the  applicant ' 3  composition. 

The  heating  to  produoe  solution  is  obvious  and  Immaterial  - 


A-X, 

V 

V 


IK  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE, 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON, 

YTATERPROOFING  MATERIAL 
FOB  CONCRETE. 

Filed  November  33,  1908. 
Serial  No.  463,943, 


) 

) 

) 

) 

) 


Room  No.  169. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 
s  I  R: 

In  response  to  the  Office  action  of 
January  8,  1910,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows: 

Cancel  claim  3. 

Add  the  following  claims: 

|l  3.,,  ,  A  composition  of  matter  for  waterproofing, 

consisting  of;  stearate  of  alumina  dissolved  in  petroleum 
benzine  and  turpentine,  substantially  as  described. 

4.  The  method  of  making  a  waterproofing  material 
which  consists  in  dissolving  stearate  of  alumina  in 
hot  petroleum  benzine  and  adding  turpentine,  substantially 
as  described. 

'  '  : 

REMARKS. 

Reconsideration  of  claims  1  and  2  is  requested. 
These  claims  together  v/ith  new  claims  3  and  4,  are  believed 
to  bo  patentable  because  none  of  the  references  show  a 
oompoBition  of  matter  made  up  of  the  three  substances, 
namely,  stearate  of  alumina,  petroleum  benzine,  and 
turpentine,  or  other  thinning  agent;  none  of  the  references 

"l" 


ahov/  a  method  of  making  a  waterproofing  material  by 
dissolving  Btearate  of  alumina  in  hot  petroleum  benzine 
and  adding  turpentine,  or  other  thinning  agent.  By  the  UBe 
of  both  petroleum  benzine  and  turpentine,  applicant  secures 
the  combined  advantage  of  a  cheap  material  such  as  benzine,, 
and  a  material  of  great  solvent  capacity,  such  as  turpentine 
in  making  a  v/aterproofing  material. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  case  as 
amended  is  requested. 


Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMS  A.  EDIS01T 

His  Attorney. 


Orange,  Hew  Jersey, 
December  ^4  1910. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  'Edison,  Washington  Tan.  17,  1911. 


c/o  Prank  I.  'Dyer, 

Orange,  N.  P. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application . 


for  WATERPROOFING  MATERIAL  FOR  "ONCRETE,  filed  Not.  23,  1908, 


#403,943. 


This  oase  considered  as  amended  Deo.  20,  1910. 

Lowrey  shows  both  benzine  and  turpentine  as  solvents.  Tha 
use  of  boti  would  be  obvious  and  unpatentable. 

The  claims  are  rejeoted. 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES.  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 

WATERPROOFING  MATERIA!  ... 
FOR  CONCRETE 

Filed  November  23,  1908 
Serial  No.  463,943 


) 

V: 

) 

) 


Room  No.  169. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS , 

SIR: 

;,In  response  to  the  Offioe  aotion  of 
January  17,  1911,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  appli¬ 
cation  as  follows 

Rewrite  Claim  1  As  follows: - 

1.  As  a  new  composition  of  matter,  a  waterproofing 
material  comprising substantially  pure  stearate  of  alumina, 
petroleum  benzine,  and  a  thinning  agent,  substantially,  as 
described. 

Claim  3,  line  2.,  before  "stearate"  insert  - 
substantially  pure  -  . 

Add  the  following  claims :- 

5.  The  method f of  making  a  waterproofing  material, 
which  oonsists  in  dissolving,  substantially  pure  stearate 

of  alumina  in  hot  petroleum  berizine,  and  adding  a  thinning 
agent,  substantially  as  described. 

6.  The  method  of  making  a  waterproofing  material, 
whioh  oonsists  in  dissolving  substantially  pure  stearate 
of  alumina  in  hot  petroleum  benzine,  and  adding  turpentine, 
substantially  as  described. 

fl) 


REMARKS 


In  the  Lowrey  patent  there  is  no  disclosure  of 
the  use  of  substantially  pure. stearate  of  alumina,  as  is 
set  forth  in  Claims .1,  3,  .5  and  6,  or  that  step  of  the 
prooess  whioh  oonBistB  in  dissolving  stearate'  of  alumina 
!  in  hot  petroleum  benzine  and  adding  a  thinning  agent,  as 
1b  set  forth  in  Claims  S,  4,;  5  and  6.  The  disolosure  of 
the  Lowrey  patent  is  very  indefinite,  because  the  ingredi¬ 
ents  used  are  not  eet  forth  with  sufficient  definiteness, 
lowrey  proposed  to-.dissolve  soap  in  water  and  then  add  any 
one  of  a  number  of  substanoes  possessing  a  saline  quality,  • 
such  as  any  alums,  sulphates  or  aoetates,  either  alone  or 
in  combination  with  any  ohlorides.  There  are,  of  oourse, 
many  different  Trinds.  of  soaps,  and  there  is  no  evidence 
that  the  soap  used; by  lowrey  contained  a  stearate.  lowrey 
|  considered  it  to  be  'immaterial  whioh  of  the  many  salts 
mentioned  he  used.  (Applioant  .has  discovered  that  the 
hast  results  for  the  purpose  dasoribed  are  obtained  by  tho 
use  of  a  substantially  pure  stearate  of  alumina .  Further¬ 
more,  a  satisfactory  proflnot  could  not  be  obtained  by  the 
of  the 

uae  of  many/  substances'  included  under  the  general  terms 
used  by  Lowrey  to  denote  the  ingredients  he  proposes  to 
use.  Lowrey' s  patent  does  not  disclose  the  use  of  a; 
substantially  pure' stearate  of  alumina,  and  the  gum  pre¬ 
pared  by  his  prooess  Would  certainly  oontain  other  sub¬ 
stances  . 

It  is  believed  that  Lowrey' s  patent  does  not  con¬ 
stitute  an  anticipation  of  applicant's  invention,  and  that 
the  claims  are  clearly  patentable. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  requested. 

:  Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 


308 


AS 


Paper  No-g. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

o/o  Prank  L.  Byer, 

Orange  ,  N .  J, 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 
WASHINGTON 


Fab.  28,  1912. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your~a pplication. 


for  WATERPROOFING  MATERIAL  FOR 
#463,943. 


CONCRETE,  filed  Nov.  23,  1908, 


This  case  considered  aB  amended  Jan.  15,  1912. 

The  new  claims  6  and  6  are  substantially  identioal  with 
claims  2  and  4,  respectively. 

Where  a  compound  is  designated  by  a  definite  ohemioal  name, 
the  substantially  pure  gcAotjuatinitt  oompound  is  meant. 

Lowry,  of  record,  shows  the  ubb  of  an  aluminum  soap,  which 
must  contain  a  mixture  of  the  stearate,  palmitate  and  oleate  of 
aluminum  and  in  view  of  the  condition  of  the  soap  making  industry  at 
the  time  of  the  issue  of  Lowry's  patent  it  would  be  most  remarkable 
if  the  soap  used  did  not  oontain  stearats.  Furthermore,  the  term 
■soap"  applies  to  a  pure  stearate  soap,  and  hence  the  "gum"  of  Lowry 
may  be  a  pure  stearate  of  aluminum,  as  pointed  out  in  the  office 
letter  of  Jan.  8,  1910. 

The  use  of  a  mixture  of  known  solvents  where  no  new  function, 
exoept  great  cheapness  is  gained,  is  obvious  and  unpatentable. 

Heating  to  hasten  solution  is  also  a  well  known,  obvious 
step  in  the  production  of  solution. 

As  a  clear  issue  appears  to  have  been  reaohed,  and  appli¬ 
cant  has  made  only  immaterial  amendments,  the  previous  notion  is  re¬ 
peated  and  may  be  considered  final,  if  applicant  desires. 


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Assignee. 


Ass’g’ t  Exec . Recorded . Liber. . Page . 


Patent  No. . 


Issued . 


10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 


/?.  /?" 


ACTIONS. 


FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

ORANGE',  NEW  JERSEY. 


Dec.  11,  1908 


Hon.  Commies loner  of  Patents, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Sir: 

Enclosed  please  find  cheek  for  §15.00,  filing  fee,  together 
v/ith  specification  and  one  sheet  of  drawings  in  the  application  of 
Thomas  A.  Edison  entitled  METHOD  OH  TREATING  MOLDS  T'OR  CONCRETE. 
Kindly  acknov/ledge  receipt  and  oblige 

Yours  very  truly, 

General  Counsel. 


JMC/JS 

Enc. 


petition 


®o  tfje  Commissioner  of  patents!: 

|?our  petitioner 

a  citijen  of  tfje  Uniteb  States,  resibing  anti  fjabing  a  Post  ©ffice  abbress  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  West  Orange,  Essex  County,  Hew  Jersey 


praps  tfjat  letters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  fjim  for  tfje  improbements  in 


IffiTHOJ)  OF  TRFATIJIG  HOLDS  FOR  CONCRETE 


Set  fortfj  in  tfje  annexeb  specification ;  anb  fje  fjerebp  appoints  jfranfe  %.  ©per 
(Registration  J2o.  560),  of  ©range,  i2eto  3ferSep,  fjis  attornep,  toitfj  full 
pobier  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  tfjis  application,  to  mabe 
alterations  anb  atnenbments  therein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tfje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjeretmtfj. 


! 


SPECIFICATION 
TO  AIL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a  citizen 
of  the  United  States  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn  Park ,  West 
Orange,  County  of  Essex  and  State  of  New  Jersey,  have  in¬ 
vented  a  certain  new  and  useful  improvement  in  METHOD  OP 
TREATING  MOLDS  POR  CONCRETE,  of  which  the  following  is 
a  description: 


This  invention  relates  to  methods  of  molding  delicate 
objects  and  especially  to  molding  artistic  relief  work  in 
concrete.  The  object  of  the  invention  is  to  produce  a 
method  by  which  artistic  relief  work  in  ordinary  concrete 
may  be  easily  molded  with  the  surface  and  outlines  as 
sharp  and  perfect  as  in  the  original,  and  furthermore,  to 
produce  a  mold  by  which  suoh  a  process  may  be  carried  out. 

It  will  be  understood  that  my  invention  may  be  useful  in 
connection  with  the  molding  of  other  materials  than  concrete 
and  for  molding  other  objects  than  relief  work,  but  I  have 
conceived  the  invention  with  special  reference  to  such 
work,  and  especially  for  the  molding  of  artistic  relief 
work  in  concrete  for  residences. 

Reference  1b  hereby  made  to  the  accompanying  drawing, 
forming  part  of  this  specification,  in  which  - 

Pigure  1  illustrates  a  cast  iron  surface  as  it  would 
appear  under  the  microscope,  defects  being  exaggerated  for 
purposes  of  explanation,  and 

Pigure  2  shows  a  similar  surface  which  has  been 
treated  as  is  contemplated  in  my  invention. 

The  invention  consists  in  obtaining  an  iron  casting 
from  the  original  by  methodB  ordinarily  employed  in  iron 

S  (i) 


foundries,  removing  the  sand  and  other  dirt  therefrom,  and 
then  coating  the  surfaces  of  the  iron  casting  against  which 
the  concrete  is  later  to  he  poured,  with  a  paint  or  varniBh 
of  great  viscosity,  and  of  such  a  thickness  aB  to  completely 
fill  any  undercuts  in  the  surface  of  the  casting. 

When  a  piece  of  caBt  iron  is  cleaned  and  even  pol¬ 
ished,  the  surface,  when  examined  under  a  microscope,  shows 
numerous  cavities,  many  of  which  penetrate  the  surface  of 
the  iron  obliquely,  as  indicated  at  ^1  in  Figure  1,  and  even 
marks  loft  hy  the  tools  of  the  workmen  leave  furrows  in  the 
casting,  the  sides  of  which  are  in  many  instances  oblique 
to  the  surface.  When  concrete  is  poured  against  Buch  a 
surface,  the  cement  colloid  runs  into  the  holes  and  furrowB, 
and  after  settling,  locks  the  concrete  to  the  mold,  and 
!  upon  the  removal  of  the  mold,  the  perfection  of  the  sur¬ 
face  of  the  concrote  is  marred  because  of  the  clinched 
portions  of  the  concrete  being  mechanically  locked  to  the 
face  of  the  mold. 

As  contemplated  hy  ray  invention,  a  very  viscous 
paint  ouch  as  white  lead  paint,  sometimes  called  enamel 
paint,  or  other  viscous  paint  or  varnish,  nay  he  coated 
over  the  surface,  or  preferably,  Japan  varnish  iB  coated 
over  the  surface  and  baked.  After  this  treatment,  all  the 
undercuts  are  filled  with  the  coating  so  that  there  are  no 
oblique  channels  which  the  colloidal  portion  of  the  cement 
can  penetrate.  Whatever  slight  depressions  may  be  left  in 
tiie  surface  of  the  paint  or  varnish  are  perpendicular  to  the 
surface.  Reference  character  2  indicates  suohV  depression 
in  the  coating  of  paint  or  varnish  £  in  Figure  2  of  the 
drawings . 

By  this  treatment,  two  objects  are  attained,  namely, 
clinching  of  the  concrete  or  other  molten  material  to  the 
mold  is  prevented,  and  secondly,  the  surface  of  the  finished 


(2) 


concrete  or  casting  is  improved,  Bince  the  .Tapan  varniBh 
or  paint  itself  produces  a  very  smooth  polished  surface 
on  the  iron  mould,  impossible  to  obtain  from  the  iron 
casting  alone. 

if  heavy  body  lead  paint  or  enamel  paint  is  used, 
there  is  a  greater  liability  of  injury  from  handling  to 
the  molds  than  if  the  molds  are  varnished  and  japanned. 
Hence,  it  is  preferable  to  have  the  surface  japanned  in 
the  ordinary  manner  by  baking.  .Tapanned  surfaces  are  very 
flexible,  even  when  new,  and  will  stand  poining  with  a 
hammer  without  injury. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  i  claim  and 
desire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent  of  the  United  States 
is  as  follows: 

1.  The  nothod  of  molding  relief  work  in  concrete 
consisting  in  obtaining  an  iron  casting,  cleaning  the  same, 
and  coating  the  Buno  with  a  flexible  varnish  of  such  a 
viscosity  that  all  undercuts  in  the  surface  of  the  casting 
will  he  closed  thereby,  and  pouring  concrete  against  the 
coated  surfaces  of  the  casting  as  a  mold,  substantially 

as  described. 

2.  The  method  of  preparing  a  oaBt  iron  mold  con¬ 
sisting  in  applying  a  coating  of  a  drying  material  of  such 
a  viscosity  that  all  undercuts  in  the  surfaces  of  the  mold 
will  he  closed  thereby,  substantially  aB  described. 

5,  The  method  of  preparing  a  caBt  iron  mold,  con¬ 
sisting  in  applying  a  coating  of  a  drying  material  of  such 
a  viscosity  that  all  undercuts  in  the  surfaces  of  the  mold 
will  be  closed  thereby,  and  baking  the  same,  substantially 
as  described. 


(3) 


4.  A  mold  for  artistic  relief  work  in  concrete 


consisting  of  an  iron  casting  having  the  on 
which  the  concrete  is  to  he  poured,  coated 
of  ouch  viscosity  that  all  undercutB  in  the 
thereby,  and  japanned,  substantially  ao  deo 


rfacee  against 
v/ith  a  material 
mold  are  do  Bed 
cribod. 


©atb. 


g>tate  of  JJeto  JTcrjSep  ] 

County  of  Cssex  j 

thomas  a.  ed: son  ,  tfjc  abobe  narneb 
petitioner,  being  buly  stoorn,  bepoSeS  anb  Says  tfjat  fje  is  a  citizen  of  tfje  Uniteb 
States,  ailb  a  cesiibent  Of  Llewellyn  Park,  Y/est  Orange,  Essex  County, 
New  Jersey 

tfjat  fje  berily  beliebes  fjimSelf  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbements  in 

METHOD  OS'  TREATING  MOLDS  FOR  CONCRETE 

beScribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tlje  attnexeb  specification;  tfjat  fje  boes  not  fmotu  anb 
boes  not  beliebe  tfjat  tfje  same  tuas  eber  bnobm  or  useb  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscobery  tfjereof;  or  patenteb  or  beScribeb  in  any  printeb  publication  in  tfje 

fHniteb  States  of  America  or  any  foreign  country  before  fjis  inbention  or 

biscobery  tfjereof,  or  more  tfjan  too  years  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  patenteb 
in  any  country  foreign  to  tfje  fHniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  tfjan 
ttoelbe  months  prior  to  tljis  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  tfje 

fHniteb  States  for  more  tfjan  too  years  prior  to  tfjis  application;  anb  tfjat  no 

application  for  patent  upon  Saib  inbention  fjas  been  fileb  by  fjim  or  fjis  legal 
representatibes  or  assigns  in  any  foreign  country. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office. 


Thomas  A.  Edison, 

o/o  Prank  1.  Dyer, 

Orange,  New  Jersey. 


WASHINGTON,  O.  C., 


Pab.  9,  1909. 


)’Ua.w  find  htUam  a.  (iumin.unir.aUuH  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  nf  Hour  application, 

for  METHOD  OP  TREATING’  MOLDS  POR  CONCRETE,  filed  Deo.  13,  1908, 
#46  7,156. 


This  oase  haa  been  examined. 
The  olaims  are  rejeoted  upj 


tadji^pa r 

Bartlett,  #848,965,  Apr.  2f . ,  1907  (  25  -  121). 


IN  Tlffl  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison  ) 

METHOD  OF  TREATING  MOLDS  ) 

FOR  CONCRETE  :  Room  No.  508 

Filed  December  12,  1908  : 

Serial  No.  467,156  : 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  February 
9t  19°9,  reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims  in 
this  application  as  they  now  stand  are  respectfully  re¬ 
quested.  The  reference  merely  describes  the  formation 
of  a  mold  of  sheet  metal,  which  is  veneered  or  enamelled 
to  give  it  a  glossy  appearance.  The  patentee  did  not 
contemplate  the  use  of  a  cast  iron  mold  or  mold  of  other 
cast  metal,  and  consequently  did  not  have  applicant's 
problem  to  faoe.  The  claims  of  this  application  are 
limited  to  a  method  of  treating  a  cast  iron  mold  and  to 
a  mold  of  oast  iron  so  treated  as  an  article  of  manu¬ 
facture.  Applicant  prepares  a  cast  iron  mold  in  the 
manner  described  to  prevent  the  concrete  of  whioh  the 
artiole  to  be  molded  is  composed  from  flowing  into  under¬ 
cuts  or  obliquely  directed  crevices  in  the  surfaoe  of  the 
cast  iron  mold  and  thus  locking  the  oonorete  to  the  mold. 
Applicant's  invention  renders  possible  the  molding  of 


(1) 


intricate  relief  work  in  a  oast  iron  mold.  It  cannot  be 
Baid  that  it  would  not  involve  invention  in  view  of  the 
reference  to  enamel  the  face  of  a  cast  iron  mold,  beoause 
the  reference  merely  discloses  the  idea  of  enameling  the 
face  of  a  sheet  metal  mold,  and  sheet  metal,  from  the 
nature  of  its  manufacture,  does  not  present  underoutB 
or  oblique  crevices  in  its  surfaoe.  Hence,  the  patent 
cited  doeB  not  convey  the  necessary  information  to  a 
person  who  might  wish  to  mold  intricate  relief  work  in 
a  oast  iron  mold.  Sinoe  applicant  lias  met  a  new  problem 
in  a  manner  not  suggested  by  the  reference,  it  is  thought 
that  the  claims  contain  patentable  novelty. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

THOMAS  A.  EDISON 

By  n?  • 

His  Attorney 


Orange,  H.  J. 
February  7,  1910. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 

.Thomas  A.  Edison,  Washington,  d.  c..  ?9b.  28,  1910. 

o/o  Erarik  Ii.  Dyer, 

Orange,  N.  J. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  %n-ohargcTof  your  application. 


for  KETHOD  03?  TREATING  MOLDS  3T0R  C< 
#46  7,166. 


fill®  Dee.  12 ,  1908, 


Responsive  to  letter  filed  Eeb.  ?,  1910. 

In  the  referenoe,  cited,  steel  is  coated  to  make  it  smooth. 
That  is  considered  a  sufficient  reference'  for  coating-  cast  iron 
with  the  same  material  and' for  the  same  purpose. 

The  claims  are  finally  rejected  upon  the  reference  of  record 


January  18,  1911, 


Mr.  Dyer: 

1  hand  you  herewith  file  of  Mr.  Edison's  patent 
application,  Serial  No.  467,156,  for  Method  of  Treating 
Moulds  for  Concrete. 

All  of  the  claims  in  the  case,  four  in  number, 
were  finally  rejected  February  28,  1910  on  the  patent  to 
Bartlett,  No.  848,955. 

The  application  relates  to  a  method  of  rendering 
the  surface  of  cast  iron  moulds  smooth,  so  that  artistic 
relief  work  in  concrete  may  be  moulded  with  a  smooth  surface 
and  with  sharp  and  perfect  outlines.  The  surface  of  an 
ordinary  iron  casting  is  rough  and  has  in  it  numerous  cavities, 
some  of  which  penetrate  the  surface  obliquely.  The  under-cut 
cavities  are  particularly  objectionable  because  the  concrete 
after  setting  is  locked  by  them  to  the  mould^and  the  surface 
of  the  moulded  article  is  apt  to  be  marred  when  the  article  is 
removed  from  the  mould.  Mr.  Edison  proposes  to  overcome 
this  difficulty  in  the  following  manner: 

<v-wn- 

"A  viscous  paint  such  as  white  lead  paint,  sometimes 
called  enamel  paint,  or  other  viscous  paint  or  varnish,  may  be 
coated  over  the  surface,  or  preferably  japana*d  varnish  is 
coated  over  the  surface  and  baked." 


Jan.  18,  1911. 


The  patent  to  Bartlett  shows  a  mould  for  making 
bricks  or  other  rectangular  bodies  from  concrete  having  one  or 
more  smooth  or  glossy  faces.  The  mould  is  formed  in  part 
of  sheet  metal  rendered  smooth  or  glossy  in  any  suitable  way, 
as,  for  example,  the  faces  of  the  sheet  metal  may  be  coated  with 
japan  or  other  material  adapted  to  be  cured  by  baking,  or  they 
may  be  provided  with  a  coating  of  fusible  enamel. 

Mr.  Holden,  Mr.  Smith  and  myself  are  of  the  opinion 
that  the  claims  are  met  by  the  patent,  because  the  patent 
discloses  a  method  of  treating  a  metal  mould  that  is  the  same 
as  that  proposed  by  Mr.  Edison  and  is  for  the  same  purpose. 

Will  you  kindly  advise  us  whether  we  shall  take  an 
case? 


appeal  or  drop  the 
Hl/fcGK 


MEMORANDUM 

-lb iU - 

Mr.  Xanahan:  l/l9/ll. 

Replying  to  your  memorandum  of  the  18th  inst. ,  1 
agree  with  you  that  it  would  he  hopeless  to  appeal  the  Edison 
Application  Serial  Ho.  467,156.  The  Edison  invention  relates 
to  the  application  of  a  smooth  coating  to  a  cast  metal  mold, 
while  the  Bartlett  patent  relates  to  the  application  of  such  a 
coating  to  a  sheet  metal  mold.  With  sheet  metal  the  material  is 
rolled  under  heavy  pressure,  and  I  imagine  is  free  from  the 
cavities  which  characterize  the  casting.  If  this  is  so, 
Bartlett's  idea  is  merely  to  give  polish  to  the  surface  of  the 
molded  articles,  while  Edison's  idea  is  to  prevent  the  molded 


Mr .  Xanahan-  2 . 

articles  from  having  their  surfaces  marred  hy  the  cavities  of 
the  mold.  The  distinction,  hov/ever,  is  so  fine  that  I  do  not 
Believe  you  could  ever  succeed  in  convincing  the  Patent  Office 
as  to  its  patentability. 

EID/IY/W  ]?.  1. 

Enc- 


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FRANK  L.  DYER, 

Counsel, 

ORANGE,  NEW  JERSEY. 


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Hon.  Commissioner  of  Patents, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Sir: 

Enclosed  please  find  check  for  #50.00,  filing  fees, 
together  with  specifications  and  two  sheets  of  drawings  in  the  appli¬ 
cations  of  Thomas  A.  Edison,  IMPROVEMENTS  IN  PHONOGRAPHS  and  SOUND 
RECORDS.  ''iolLo 

Kindly  acknowledge  receipt  and  oblige 

Yours  respectfully, 

General  Counsel. 


JMC/JS 

Enc, 


petition. 


®o  tfje  Commissioner  of  patents : 

Dour  petitionee  thomas  a.  Edison 
a  citijen  of  tfje  ®niteb  States!,  resibing  anb  fjabing  a  Post  ©ffice  abbress  at 

Llewellyn  Park,  West  Orange,  County  of  Essex,  state  of  Hew  .Teroey 


praps  tfjat  letters  patent  map  be  granteb  to  Jjim  for  tfje  improbements  in 


IMPROVEMENTS  IN  PHONOGRAPHS 


Set  fortfj  in  tfje  annexeb  specification;  anb  Ije  fjerebp  appoints  Jfranb  TL.  ©per 
(Registration  i?o.  560),  of  ©range,  J?eto  SferSep,  ijis  attornep,  tuitfj  full 
potoer  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  tljis  application,  to  mafee 
alterations  anb  amenbtnents  therein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tfje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjeretoitfj. 


-  SPECIFICATION  - 


TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN,  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a  citizen 
of  the  United  .States  and  a  reaident  of  Llewellyn  Park, 
Orange,  in  the  County  of  Beadle  and  State  of  Her/  Jersey, 
have  made  a  oertain  new  and  useful  improvement  in 
PHONOGRAPHS ,  of  which  the  following  is  a  description: 

My  invention  relates  to  various  improvements 
in  phonograph  recorders  and  reproducers,  my  object  being 
to  provide  a  phonograph  reoorder  adapted  to  form  a  Bound 
record  such  as  is  fully  disclosed  and  olaimed  in  my  appll- 

cation  filed  on  even  date  herewith  and  in  which  the  record 

'I 

groove  is  of  approximately  V-shaped  cross-section  and  so 
relatively  condensed  that  a  much  more  extended  reproduc¬ 
tion  may  be  seoured  from  a  cylinder  of  standard  dimensions 
than  is  now  possible.,  and  also  to  provide  a  phonograph  re¬ 
producer  adapted  to  efficiently  track  the  same. 

As  phonograph  records  have  been  chiefly  made  in 
commercial  praotice  horetofore,  a  circular  edged  reoorder 
having  a  diameter  of  about  .040  inoh  is  engaged  with  a 
rotating  blank,  so  as  to  track  very  slightly  below  the 
surface,  the  surface  speed  of  the  blank  being  upwards  of 
90  feet  per  minute,  and  the  recording  spaces  being  only 
l/lOO  of  an  inch  in  width.  This  produces  the  standard 
record  having  100  threads  per  inoh.  In  my  previous 
application  Serial  No.  350,646,  filed  January  3,  1907, 

I  desoribe  a  sound  reoord  made  with  a  circular  edged 

1. 


reoorder  having  a  diameter  of  about  one  quarter  that  of 
the  recorder  which,  as  previously  described,  is  used  to 
make  the  100  thread  records.  In  the  application  JTo. 

350,646  abovo  referred  to,  the  record  is  made  on  a  record¬ 
ing  machine  having  a  feed  screw  v/hioh  preferably  has  a 
pitoh  of  200  threads  to  the  inoh.  Shis  outs  a  record  to 
a  suitable  depth  in  a  space  l/200  of  an  inoh  wide  instead 
of  l/lOO  of  an  inch,  the  improved  record  no  made  having, 
therefore,  200  threads  to  the  inoh.  In  the  case  of  both 
the  standard  100  thread  record  and  the  improved  200  thread 
reoord  made  with  a  recorder  as  just  described,  the  deepest 
depressions  whioh  oan  be  formed  without  overlapping  upon 
the  adjoining  spaces  are  extremely  shallow,  being  about 
6/10,000  of  an  inch  in  depth.  In  the  case  of  the  100 
thread  record,  the  width  of  the  record  groove  is  about 
sixteen  times  the  maximum  depth,  and  its  walls  are  of  suoh 
slight  curvature  tliat  difficulty  is  experienced  in  tracking 
the  record,  unless  the  reproducer  stylus  iB  mounted  with 
great  flexibility.  In  the  case  of  the  improved  200  thread 
reoord  of  application  Serial  Mo.  350,646,  tho  ratio  of 
width  to  dopth  above  referred  to  is  out  in  half,  becom¬ 
ing  approximately  8  to  1. 

In  endeavoring  to  produoe  a  reoord  having  sub¬ 
stantially  more  than  200  threads  per  inoh,  for  example, 

400  threads  per  inch  with  a  oircular  edged  recording  sty¬ 
lus,  various  difficulties  present  themselves  one  of  whioh  1e 
the  production  of  a  cutter  of  sufficiently  small  size  to 
cut  such  a  narrow  groove  to  a  desirable  depth,  and  further¬ 
more  such  a  groove  oven  when  produced  does  not  make  a 
practical  reoord  because  the  side  walls  are  too  thin  or 
narrow  to  have  the  requisite  strength  needed  in  molding  and 
reproducing. 


2. 


According  to  the  present  invention  1  use  a  cut¬ 
ting  stylus  having  straight  inclined  Bide  edges,  prefer¬ 
ably  slightly  rounded  at  the  bottom  or  point.  1  am  aware 
that  V-Bhaped  cutters  have  been  uBed  heretofore  for  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  record  grooves,  but  the  angle  between  the  cut¬ 
ting  edges,  so  far  as  i  am  aware,  has  not  been  suoh  as  to 
produce  a  desirable  record  groove.  1  have  determined  the 
proper  angle  to  be  used  in  order  to  produce  the  best  re¬ 
sults,  particularly  in  a  groove  having  400  threads  to  the 
inch,  which  angle  should  be  approximately  95  degrees  be¬ 
tween  the  two  cutting  edges  of  the  recorder,  and  the  same 
between  the  sides  of  the  record  groove  or  46-1/2  degrees 
between  one  of  the  cutting  edges  and  the  median  line  of 
the  cutter,  and  the  same  between  one  of  the  sideB  of  the 
groove  and  a  plane  drawn  perpendicular  to  the  record 
surface  parallel  to  the  groove.  When  this  angle  is  UBed, 
the  point  of  the  stylus  is  rounded  on  a  curve  whose  di¬ 
ameter  is  .001  inch  which  is  a  suitable  curve  for  records 
of  suoh  pitch. 

This  angle  may  be  varied  slightly  under  differ¬ 
ing  conditions  while  securing  the  advantages  of  the  inven¬ 
tion,  as  for  instance,  when  the  diameter  of  curvature  of 
the  point  of  the  stylus  is  changed,  but  1  recommend  the 
angle  and  ourvature  above  mentioned  aB  being  those  best 
suited  for  400  thread  records. 

In  a  groove  produced  by  such  a  stylus  and  having 
400  threads  per  inch,  the  ratio  between  the  width  of  the 
groove  and  its  maximum  depth  is  approximately  2.5  to  1. 

Suoh  a  record  groove  has  clearly  defined  Bide  walls  of 
sufficient  strength  to  enable  it  when  molded  to  be  removed 
from  the  mold  without  injury  to  the  Bide  walls  and  to  en- 


(5) 


able  it  to  he  tracked  by  a  reproducer  stylus. 

In  order  that  the  invention  may  be  better  under¬ 
stood,  attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawings, 
forming  part  of  this  specification  and  in  which  - 

Figure  1  is  a  front  elevation,  greatly  enlarged, 
of  my  improved  recording  stylus  in  the  act  of  cutting  a 
record; 

Figure  2  is  a  side  elevation  of  the  same; 

Figures  5  and  4  are  respectively  a  side  elevation 
and  bottom  plan  view  of  the  recording  stylus  mounted  on 
a  diaphragm; 

Figure  5  is  a  side  elevation,  greatly  enlarged, 
of  a  portion  of  my  improved  reproducer  stylus  engaging 
the  record  groove; 

Figure  6  is  an  end  view  of  the  same; 

Figure  7  is  a  side  elevation  of  the  complete 
reproducer,  and 

Figure  8  is  a  bottom  plan  view  showing  the  sty¬ 
lus,  stylus  lever  and  portion  of  the  floating  weight. 

Referring  to  Figures  1  and  2,  the  recording 
stylus  1,  which  may  be  of  sapphire  or  other  suitable 
material,  is  a  cylinder  whose  axis  is  normal  to  the  record 
surface  and  whose  lower  end  is  formed  as  a  cone  2,  the 
apex  of  which  is  rounded  on  a  spherical  curve  j?  whose 
diameter  may  be  .001  inch. 

The  outting  edges  4  are  formed  by  removing  ma¬ 
terial  from  the  cone  2  on  a  ourve  extending  beyond  or  to 
the  rear  of  the  axis  of  said  cone,  as  shown  in  Figure  2, 

The  lines  forming  Baid  edges  are  substantially  straight 
lines  and  they  are  inclined  toward  each  other  at  an  angle 


(4) 


of  approximately  93  degreos,  that  is,  each  cutting  edge 
formB  an  angle  of  46-1/2  degrees  with  tho  axis  of  the 
recorder.  Such  a  recorder  will  form  the  record  groove 
of  Figure  1,  having  side  walla  £,  which  are  inclined  toward 
the  vertical  at  an  angle  of  approximately  46-1/2  dogrees, 
and  the  bottom  of  which  is  rounded  on  a  circlo  who Be 
diameter  ia  .001  inch. 

The  atylua  1  may  be  mounted  in  a  socket  6 
formed  integral  v/ith  the  holdor  J.  which  is  cemented  to 
tho  diaphragm  8,  the  latter  being  mounted  in  any  approved 
manner  aa  iB  well  known  in  this  art. 

A  suitable  reproducer  stylus  for  tracking,  the 
record  groove  £  ia  shown  in  Figure  5«  It  is  of  sapphire 
or  other  suitable  material  and  comprises  a  shank  £,  neck 
10  and  head  11,  all  circular  in  transverse  section.  The 
head  11  is  formed  with  a  bearing  surfaco  having  conical 
walls  12  inclined  toward  each  other  at  an  angle  of  ap¬ 
proximately  93  degrees,  or  an  angle  of  46-1/2  degreeB  to 
the  perpendicular,  and  rounded  at  the  plane  of  inter¬ 
section  on  a  curve  or  circle  whose  diameter  may  be  .001 
inch. 

Thi3  styluB  is  secured  in  a  socket  formed  in 
one  end  of  tho  Btylus  lever  1£,  the  shank  of  the  styluB 
extending  transversely  to  the  record  groove.  The  styluB 
lever  is  pivoted  at  14  to  the  lugs  1£  depending  from  the 
floating  weight  16  v/hioh  is  universally  pivoted  to  the 
body  1 2,  in  tho  usual  manner,  the  usual  link  18  connect¬ 
ing  the  other  end  of  tho  stylus  lever  with  the  diaphragm. 

Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  1  claim 
and  deBire  to  secure  by  Letters  Patent  is  as  follows: 


(5) 


.*■  v, 

(o 

\.  As  a  new)article  of  manufacture,  a  phono¬ 
graph  recording  Btyluulhaving ^cutting  edges  which  are 
substantially  straight  lines  inclined  toward  the  perpen¬ 
dicular  bi-aectorvo'f  the  record  groove  at  an  angle  of 
approximately"  46- xfc.  degrees,  substantially  as  described. 

2.  A  phonograph  recording  stylus  whose  cutting 


edges  are  substantially  straight  lines  inclined  toward 
the  perpendicular  bi-sector  of  the  record  groove  at  an 
angle  of  approximately  46-1/2  degrees  and  rounded  at 
their  point  of  intersection^,  substantially  as  described. 

5.  A  phonograph  recording  stylus  whose  cutting 
edges  are  substantially  straight  linos  formed  on  a  cone, 
the  material  of  said  cone  being  removed  beyond  its  axis, 
substantially  as  described. 

4.  A  phonograph  recording  stylu^v  having  a  conoid}- 
al  end,  a  portion  of  the  cone  being  removed  at  the  front  of 
the  stylus  to  form  outting  edges,  said  reoeBS  extending 
beyond  the  axis  of  the  oone,  substantially  as  described. 

A  phonograph  reproducer  stylus  who Be  bearing 


N(j.  A  phonograph  reproducer  BtyluB  whose  bearing 
surface  is  V-sliaped  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the  record 
groove  and  circular  in  a  plane  parallel  to  the  record 
groove,  substantially  aB  described. 

I  .  A  phonograph  reproducer  Btylus  /whose  bearing 
surfaoe  is  V-Bhaped.  with  a  rounded  apex  in  a  plane  trans¬ 
verse  to  the  record  groove  and  curved  in  a  plane  parallel 
(6) 


to  the  record  groove,  substantially  as  described. 

ri  ' 

$.  A  phonograph  reproducer  stylus  whose  bearing 

surface  is  V-shaped  with  a  rounded  apex  in  a  plane  trans- 

\ 

verse  to  the  reoord  groove  and  circular  in  a  plane  par¬ 
allel  to  the  record  groove,  substantially  as  described. 

'  _  \ 

$9.  X  phonograph  reproducer  stylus  who no  bearing 
surface  is  ^-shaped  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the  reoord 
groove  and  curved  in  a  piano  parallel  to  the  record 
groove,  the  extent  of  bearing  surface  of  the  stylus  in 
the  latter  plaice  being  materially  greater,, than  in  the 
former  plane,  substantially  as  described. 

\ 


A  phonograph  reproducer  stylus  whose  bearing 
pea.  i 


1  m. 

surface  is  V-shaped  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the  record 
groove  and  circular  'in  a  plane  parallel  to  the  reoord 
groove,  the  extent  of. bearing  surface  of  the  stylus  in 

-J  \ 

the  latter  plane  being\ materially  greater^  than  in  the 
former,  plane,  substantially  as  described. 

aL;.^  (,-■!  'U/> 

y  In  a  phonograph  reproducer,  a  stylus  lever, 

menns  for  supporting  the  said  lever  parallel  to  the 
reoord  groovfe,  a  stylus  carried  by  said  lever  with  the 
shank  thereof 'extending  transversely  to  the,,'leve/,  the 
.  said  stylus  hard 


i  head  curved  in  a  plane  parallel  to  i ,  r. 

.  ,  o.  '****'£& 

the  record  groove  andi  V-shaped  ;in-a~pIancr~trar)3vor Be 


i  anq^v-snapea 

the  record  groove^  substantially-  as-described.  7 

"■fc  7 

IS,  In  a  phonograph  reproducer,  a  stylus  lever, 
means  for  supporting Vhe  said  lever  parallel  to  the 

record  groove,  a  styluX  carried  by  said  lever  with  the 

\  <k 

shank  thereof  extending Ntransversoly  to  theA  levea^,  and 
parallel  to  the  surfaoe  of  the  rpoord,  the  Baid  Btylus 
having  a  head  ourved/iin  a  planjy  parallel  to  the  reoord 
groove  and  Wshafted  in-a  pldne  tronsverse"to  the  reoord 
groove,  substantially- as  described. 
v.9, , . ,  7  /  >7^>-  . y 


m- 


:‘V  (y,\  • 


p/\ 


©atb. 


g>tate  of  Jleto  JTcrfifcp  ) 

-  SS., 

Countp  of  €SSex  ) 

Thomas  a.  edi son  ,  tfjE  abobe  nameb 
petitioner,  being  bulp  Stooru,  bepoSeS  anb  Saps  tfjat  fjE  is  a  citizen  of  tfje  lElmteb 
states!,  anb  a  reSibent  Of  Howellyn  Park,  West  Orange,  County  of 
Essex,  State  of  New  Jersey 


tfjat  fje  berilp  beliebe^  fjimself  to  be  tfje  original,  first  anb  sole  inbentor  of  tfje 
improbententS  in 

1 MPHO VEMEIIT S  IN  PHONOGRAPHS 


bescribeb  anb  claimeb  in  tfje  annexeb  Specification;  tfjat  fje  boeS  not  ftnoto  anb 
boeS  not  beliebe  tfjat  tfje  Same  toas  eber  Imobm  or  uSeb  before  fjis  inbention  or 
biscoberp  tfjereof;  or  patenteb  or  bescribeb  in  anp  printeb  publication  in  tfje 

XHniteb  States  of  America  or  anp  foreign  countrp  before  fjis  inbention  or 

biscoberp  tfjereof,  or  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  patenteb 
in  anp  countrp  foreign  to  tfje  Uniteb  States  on  an  application  fileb  more  tfjan 
ttoelbe  montfjS  prior  to  tfjis  application;  or  in  public  use  or  on  Sale  in  tfje 

tHniteb  states  for  more  tfjan  ttoo  pears  prior  to  tfjis  application;  anb  tfjat  no 

application  for  patent  upon  Saib  inbention  fjas  been  fileb  bp  fjint  or  fjis  legal 


renresentatibes  or  aSSicmS  in  anp  foreign  countrp. 


pw.23-,.-  Roorn._3.7S 
D'°'" 


2-200. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

WASHINGTON,  D. 


Thoruas  A,  Edison, 

rare  Prank  L.  Dye*, 

Care  Edison  Laboratory. 
Orange,  Now  Jersey  , 


March  19,1909. 


Please  find  below 

for  Phonographs , filed  Pebruary  <1 


o,  s.  nr**--?  oPFfcu, 

MAR  19  1909 


.  MAILED.  , 

imuni, cation  from  the  EX  Aft! HER' t>r7!frarse-  nflJBVr  application, 


3, 19(&»,  serial  number  479,687  . 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


The  examiner  cannot  see  any  patentable  distinction 
between  applicant's  claimed  decides  and  the  devices  in  Von  Wouver- 
man'i^ritish  patent  1897,  (181-2),  or  Boll^Tralnter 

#341, 214, May  4,1886,  (181-5)  or  Jonetylrine  28, 1904, #763, 903,  (181- 
11)!  Johnson , January  3,1905,  #778, 97^, (131-li) ,  and  the  claims  are 
rejeoted  accordingly  . 


(h ECEIVc-lJ  ^ 
f  MAR  20  1909  } 

V  FRANK  l.  P7£B-  y 


IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OPPICE 


Thomas  A.  Edison 
IMPROVEMENTS  IN  PHONOGRAPHS 
Piled  February  2?,  1909 
Serial  Ho.  479.587 


Room  No.  579. 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OP  PATENTS 
SIR: 

In  response  to  rejection  of  March 
19th,  1909,  please  amend  this  case  as  follows: 

"^Claim  1,  line  2,  after  "stylus"  insert  -  of 
proper  size  and  adapted  to  cut  a  record  groove  having 
approximately  400  threads  per  inch  and  -  . 

v  Cancel  Claims  2,  3  and  4  and  insert  the  follow¬ 
ing  as  2  and  3: 

<8aa t*  C  &  a  3I>  J  ^  ^  ' 

X*  As  a  new  art i ole  of  manufacture,  a  phonograph 
reoording  stylus  having  a  conical' lower  end,^a  portion  of 
the  material  of  said  cone ^bding  removed  from  the  front  of 
the  stylus  t\f ormfa^-fhrward-f-aoejextending  from  the  apex 
of  the  cone  real^wardly  of  the  axis  thereof.,— to -f-orm- cutting 
edges,  substantially  as  described. 

3«  Ab  a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  phonograph 
recording  stylus  having  a  conical  lower  end,  the  sides  of 
said  cone  being  inclined  toward  the  axis  thereof  at  an 


(1) 


angle  of  approximately  46-1/2  degreeB,  the  apex  of  said 
cone  being  slightly  rounded  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the 
record  groove,  and  the  material  of  said  cone  being  cut 
away  from  the  front  of  said  stylus  to  form  a— forward-face 
extending  from  the  apex  of  the  cone  axial-ly-er-  rearwardly 
of  the  axis  of  the  cone  for  a  short  distance  above  the 
apex,  substantially  as  described. 

^  Claim  5,  line  5,  after  "groove"  insert  -  the 
included  angle  between  the  sides  of  the  V  being  approxi¬ 
mately  93  degrees  -  . 

l/  Claim  9>  line  5>  after  "greater"  insert  -  at 
all  times  -  . 

\/  Claim  10,  line  5,  after  “greater"  insert  - 
at  all  times  -  . 

y/  Claim  11,  line  4,  before  "lever"  insert  - 
plane  of  the  -  . 

v/  Claim  12,  line  4,  before  "lever"  insert  - 
plane  of  the  -  .  Line  6,  after  "curved"  insert  -  on 
the  aro  of  a  circle  -  . 

Renumber  Claims  5  to  12  aB  4  to  11  inclusive. 

REMARKS 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claimB  as 
amended  are  requested.  Hone  of  the  references  shows  a 
recording  stylus  having  cutting  edges  which  are  straight 
lines  inclined  toward  each  other  at  the  angle  specified, 


or  which  are  adapted  to  out  a  record  groove  having  approxi¬ 
mately  400  threads  per  inch.  The  angle  claimed  was 
determined  by  a  Beries  of  experiments  and  is  apparently 


(2) 


necessary  for  the  practical  production  of  a  record  groove 
having  400  threads  per  inch.  None  of  the  references 
refers  to  the  angle  of  inclination  of  the  sides  of  the 
recorder  and  none  of  them  diBcloseB  a  construction  such 
as  shown  in  the  drawings.  It  is  obvious  that  none  of 

them  had  conceived  applicant's  invention,  since  none  of 
on 

them  had  attempted  to  form  a  sound  groove^anything  like 
the  microscopic  Beale  contemplated  by  applicant's  inven¬ 
tion.  Referring  to  new  Claims  2  and  ?,  it  may  also  be 
noted  that  none  of  the  references  discloses  a  recorder 
having  conical  cutting  edges,  the  front  faoes  of  the 
stylus  being  formed  by  cutting  away  the  material  of  the 
cone  from  the  apex  of  the  cone  in  a  plane  axial  of  the 
cone  or  extending  rearwardly  of  the  axis  of  the  cone  from 
the  apex  thereof,  or  curved  in  such  a  manner  that  it  1b 
tangent  to  the  axis  of  the  oone  or  crosses  the  same  a 
slight  distance  above  the  apex.  In  the  construction 
of  Von  ffouwerraans,  as  shown  in  Figures  1  to  4  of  his 
British  patent,  the  cutting  point  is  considerably  to  the 
rear  of  the  axis  of  the  cone,  and  fence,  this  point 
cannot  be  termed  the  apex  of  the  cone.  This  patentee 
attempted  to  form  a  very  peculiar  type,  of  record  and  in 
doing  so  proposed  to  form  a  sharp  cutting  edge  at  the 
lower  extremity  of  his  Btylus  and  a  scraping  surface 
above  the  same.  This  necessitated  a  different  structure 
from  that  claimed  by  applicant. 

Referring  to  Claims  4  to  11  inclusive,  none  of 
the  references  discloses  a  phonograph  reproducer  Btylus 
whose  bearing  surface  is  V-shaped  in  a  plane  transverse 
to  the  record  and  curved  in  a  plane  parallel  to  the 


(5) 


reoord  groove.  In  Von  Wouwermans'  reproducer,  the  bearing 
surface  1b  V-shaped  in  a  plane  parallel  to  the  record 
and  curved  in  a  plane  transverse  thereto,  just  the  opposite 
of  applicant's  construction.  The  construction  of  this 
patent  could  not  possibly  be  used  for  an  exceedingly  fine 
record  groove  such  as  contemplated  by  applicant  in  which, 
because  of  the  extreme  narrowness  of  the  groove,  the 
sound  waves  are  all  much  longer  than  they  are  wide. 

Neither  could  his  stylus  traok  applicant's  groove,  since 
the  latter  is  triangular  in  cross  section,  whereas,  the 
patentee's  is  elliptical.  None  of  the  other  references 
cited  discloses  a  structure  at  all  similar  to  applicant's, 
the  only  reproducer  stylus  shown  being  the  well  known 
conical  steel  needle  used  in  reproducing  from  disc  rec¬ 
ords.  It  is  also  to  be  noted  that  in  Claims  10  and  11 
a  stylus  is  claimed  having  a  shank  extending  transversely 
to  the  plane  of  the  stylus  lever  and  having  a  head  which 
is  curved  on  the  aro  of  a  circle  in  a  plane  parallel  to 
the  record  groove  and  V-shaped  in  a  plane  transverse  to 
the  record  groove,  which  is  an  entirely  novel  structure 
and  one  which  is  apparently  necessary  for  practical 
reproduction  from  a  sound  groove  of  the  character  speci¬ 
fied.  It  should  also  be  noted  that  in  Von  Wouwermans' 
reproducer  construction,  the  bearing  surface  of  the  stylus 
in  a  plane  parallel  to  the  record  groove  cannot  be  materi¬ 
ally  greater  than  the  bearing  surface  transverse  to  the 
record  groove,  and  oertainly  not  in  the  case  of  relatively 
long  record  grooves,  since  the  maximum  bearing  surface  in 
each  instance  is  the  diameter  of  the  shank  £  of  hiB  stylus. 

Respeotfully  submitted. 


Orange,  N.  J. 
March  / 11  ,  1910. 


>UAS  A  ..EDISON 
By 

Attorney.// 


J.H.D.-S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR, 

United  States  Patent  Office, 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  April  2,1910, 


Thomas  A.  Sell  a  on, 

Care  prank  I„  Dyer, 

Orange,  New  jersey  , 


APR  2  1910 
M  A  i  LED. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


for  Phonographs , filed  February  23,1909, serial  number  479,687  , 


nAA 


y 

V 


Commissioner  of  Patents. 


This  action  is  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  Ks.roh 

19,1910. 

Page  1,  line  10,  the  proper  serial  number  should  be 
inserted  after  "application". 

Clai  m  1  is  rejected  upon  Bruening, November  10,1891, 
"462,687,  (181-6).  The  angle  between  the  sides  of  Bruening’s 
recorder  is  apparently,  from  the  disclosure  in  tho  drawings, 
approximately  90  to  93  degrees  and  such  a  modification  as  to  make 
the  angle  exactly  93  degrees  is  held  tot  to  be  within  tho  scope 
of  patentable  subject  matter  .  The  limitation  of  producing  400 
threads  par  inch,  is  hold  not  to  be  a  patentable  limitation, 
O^aim  2  is  rejected  uponAiruening  cited,  in  view  of 
Edison,  September  26,1906,  #831,606,  (181-3),  see  especially 
Figures  9,  10  and  13,  or  Oulton’s  English  patent,  April  10,1894, 
#7080,,  (181-10),  It  is  held  no  invention  to  cut  away  a  portion 
of  Bruening* s  recorder,  in  view  of  Edison  and  O^lton  olted. 

Claim  3,  as  at  present  advised,  is  allowable  , 

Claims  4  tc^9  inclusive  are  rejected  up6n  Thome. ,  et  al. 

Fob.  22, 1910, #949^991,  (181-10)  J  / 

Brown, July  17, 1900, #663, 664^0.81-0) ,  or 
BettinijAug.  13, 1889, #409,008, (181-10). 


#479,687 . 2. 

In  all  of  these,  especially  Thorna,  Figures  4,  6  and  7,  the  seotion 
transverse  to  the  record  groove  is  V-shaped  and  parallel  to  the 
record  groove,  is  ciroular  . 

Claims  10  and  11  are  rejected  upon  the  references 
last  oited,  in  viev/  of  Weber, #951,496,  March  8,1910,  (181-10), 
it  being  held  no  invention  to  Substitute  such  a  reproducer  as  is 
shown  especially  in  Thoma  for  the  button  head  of  Weber  . 


IS  THE  UNIT!®  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE, 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  ) 

IMPROVEMENTS  IN  PHONOGRAPHS,  )  Room  No.  379. 

Filed  February  23,  1909,  ) 

Serial  No.  479,587.  ) 


HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

J,  J4J 

In  response  to  Office  action  of  ReTwiary  C3, 
1900,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as  follows: 


In  line  10,  page  1,  before  "filed"  insert 
Serial  No.  479,586  . 

In  line  2,  claim  2,  before  "a"  second 
occurrence  insert  the  apex  of  said  cone  being  slightly 
rounded  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the  reoord  groove  -  . 

Cancel  claims  5,  7,  8  and  9  and  change  the 
numerals  of  claims  6,  10  and  11  to  5,  6  and  7  respectively. 

In  line  7,  olaim  6,  former  claim  10, 
before  "substantially"  insert  the  angle  included  between 
the  sides  of  the  V  being  approximately  93°  -  , 

In  line  8,  claim  7,  former  claim  11, 
before  "substantially"  insert  the  angle  inoluded  between 
the  sides  of  the  V  being  approximately  93°  -  . 


Add  the  following  as  olaim  8; 


8.  As  a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  phono¬ 
graph  recording  stylus  having  a  oonical  lower  end,  the 
apex  of  said  cone  being  slightly  rounded  in  a  plane 
transverse  to  the  record  groove,  and  the  material  of 


said  oone  being  out  away  from  the  front  of  said  otylus  to 
form  a  forward  face  extending  from  the  apex  of  the  cone 
slightly  to  the  rear  of  the  axis  of  the  cone  for  a  short 
distance  above  the  apex,  substantially  as  described. 

K1HUK8. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  of  the  claims 
as  amended  are  respectfully  requested. 

The  angle  included  between  the  cutting  edges 
of  Bruening's  recorder  as  shown  in  Figure  7  of  his  patent 
of  rocord  is  very  much  less  than  90®  and  is  apparently 
approximately  60°.  An. inclination  of  substantially 
AX®  appears  to  ho  necessary  for  the  production  of  records 
having  substantially  400  thread e  to  the  inch,  this  fact 
having  been  determined  by  a  series  of  experiments. 
Furthermore,  the  recorder  of  Bruenlng  io  not  specifically 
described  in  the  specification  and  ms  evidently  not  de¬ 
signed  for  the  uee  contemplated  hy  the  applicant.  Re¬ 
ferring  to  claims  3,  5  and  P ,  none  of  the  patents  of 
record  shows  a  stylus  whose  hearing  surface  is  Y-sliaped 
with  a  rounded  apex  in  a  piano  transverse  to  the  record 
groove  aiid  curved  in  a  piano  parallel  to  the  record  groove. 
Thoms' s  disc  15  is  described  in  line  47,  page  2,  of  his 
specification  as  having  the  form  of  a  knife  edge  and  not 
as  having  a  rounded  apex  as  specified  by  above  named 
olaiuin,  Row  claim  6  contains  as  a  limitation,  a  state¬ 
ment  as  to  the  manner  in  which  the  material  of  the  oone  is 
out  away  to  form  the  forward  face  of  the  recording  stylus. 
This  feature  is  thought  to  be  novel. 


«2' 


Attention  is  again  directed  to  the  remarks 


acco»m?anying  the  last  amendment. 


Orange,  Now  Jersey, 

March  45^  1911. 


Respectfully  submitted, 

THOMAS  A.  HDISOIT, 


- gTi'THorney.  /  1 


56  a  Jkurnton  Road. ,  Balham,  .6.7/ 
Pondon  March  ustn  1911 . 


Thomas  Braf  Esq . , 

Clei’kenwell  Road ,  E.o. 


Dear  sir, 

ns”/  record*  )laW3  +,tlR  hlsasnro  to  hand  you  herewith  particulars  of  our 

Referring  to  records  generally,  I  would  say  that  there  are 
three  "outs''  known  to  the  Talking  machine  world.  The  parallel  cut  which 
was  made  by  the  hraphone  or  Volta  ho.  in  1666.  This  cut  was  possibly 
anticipated,  by  Mr.  Edison  In  his  re  tent  1644  of  76.  However ,  the  Volta 
cut  was  the  "method"  or  the  vibrations  In  a  parallel  track  with  the  un¬ 
dulations  at  the  bottom  of  the  track. 

The  fault  of  this  track  was  that  the  reproducing  point,  got 
huddled  on  the  side  walls  which  set  up  an  Interference  and  stopped  the 
vibrations  from  passing  molecularly  or  percuss liiply  through  Uhls  point. 

In  1666  Mr.  Edison  Invented  the  IT.  cut- which  gives  the  Method 
at  the  bottom  of  the  track  as  well  as  at  the  sides.  This  cut  Is  re¬ 
produced  by  means  of  a  ball  point.  if  a  ball  be  not  used  then  a  point 
which  must  get  down  to  the  bottom  of  the  record  and  at  the  sane  tine 
cover  the  sides.  This  track  is  very  shallow.  In  making  this  record 
on  a  disc  It,  has  been  found  that  when  made  very  fine,  there  is  a  tendency 
of  the  cutters  to  overlap  the  track  and  cut  Into  the  next,  track  so 
that  in  reproducing  there  is  a  tendency  to  echo.  If  the  cutters  be 
very  fine  and  of  less  width  than  the  track  or  pitch  of  thread,  then  as 
a  rule  there  is  no  volume.  In  short  it  has  been  found  that  the  finer 
the  ir  track  the  less  is  the  volume. 

There  is  the  third  cut  which  is  called  the  "Berliner"  or 
Zlg  Zag  cut.  This  does  not  permit  of  a  fine  cut,  because  the.  loss  of 
volume  1s  very  great  as  the  cut  is  made  finer  or  the  pitch  of  thread 
decreased.  Further  very  loud  records  have  very  little  life  in  this 
cut,  because  the  walls  being  parallel,  the  to  and  fro  motion  of  the 
cutting  tool,  cuts  away  the  walls,  so  that  nn  reproduction  these  walls 
being  weak,  are  soon  broken  down. 

we  have  invented  a  new  out  altogether  and  which  has  many 
advantages  over  anything  that  has  been  done  before.  It  is  a  phono 
cut  which  WIT, I,  1-TOT  PLAY  WITH  A  SAPPHIRE.  we  have  found  that  the  actual 
part  of  a  record  which  effects  reproduction  is  that  which  causes  either 
an  up  and  down  motion  of  the  diaphragm  or  a  to  and  fro  motion  in  an 
iipright  reproducer.  we  make  our  record  with  a  v  shaped  tool  and  repro¬ 
duce"  the  record  with  a  needle  which  is  considerably  finer:, than  the  V 
and  our  reproduction  comes  from  the  bottom  of  the  track  and  not  from 
the  sides.  This  lessens  scrape  and  noise  and  gives  great  volume  and 


that,  "grip"  in  t.hs  reproduction  which  the  public  seem  to  look  for. 

we  have  been  over  three  ye are  experimenting  along  the  lines 
which  have  resulted  in  our  present  patents . 

we  have  patents  in  the  following  countries:-  Kngland,  franca, 
Uelglum,  Cermany,  Austria,  tl.S.A.  and  we  have  rights  under  the  con¬ 
vention  to  apply  for  patents  in  all  other  countries  before  the  is  of 


we  have  hah  Counsels  opinion  on  our  patents  and  a  search  has 
been  made  in  all  countries  for  prior  publication  of  our  system  and 
we  haven't  been  able  to  find  It.  The  effectiveness  of  our  record  is 
hue  to  the  fact  that  it  is  reproduced  with  a  tool  which  is  of  less 
width  than  the  groove  or  track,  and  has  a  very  find  point,.  The 
carman  Patent  Office,  after  a  very  full  investigation,  lasting  some 
considerable  time,  granted  our  claims  in  full —  even  to  the  v  cut 
as  tnsv  held  no  one  else  nad  ever  proposed  to  make  a  v  cut.  record 
and  reproduce  i’t.  with'  a  sharp  pointed  stylus  or  needle.  • 


The  advantages  of  our  record  are  that  we  can  gat  twice  the  time 
as  on  a  Zig  Z ag  cut,  record.  We  record  at,  fiO  revolutions  per  minute 
so  that,  our  record  will  play  -  on  all  Cramaphor.es  and  victor  machines 
without  the  necessityof  altering  the  Motor,  as  it,  is  now  the  case 
where,  it,  is  desired  to  play  Phono  cut  records — such  as  Paths., 1  Clarion, 
Asplr  etc. —  Thus  our  records  are  available  to  all  users  of  Cramo 
phones,  an-i  In  order  t,o  get  into  the  market,  we  do  not,  have  to  create 
a  demand  for  the  records  by  the  sale  of  machines  as  “athes  nave  had 
to  do. 


T.n  the  manufacture  of  these  records  t.hetrack  being  of  v.  shape, 
the  matrix  .’.ones  away  from  the  "stock"  quite  easily,  and  as  you  will 
see  by  the  samples  sent  fl-.ou  leaves  a  bright  and  strong  surface. 

In  the  gig  Zag  track  records  the  tool,  very  often  undercutting  the 
track,  there  is  a  slight  tearing  away  of  the  walls  in  places,  which 
causes  a  roughness  and  corresponding  unpleasantness  in  the  reproduction. 


s  been 


As  regards  the  life  of  our  record.  On  a  Ziff  Zag  record  the 
wear  test  in  50.  This  in  the  Standard  of  the  Cramapftone  Co.  and 
the  Columbia  Manv  ,,f  the  Continental  Companies  have  no  wear  test? 
and  their  records  break  down  in  half  a  dozen  reproductions  and 
especial.lv  in  this  the  cane  if  a  thick  or  loud  needle  be  employed. 

with  the  record  it  will  be  found  that,  the  wear  test  J~ 

Phenomenal  Certainly  it  in  far  ahead  of  anyhhing  that 
done  u>»  to  the  present.  Naturally  a  good  deal,  depends 
stock  hut  I  have  found  with  ordinary  records,  that  immediately  you 
harden  up  or  strengthen  the  stock,  you  introduce  scrape  You  ««" 
make  our  record  of  steel  and  with  the  sharp  needle  point,  yon i  wil 1  : not 
increase  scraps,  therefore,  T  nee  no  reanon  why  our  record  should  not. 
give  a  wear  test,  -finning  into  thousands. 


hov  to  play  oun  record. 

We  prefer  to  nee  a  machine  like  t,he  new  model  "Sonora"  which 

is  made  by  Paillard  In  Switzerland  and  la  sold  by  the  Sonora  Co.  In  New 

York,  or  a  Paths  Machine.  We  do  not  use  a  sapphire  so  that, '.'must  be 
removed  from  the  box,  and.  If  you  will  notice  a  modem  Pathe  box,  you 
will  see  there  is  a  place  for  a  screw  cap  to  cover  the  sapphire.  We 

file  off  that  screw  part,  and  pass  a  drill  down  the  hole  which  holds 

the  sapphire  capsule,  so  that  the  needle  will  go  in  easily.  The 
needle  should  project,  about,  a  quarter  of  an  Inch  or  less  but  not  much  less 

I  am  sending  you  some  records.  I  have  tested  them  and  they 
are  AX  and  T  think  you  win  admit  T.  ought  to  know  waht  a  good  record  is, 
if,  therefore,  you  do  not  get  good  results,  look  t,o  the  reproducer.  Of 
course,  T  take  it  you  understand  that  the  reproducer  is  used  Phono 
fashion.  Try  and  get  a  Pathe  machine.  for  the  Orainaphone  or  Victor 
machine  we  make  an  Adapter.  This  not  only  permits  of  the  reversal 
of  the  Round  Box  but.  brings  the  needle  point  dAMlAaewlthtthsoentre 
pin  which  is  the  correct  position.  . 

AS  RE CARDS  NEEDLES . 

We  exact  a  fine  needle.  The  Melba  needle  is  a  good  needle 
and  there  are  many  find  needles  to  be  had.  We  have  our  needles  made 
of  silver  steel  and  they  are  as  hard  again  as  the  general  run  of  needles 
sold  here  outside  the  (Vcamaohone  Company.  DOMT  USE  TOO  THICK  A  NEEDLE 
AS  WE  ho  NOT  WANT  IT  TO  TOUCH  THE  SIPES. 

Kindly  note  that  it  is  not,  desirable  t.o  drop  the  repno.  or 
Sound  Box  down  on  the  record  in  any  position.  You  can  do  thi  s  with 
a  cylinder  because  the  Repro,  has  the  sapphire  suspended  and  is  resilient 
but  with  the  Round  Box  it  comes  down  hard  and  brutal  and  is  likely  to 
hit  the  record  i>n  the  top  of  a  wall  and  so  break  it  away.  This  is  riot 
anvthtng  in  the  way  of  special  precaution  with  our  records  but  it  applies 
to  all  records  which  are  played  with  a  needle.  Further  we  recommend 
that  the  needle  should  be  run  a  few  times  on  the  hard  material  before 
it  is  run  in  the  groove.  This  takes  the  burr  off. 

Notice  that  our  record  can  be  played  with  the  machine  at 
an  angle  of  45  degrees.  This  can't  be  done  with  a  Phono  cut  record 
and  thus  phono  cut  records  are  debarred  from  being  used  on  board  ship. 

The  lest,  word  is  that  if  you  don't  get.  the  best  resUltd —  even 
as  you,  with  all  your  sense  of  quality  know  them —  then  look  to  the 
reproducing  methods . 

X  ail  sending  you  3  records  and  S  Matrix  of 
so  that  you  can  press  a  record  in  your  own  special  material  for  trial. 

I  am  also  sending  an  Adapter  for  use  on  victor  machines. 

Yours  faithfully, 


J.  LEWIS  YOUNO. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


ti 

Thojnau 


& 


UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON  April  15,1911  . 

A.  Edison,  ( 

Cars  prank  T.,  Dyer,  1  ,l/  ‘M 

Orange,  Nev/  Jersey  .  , 


Edison  Laboratory. 


Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application. 


#479, 587,  filed  Peb 


23,1909,  for  Phonographs  . 


This  action  ia  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  Maroh 

15,1911  . 

Claim  1  is  rejected  upon  Bruening  of  record  or  Kevelvey, 
yany,  1,1896,  531,690,  (181-10).  Pruening's  recorder  may  well 
include  an  angle  of  about  90  decrees.  Kcvelveyis  recorder  is 
described  as  containing  an  angle  of  90  degrees.  Tt  ia  held 
patent  ably  immaterial  whether  the  recorder  include  an  angle  of 
90  or  93  decrees  as  it  is  believed  the  device  will  still  be 
operative  including  the  lesser  angle  . 

Claim  2  is  rejected  upon  Von  Wouwermann,Gerraan  patent, 
104,718,  Aug.  23,1899,  (181-10).  The  claim  is  also  rejected  upon 
Movelvey  or  Bruening,  in  view  of  Bell,  et  al.,  of  record,  Edison, 
June  26,1900,  652,457,  (181-10),  or  Von  VTouwermann  oited-  No 
invention  o«n  be  found  in  outting  a  face  upon  the  oone  at  or  rear¬ 
ward  of  the  axis  as  in  Tainter  or  others  cited. 

Claim  3,  line  8  and  9,  "aoially  or  rearwardly  of  the 
axis",  is  objectionable  as  alternative.  ThiB  claim  is  rejected 
upon  ttory-elvey  or  -nruening,  in  view  of  VonWouwermann  or  Bell,  et 
al. 

Claim  4  is  rej*oted  upon  Thoma'  of  record,  in  view 
of  Mc-r-olvey  or  pruening  and  the  claim  is  also  rejected  upon 


,r  #479,507 . 2. 

VonV'ouwermann. 

Claim  5  is  rejeoted  upon  Von  V.'ouwermann ,  or  Thoma,  or 
Wbe r,  in  view  of  Mcyelvey  or  Bruenins. 

Claims  6  and  7  are  rejected  upon  Kovelvey,  Brueninp;  or 
VonV/ouwermann  in  view  of  yreber.  Wo  invention  can  be  found  in 
conforming  the  head  of  "/oheris  stylus  to  a  /groove  as  would  be  out 
by  the  recorder  of  the  other  references  cited  . 

Claim  8  is  rejected  upon  VOnWouwermann  and  also  upon 
Movelvey  or  -nrueninn,  in  view  of  „dison  or  well  . 


/V.  tiJUs/  'P>*4**i  ■ 


,0<tCbl*tU>  ’ 


in  THE  UHITEE  STATES  PAT  Eli T  OFFICE. 


THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  ) 

IMPROVEMENTS  III  PHOTOGRAPHS , ) 

„  Room  Ho.  379. 

Filed  February  23,  1909,  ) 

Serial  Ho.  479,587.  ) 

HONORABLE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

SIR: 

In  response  to  Office  action  of  April  15, 
1911,  please  amend  the  above  entitled  case  as  follows: 

Rev/rite  claims  1  and  2  as  follows: 

I*  As  a  n ew  article  of  manufacture,  a  phonograph 
recording  stylus  having  straight  cutting  edges  inclined  to 
each  other  ana  extending  upwardly  and  slightly  rearwardly 
from  the  cutting  extremity  of  the  stylus,  substantially 
a3  described. 

2.  As  a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  phonograph 
recording  stylus  whose  cutting  edges  comprise  two  straight 
portions  inclined  to  each  other  and  a  curved  portion  con¬ 
necting  said  straight  portions,  said  cutting  edges  extending 
upwardly  and  slightly  rearwardly  from  the  cutting  extremity 
of  the  stylus,  substantially  as  described. 

In  line  7,  claim  3,  change  "a  forward  face"  to 
-  cutting  edges  -  ;  and  in  lino  8,  same  claim,  cancel 
"axially  or". 

Cancel  Claim  4  and  insert  the  following  as 
new  claim  4. 

4.  As  a  n ew  article  of  manufacture,  a  phonograph 
recording  stylus  whose  cutting  edges  comprise  two  straight 
portions  inclined  towards  each  other  at  an  angle  of 
1 


substantially  93°  and  the  curved  portion  connecting  said 
straight  portions,  said  cutting  edges  extending  upwardly 
and  Blightly  rearwardly  from  the  cutting  extremity  of  the 
stylus,  substantially  as  describod. 

Bewrite  claims  6  and  7  as  follows: 

6.  !n  a  phonograph  reproducer,  a  stylus  lever, 
means  for  supporting  said  lever  parallel  to  the  record 
groove,  a  stylus  carried  by  said  lever  with  the  shank 

thereof  extending  transversely  to  the  plane  of  the  lover, 
the  said  stylus  having  a  head  curved  in  a  plane  parallel 
to  the  record  groove  and  provided  with  a  bearing  surface 
whose  section  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the  record  groove 
ha::  the  shape  of  the  letter  V  provided  with  a  rounded  apex, 
the  angle  included  between  tho  sides  of  the  V  being  approx¬ 
imately  93°,  substantially  as  described. 

7.  In  a  phonograph  reproducer,  a  styluG  lever, 
means  for  supporting  the  said  lever  parallel  to  the  record 
groove,  a  stylus  carried  by  said  lever  with  the  shank 
thereof  extending  transversely  to  the  plane  of  the  lever 
and  parallel  to  the  surface  of  the  record,  the  said  stylus 
having  a  head  curved  on  the  arc  of  a  circle  in  a  plane 
parallol  to  the  record  groove  and  provided  with  a  bearing 
surface  whose  section  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the  record 
groove  haB  the  shape  of  the  letter  V  provided  with  a 
rounded  apex,  substantially  as  described. 


The  references  of  record  have  been  carefully 
considered  and  the  claims  (except  claim  5)  have  been 
revised  to  differentiate  applicant’s  invention  therefrom. 
Claim  6  is  thought  to  be  allowable  without  revision. 

Eef erring  to  claims  1  to  4  inclusive,  none  of 
the  references  of  record  discloses  a  recording  stylus 
having  straight  cutting  edges  inclined  towards  each  other 
and  extending  upwardly  and  slightly  rearwardly  from  ^the 
cutting  extremity  of  the  stylus.  In  the  patent  to 
HcKelvey,  the  edges  of  the  stylus  are  inclined  forwardly; 
and  as  a  consequence,  the  tendency  of  this  stylus  would  be 
to  ride  up  out  of  the  record  material  onto  the  surface 
thereof.  In  the  structure  of  Bruening,  the  same  defect 
exists.  Neither  of  these  patents  shows  a  cutting  edge 
having  the  curved  cutting  portion  specified  in  claims  2,  3 
and  4.  In  VonWouwermann,  Bell,  ot  al. ,  Edison,  652,407,: 
there  are  no  straight  cutting  edges';  nor  does  any  of  these 
patents  disclose  cutting  edges  extending  upwardly  and  rear¬ 
wardly  from  the  cutting  extremity  of  the  stylus. 

Eef erring  to  claims  5  to  7  inclusive,  the  patents 
to  VonWouwermann  and  Weber  do  not  disclose  a  stylus  whose 
bearing  surface  is  V-shaped  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the 
record  groove.  As  pointed  out  in  the  specification 
(see  last  paragraph  on  page  2)  a  groove  whose  walls  are 
curved  transversely  of  the  same,  os  is  true  of  Yfcber’s 
and  VonWouwermann' s  groove,  is  impracticable  for  records 


having  four  hundred  threads  per  inch;  "because  the  side 
walls  are  too  thin  or  narrow  to  have  the  requisite  strength 
neoded  in  molding  and  reproducing."  fhoma's  reproducer 
and  MoKolvoy  and  Bruoning's  recorder  are  not  provided  with 
apexoa  rounded  transverse  to  the  record  groove;  but  have 
sharp  or  pointed  record  engaging  portions  which  would  wear 
away  the  record  groove  in  a  short  time.  rJ?ho  applicant's 
reproducing  Btylus  appears  to  be  essentially  different  from 
prior  styluses, and  it  is  thought  that  it  could  not  be  pro¬ 
duced  by  any  modification  of  the  structures  disclosed  in 
the  references  without  the  exorcise  of  invention. 

Reconsideration  and  allowance  are  accordingly 
rospoctfully  requested. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Orange ,IIew  Jersey,  THOMAS  A.  EBIiJOH, 

March  Hv,  1912.  By  <0  ^ 

his  Attorney.  ' 


v.  --2.3.  Room _ 379 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON  April  .74,1912. 

Thorns  A.  Edison, 

(.'are  Shrink  L.  JJjrcr, 

Orange,  Few  Jersey  . 

Care  pidison  Laboratory. 

Please  find  below  a  communication  from  the  EXAMINER  in  charge  of  your  application . 

for  Phonographs, filed  -..eb.  23, 1909, serial  number  479,507  . 


%&% 


This  aotion  is  responsive  to  the  amendment  filed  March  27, 

1912. 

Claims  1,  2,  3,  4  and  8  are  specific  to  the  recording 
stylus,  v/hile  claims  5,^6  and  7  are  specific  to  the  reproducing 
stylus.  Applicant  ls^entitled  to  claim  more  than  one  modification 
specifically  in  the  snrao  applic etion, see  ex  parte  Eagle, C.B., 
1870,136  and  division  is  required  according  to  the  provisions 
of  Rule  42. 

Claims  1  and  2  are  rejected  as  displaying  no  invention 
over  Bell,  et  al. ,  of  record,  see  page  3,  linos  67  to  71  inclu¬ 
sive.  It  is  a  well  known  expedient  in  all  arts  employing  cutting 
tools  to  give  the  cutting  edge  a  slight  backward  incline.  This 

is  true  as  well  in  the  talking  machine  art  as  see  White ,  June 
d 

10, 1890, #429, 827^181-2),  or  Oerman  patent  to  Godeoker,Muroh 
28,1893,  #67,5^4,  (181-10);  accordingly  it  is  not  soon  that 
invention  is  displayed  in  cutting  Bell'.s  stylus  slightly  back  of 
the  axis.  Por  similar  reasons  claims  1  and  2  are  also  rejeoted 
on  MoICelvey  of  reoord. 

Claims  3  and  4  are  rejected  upon  the  references" "and  for  the 
reasons  above  given.  Invention  is  not  found  in  making  the  single 


O.S.  PATENT  office, 

APR  2-4 1912 

MAILED. 


#479,587- 


of  the  cone  a  quantity  approximately  old  in  tho  art  as  in  MoKelvey 

or  Von  Wouwermann  of  record.  In  MoKolvoy,  tho  angle  ia  90  and 
o 

in  Von  Wouwermann,  it  io  approximately  90  .  Unless  applicant  can 

o 

show  that  some  now  result  has  been  obtained  by  using  93  “  that 
was  not  obvious  from  the  prior  uso  of  90  ,  it  is  believed  that 
applicant  is  not  entitled  to  a  olaim  whioh  depends  for  its  patents- 
bio  limitation  on  tho  selection  of  a  specific  angle. 

Claim  4  is  objectionable  as  the  cutting  edges  are  not 
included  positively. 

Claim  4,  line  4,  "the"  should  be  a  . 

Claim  5  is  rejected  upon  Thoraa  of  record  and  also  upon 
Weber  of  record  in  view  of  Von  Wouwermann  or  Edison, #652, 457, 
of  record, figure  7.  It  is  not  ooen  that  invention  is  involved  in 
shaping  Weber’s  stylus  to  conform  to  the  -given',  record  groove 
in  view  that,  ntyli  of  approximately  that  angle  are  aho\m  to  be 
old. 

Claims  6  and  7  are  rejected  upon  the  references  und  for  tho 
reasons  of  rejection  of  claim  5,  in  connection  with  the 
references  and  reasons  of  rejection  of  claim  1  . 

Claim  8  io  rejected  upon  the  references  and  for  the  reasons 
of  rejection  of  olaim  1  . 


•'j, 


petition 


®o  tfjc  Commissioner  of  Patents: 

§ouc  petitionee  thomas  a.  Edison 
a  citizen  of  tfje  flilniteb  States,  reSfoing  anb  fjabing  a  Posit  ©fficc  abbress  at 
Llewellyn  Park,  West  Orange,  County  of  Essex,  New  Jersey 


praps!  tljat  letters!  patent  map  be  granteb  to  fjim  for  tfje  improbements  in 


SOUND  RECORDS 


Set  fort!)  in  tfje  annexeb  specification ;  anb  fje  fjerebp  appoints!  jfranfe  TL.  ©per 
(Registration  J2o.  560),  of  ©range,  i?eln  SferSep,  fjisi  attornep,  toitfj  full 
potoer  of  substitution  anb  rebocation,  to  prosecute  tfjis  application,  to  malte 
alterations  anb  atnenbments  tfjerein,  to  receibe  tfje  patent,  anb  to  transact  all 
business  in  tfje  Patent  ©ffice  connecteb  tfjeretoitfj. 


-  SPECIEIOATION  - 


TO  ALL  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

BE  IT  KNOWN  that  I,  THOMAS  A.  EDISON,  a  oitlaen 
of  the  United  States,  and  a  resident  of  Llewellyn  Park, 
West  Orange,  County  of  Ebb ex  and  State  of  New  Jersey, 
have  made  a  certain  new  and  useful  invention  in  SOUND 
RECORDS,  of  which  the  following  is  a  description: 

My  invention  relates  to  various  improvements  in 
sound  reoords,  and  my  object  is  to  provide  a  sound  record 
of  superior  quality  and  so  relatively  condensed  that  a 
muoh  more  extended  reproduction  may  he  secured  from  a  cyl¬ 
inder  of  standard  dimensions  than  is  now  possible. 

As  phonograph  records  have  been  chiefly  made  in 
commercial  practice  heretofore,  a  ciroular  edged  recorder 
having  a  diameter  of  about  .040  inch  is  engaged  with  a 
rotating  blank,  so  as  to  track  very  slightly  below  the 
surfaoe,  the  surface  speed  of  the  blank  being  upwards  of 
90  feet  per  minute,  and  the  recording  spaces  being  only 
l/lOO  of  an  inch  in  width.  This  produces  the  standard 
record  having  100  threads  per  inch.  In  my  previous 
application  Serial  No.  350,646,  filed  January  3,  1907, 

I  desorlbe  a  sound  record  made  with  a  ciroular  edged 
recorder  having  a  diameter  of  about  one  quarter  that  of 
the  recorder  whioh,  as  previously  described,  is  used  to 
make  the  100  thread  reoords.  In  the  application  No. 
350,646  above  referred  to,  the  record  is  made  on  a  record¬ 
ing  machine  having  a  feed  sorew  whioh  preferably  has  a 
pitch  of  200  threads  to  the  inoh.  This  outB  a  record  to 


1. 


a  suitable  depth  in  a  spaoe  l/zoo  of  an  inch  wide  instead 
of  l/lOO  of  an  inoh,  the  improved  record  so  made  having, 
therefore,  200  threads  to  the  inoh.  In  the  case  of  both 
the  standard  100  thread  record  and  the  improved  200  thread 
reoord  made  with  a  recorder  as  just  deBoribed,  the  deepest 
depressions  whioh  can  be  formed  without  overlapping  upon 
the  adjoining  spaces  are  extremely  shallow,  being  about 
6/10,000  of  an  inoh  in  depth.  In  the  oase  of  the  100 
thread  reoord,  the  width  of  the  reoord  groove  is  about 
sixteen  times  the  maximum  depth,  and  its  walls  are  of  such 
slight  curvature  that  difficulty  is  experienced  in  tracking 
the  record,  unless  the  reproducer  stylus  is  mounted  with 
great  flexibility.  In  the  case  of  the  improved  200  thread 
reoord  of  application  Serial  No.  350,646,  the  ratio  of 
width  to  depth  above  referred  to  is  out  in  half,  becom¬ 
ing  approximately  8  to  1. 

In  endeavoring  to  produce  a  reoord  having  sub¬ 
stantially  more  than  200  threads  per  inoh,  for  example, 

400  threads  per  inoh  with  a  circular  edged  recording  sty¬ 
lus,  various  difficulties  present  themselves  one  of  which  is 
the  production  of  a  cutter  of  stiff iciently  small  size  to 
out  such  a  narrow  groove  to  a  desirable  depth,  and  further¬ 
more  such  a  groove  even  when  produced  doeB  not  make  a 
practical  record  because  the  side  walls  are  too  thin  or 
narrow  to  have  the  requisite  strength  needed  in  molding  and 
reproducing. 

According  to  the  present  invention  I  use  a  cut¬ 
ting  stylus  having  straight  inclined  side  edges,  prefera¬ 
bly  slightly  rounded  at  the  bottom  or  point.  I  am  aware 
that  V-shaped  cutters  have  boon  used  heretofore  for  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  reoord  grooves, but  the  angle  between  the  cutting 
edgeB,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  has  not  been  such  as  to  pro- 

2. 


duce  a  desirable  record  groove.  1  have  determined  the 
proper  angle  to  he  used  in  order  to  produce  the  heBt  re¬ 
sults,  particularly  in  a  groove  having  400  threade  to  the 
inch,  which  angle  should  he  approximately  95  degrees  be¬ 
tween  the  two  cutting  edges  of  the  recorder,  and  the  same 
between  the  sides  of  the  record  groove  or  46-1/2  degrees 
between  one  of  the  cutting  edges  and  tSie  median  line  of 
the  cutter,  and  the  same  between  one  of  the  sideB  of  the 
groove  and  a  plane  drawn  perpendioular  to  the  reoord 
surface  parallel  to  the  groove.  When  thiB  angle  1b 
used,  the  point  of  the  stylus  is  rounded  on  a  curve  whose 
diameter  is  .001  inch  which  1b  a  suitable  curve  for  re¬ 
cords  of  such  pitoh. 

This  angle  may  be  varied  slightly  under  differ¬ 
ing  conditions  while  securing  the  advantages  of  the  inven¬ 
tion,  as  for  instance,  when  the  diameter  of  curvature  of 
the  point  of  the  stylus  is  changed,  but  I  recommend  the 
angle  and  curvature  above  mentioned  as  being  those  best 
suited  for  400  thread  records. 

In  a  groove  produced  by  Buch  a  stylus  and  having 
400  threads  per  inch,  the  ratio  between  the  width  of  the 
groove  and  its  maximum  depth  iB  approximately  2.5  to  1. 
Such  a  record  groove  has  clearly  defined  side  walls  of 
sufficient  strength  to  enable  it  when  molded  to  be  removed 
from  the  mold  without  injury  to  the  Bide  walls  and  to  en¬ 
able  it  to  be  tracked  by  a  reproducer  stylus. 

In  order  that  the  invention  may  be  better  under¬ 
stood,  attention  is  directed  to  the  accompanying  drawings, 
forming  part  of  this  specification  and  in  which  - 

Figure  1  is  a  transverse  Beotion,  greatly  en¬ 
larged,  of  a  reoord  groove  formed  in  accordance  with  my 


(5) 


invention. 

Figure  2  in  a  similar  view  on  a  smaller  scale, 
but  still  greatly  enlarged,  and  showing  my  improved  re¬ 
cording  stylus  in  position  for  foi-ming  the  groove. 

Figure  3  iB  a  side  elevation  of  the  recording 
stylus,  and 

Figure  4  is  a  front  olevution  of  an  improved  re¬ 
producer  stylus  for  tracking  the  improved  record  groove. 

Thu  recording  otylus  ^  which  may  be  of  sapphire 
or  other  suitable  material  is  a  oylinder  whose  axis  is 
normal  to  the  record  surface  and  whose  lowor  end  is  formed 
as  a  cone  2,  the  apex  of  which  is  rounded  on  a  spherical 
curve  £  whose  diameter  may  be  .001  inch. 

The  cutting  edges  4  are  formed  by  removing  ma¬ 
terial  from  the  cone  2  on  a  curve  extending  beyond  or  to 
the  rear  of  the  axiB  of  said  cone,  as  shown  in  Figure  3. 

The  lines  forming  said  edges  are  substantially  straight 
lineB  and  they  are  inclined  toward  each  other  at  an  angle 
of  approximately  93  degrees,  that  is,  eaoh  cutting  edge 
forms  an  angle  of  46-l/2  degrees  v/ith  the  axis  of  the  re¬ 
corder.  Suoh  a  recorder  will  form  the  record  groove  2 
of  Figure  1,  having  side  walls  which  are  inclined  to¬ 
ward  each  other  at  an  angle  of  approximately  93  degrees, 
and  the  bottom  6>  of  which  ie  rounded  on  a  circle  whose 
diameter  is  .001  inch. 

A  suitable  reproducer  stylus  for  tracking  the 
record  groove  is  shown  in  Figure  4.  It  is  of  Bapphlre 
or  other  suitable  material  and  comprises  a  shank  8,  neok  £, 
and  head  10,  all  circular  in  transverse  section.  The 
head  10  is  formed  with  a  bearing  Burface  having  oon'idal 
walls  11  inclined  toward  each  other  at  an  angle  of  ap- 


(4) 


proxiraately  9?  degreeB,  or  an  angle  of  46-1/2  degreee  to 
the  perpendicular,  and  rounded  at  the  plane  of  inter¬ 
section  on  a  curve  or  circle  whose  diameter  may  he  .001 
inoh. 


The  stylus  should  he  held  with  the  shank  trans- 


i  in  the  etppL*l  _  _  / 
''IccaA't'lcr.^  1 4  ib.  , 

^—1^08— BerW-Ho-r-456-,-701-. 


The  improved  recorder  and  reproducer  herein 
shown  are  claimed  in  my  application  Serial  Ho .  tfytjjfy;''/ & & V 
filed  concurrently  herewith. 


Having  now  described  my  invention,  what  I  olaim 
and  desire  to  secure  hy  letters  Patent,  is  aB  follows: 

As  a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  Bound 
record  formed,  with  a  continuous  itpira-l  record  groove  hav¬ 
ing  side  walls\whose  elements  are  substantially  straight 
lines  inclined  toward  the  perpendicular  bi- sector  of  the 
record  groove  at  an.  angle  of  approximately  46-1/2  degreeB, 
substantially  as  setVorth. 

/  As  a  new  article  of  manufacture,  a  sound 

./tcijUhiC-  -  ' 

record  formed  with  a  continuous  -spi*ial  record  groove 


having  a  rourided/bottom land  Bide  walls  whose  elements 
are  substantially  straight  lines  inclined  toward  the 
perpendicular  bi-seotor  of  the  reoord  groove  at  an  angle 
of  approximately  46-1/2  degrees,  substantially  as  set 
forth.  CL  -